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Молекулярная и клеточная основа физиологических изменений беременности и ее последствий для нейрологовых и офтальмических патологий.

Беременность олицетворяет глубокие неврологические, гормональные и анатомические преобразования в материнском мозге, подготавливая их к уходу и сближению младенцев. Нейроимация свидетельствует о таких структурных изменениях, как сокращение содержания серых веществ и реорганизация белых веществ во время беременности, за которыми следует частичное послеродовое выздоровление. Эти адаптации модернизируются изменяющимися уровнями эстрадиола, прогестерона, пролактина и окситоцина, которые координируют нейропластичность и поведенческий уровень готовности. На молекулярном и клеточном уровнях гормоны б

Acute organ failure and risk of admission to intensive medical care in cancer patients: a single center prospective cohort study.

ObjectiveTo ascertain the cumulative incidence of acute organ failure and intensive care unit admission in cancer patients.MethodsThis was a single-center prospective cohort study of adult cancer patients admitted for unscheduled inpatient care while on systemic cancer treatment.ResultsBetween August 2018 and February 2019, 10,392 patients were on systemic treatment, 358 had unscheduled inpatient care and were eligible for inclusion, and 285 were included. The mean age was 60.9 years, 50.9% were male, and 17.9% of patients had hematologic cancers. The cumulative risk of acute organ failure was

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… Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients at the time of acute inpatient admission * Malignant neoplasms of mesothelial or soft tissue, malignant neoplasms of male genital organs, malignant neoplasms of urinary tract, malignant neoplasms of skin, malignant neoplasms of thyroid or other endocrine glands … Table 2 Baseline characteristics according to the occurrence of acute organ failure AOF - acute organ failure; CCI - Charlson comorbidity index; NA - not applicable. * Mesothelial or soft tissue, male genital organs, urinary tract, skin, thyroid or other endocrine glands, bone and articular cartilage …

Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia.

BACKGROUND: Regularly transfused people with sickle cell disease (SCD) and people with thalassaemia are at risk of iron overload. Iron overload can lead to iron toxicity in vulnerable organs such as the heart, liver and endocrine glands, which can be prevented and treated with iron-chelating agents. The intensive demands and uncomfortable side effects of therapy can have a negative impact on daily activities and wellbeing, which may affect adherence. OBJECTIVES: To identify and assess the effectiveness of different types of interventions (psychological and psychosocial, educational, medicatio…

Важное значение акромагалоидных физических свойств для клинической практики.

Акромагали и гигантизм - это гормональные расстройства, которые возникают в результате гиперсекретирования хронического роста гормона. Псевдоним префикса используется для описания определенного клинического состояния без четко подтвержденной характеристики патофизиологического механизма и основных биохимических характеристик; псевдоакромегалы или акромигалоидизм соответствуют определению, приведенному выше. В данном случае мы попытаемся представить краткий обзор диагностической оценки акромигалоидной физической внешности при обсуждении two - случаи пациентов, которые имеют такие же клинические

Identifying Patients With Asymptomatic Hyperparathyroidism by Serum Calcium and Vitamin D Screening in West Bengal, India.

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of hypercalcemia, with solitary parathyroid adenoma responsible for most cases. Many patients with hyperparathyroidism remain asymptomatic, but early detection and parathyroidectomy can prevent complications such as nephrolithiasis, pancreatitis, and bone and kidney disorders. This study emphasizes the importance of screening for asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism to enable timely intervention. METHODS: Serum calcium and Vitamin D3 levels were screened in 6000 outpatients between March 2021 and September 2022. Patients with kno

Postbiotics as Emerging Strategy Targeting Obesity- and Aging-Related Breast Cancer-Prospects in Prophylaxis and Therapy.

Aging and obesity accompanied with hormonal disequilibrium represent critical, inter-related risk factors for breast cancer, significantly influencing disease incidence, progression, and therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted biological mechanisms linking obesity and aging to breast carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on the emerging therapeutic and preventive potential of postbiotics as molecules targeting cellular events important for cancer growth and responsiveness. Despite continuous advancement, breast cancer therapy still poses several challenges, such

Analyzing Comorbidity Patterns in Patients With Thyroid Disease Using Large-Scale Electronic Medical Records: Network-Based Retrospective Observational Study.

BackgroundThyroid disease (TD) is a prominent endocrine disorder that raises global health concerns; however, its comorbidity patterns remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to apply a network-based method to comprehensively analyze the comorbidity patterns of TD using large-scale real-world health data.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we extracted the comorbidities of adult patients with TD from both private and public data sets. All comorbidities were identified using ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) codes at the 3-digit level, and those with

Pathology Competencies in Medical Education and Educational Cases: Update 2023.

Pathology is a core component of medical school curricula because understanding the pathogenesis of the disease is foundational both for diagnostic efficiency and optimal use of ancillary resources in patient care. The Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME) were developed as a national resource of expectations of pathology knowledge for medical students. The PCME are composed of three competencies: disease mechanisms and processes, organ system pathology, and diagnostic pathology and therapeutic pathology. The learning goals and learning objectives of the PCME that were first publ

Biology and Diseases of Dogs

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The Role of Dental Practitioners in the Management of Oncology Patients: The Head and Neck Radiation Oncology Patient and the Medical Oncology Patient.

This narrative review addresses the role of a dentist in the management of oncology patients, highlighting the oral complications that arise in head and neck radiation oncology patients and medical oncology patients. The prevention and management of these complications are discussed.

Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with recombinant human parathyroid hormone and electromagnetic field.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) combined with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover indicators in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients. METHODS: A total of 336 PMOP patients were randomly assigned into three groups: EMF + rhPTH group (n = 115), rhPTHx group (n = 113) and EMF group (n = 108). The lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were measured before treatment and at 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment. Blood calcium, bone alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), type I procollagen N-termi

Multimodality imaging localization of a giant functional parathyroid adenoma in a young fitness trainer with delayed recognition of hypercalcemia: A case report.

Giant parathyroid adenoma (GPA) is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) whose symptoms overlap with normal training fatigue and dietary shifts that calcium testing gets delayed in active people. A 36-year-old male fitness trainer presented with 13 kg of unintentional weight loss over six months with weakness, and nocturia, all of which he and the physicians who first saw him attributed to his training regimen and protein supplementation. Serum calcium was 16.4 mg/dL and parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1127.4 pg/mL, with acute kidney injury and bilateral nephrolithiasis; protein electro

Взаимодействие полов и генотипов в ассоциациях по борьбе с заболеваниями: комплексный сетевой анализ в Биобанке Соединенного Королевства.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Сопоставимость заболеваний и более долгосрочные осложнения, обусловленные биологическими связями между фенотипами, могут привести к повышению риска серьезных последствий для здоровья. С учетом того, что многие болезни отличаются по признаку пола в их генетике, наша цель состояла в том, чтобы определить, влияют ли связи генотипа в разбивке по полу (GxS) аналогичным образом на межфенотипные ассоциации. Путем сопоставления сетей по борьбе с болезнями, которые были зарегистрированы на сексуальной почве, где узлы представляют собой болезни и края, представляют собой их взаимо

Fasting boosts breast cancer therapy efficacy via glucocorticoid activation.

The majority of breast cancers are driven by oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) activation, and endocrine therapy represents the mainstay treatment for these patients1. However, resistance is common and tumours often progress after years of endocrine suppression2. Periodic fasting enhances the efficacy of standard endocrine therapy and delays acquired drug resistance, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear3. Here we show that fasting induces extensive epigenetic reprogramming in ERα-positive breast cancer xenografts when combined with endocrine therapy, with large-scale activation of glucoc

Связанная с паратироидным гормоном гиперкальцемия злоумышленника: исследования из многоцентрального хранилища клинических данных.

BACKGROHL/AIMS: Протеин, связанный с паратироидными гормонами (PTHrP), является одним из основных посредников гиперкальцемии у пациентов, страдающих злоумышленностью; однако понимание гиперкальцемии с помощью PTHrP остается ограниченным, поскольку имеющиеся данные в значительной степени получены из небольших рядов дел. МЕТОДЫ: Мы ретроспективно проанализировали электронные медицинские записи восьми больниц, связанных с Католическим университетом Кореи. Взрослые пациенты (> 20 лет) с подтвержденной злокачественной и скорректированной на альбумин гиперкальцемией (≥ 10,5 мг/дл) в период с 2013 по

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with long-standing chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A case report.

The synchronous occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is rare and poses diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing metastatic thyroid disease from hematological lymphadenopathy. The present report documents the case of a 64-year-old female patient with long-standing CLL who presented with a malignant thyroid nodule accompanied by multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. A diagnosis was established through integrated immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and multimodal imaging. After the diagnosis of synchronous PTC and CLL/SLL was confi

New insights into the phenomenon of remissions and relapses in autoimmune diseases and the puzzle of benign autoantibodies in healthy individuals.

The onset and relapse of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are triggered by autoimmune attacks on target tissues. However, symptoms are unlikely to appear if damaged cells are rapidly replaced. Addressing the implications of this premise, the present work examines the balance between target tissue destruction and recovery rates as a key factor in the mechanisms of remissions and relapses in AIDs. The theory, supported by published clinical data, suggests that remissions are improbable in AIDs characterized by slow target tissue recovery. Conversely, a high recovery rate is a necessary (though not suf

Неврология Андрогенса и Андродогенных добавок.

ЦЕЛЬ ОБЗОРА: В этой статье рассматривается сложная взаимосвязь между индрогенами, индрогенными рецепторами и центральной нервной системой. Мы изучаем роль физиологически производных ирогенов и андрогенных добавок в нейроразвитии и нейропластике и вникаем в участие индрогенных путей в патогенезе различных неврологических расстройств. ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ВЫВОДЫ: В настоящем обзоре обращается внимание на растущее признание тестостеронного и индрогенного сигналов в различных неврологических условиях, при этом имеются свидетельства как защитного, так и вредного воздействия в зависимости от дозы и контекста.

Severe Headache and Deterioration of Vision in Left Eye in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Revealing a Brown Tumor of Sphenoid Sinus.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Brown tumors are rare bone lesions associated with hyperparathyroidism, particularly secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), in chronic renal failure. While brown tumors commonly affect bones rich in marrow, the involvement of the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare and can present with neurological symptoms. This study reports a case of a sphenoid sinus brown tumor in a patient on hemodialysis, highlighting its clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. METHODS: A 31-year-old woman undergoing chronic hemodialysis presented with a severe headache, diplopia, and progres

Human Cancers Derived from Either Genetic or Lifestyle Factors Are Initiated by Impaired Estrogen Signaling.

BackgroundGenetic studies have found that a germline BRCA1 gene mutation is the origin of highly increased cancer risk. Clinical studies have suggested that increased cancer risk in type-2 diabetes may be attributed to unhealthy lifestyle factors and bad habits.PurposePatients with either BRCA1 gene mutation or type-2 diabetes similarly exhibit increased cancer risk, insulin resistance, and fertility disorders. It was suggested that these three alterations derive from a common genomic failure, and its recognition may shed light on the unsolved secret of cancer.Results(1) Germline mutations on