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YKL-40-A Protein in the Field of Translational Medicine: A Role as a Biomarker in Cancer Patients?

YKL-40 is a 40 kDa glycoprotein produced by cancer cells, inflammatory cells and stem cells. It probably has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammation, protection against apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and regulation of extracellular tissue remodelling. Plasma levels of YKL-40 are often elevated in patients with localized or advanced cancer compared to age-matched healthy subjects. Several studies have demonstrated that high plasma YKL-40 is an independent prognostic biomarker of short survival in patients with different types of cancer. However, there is not yet

STAT3 pathway in cancers: Past, present, and future.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT family, discovered in the cytoplasm of almost all types of mammalian cells, plays a significant role in biological functions. The duration of STAT3 activation in normal tissues is a transient event and is strictly regulated. However, in cancer tissues, STAT3 is activated in an aberrant manner and is induced by certain cytokines. The continuous activation of STAT3 regulates the expression of downstream proteins associated with the formation, progression, and metastasis of cancers. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms o

The Impact of Immune System in Regulating Bone Metastasis Formation by Osteotropic Tumors.

Bone metastases are frequent and debilitating consequence for many tumors, such as breast, lung, prostate, and kidney cancer. Many studies report the importance of the immune system in the pathogenesis of bone metastasis. Indeed, bone and immune system are strictly linked to each other because bone regulates the hematopoietic stem cells from which all cells of the immune system derive, and many immunoregulatory cytokines influence the fate of bone cells. Furthermore, both cytokines and factors produced by immune and bone cells promote the growth of tumor cells in bone, contributing to supporti

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence.

Mesenchymal stem cells form a population of self-renewing, multipotent cells that can be isolated from several tissues. Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of exogenous MSC could prevent renal injury and could promote renal recovery through a series of complex mechanisms, in particular via immunomodulation of the immune system and release of paracrine factors and microvesicles. Due to their therapeutic potentials, MSC are being evaluated as a possible player in treatment of human kidney disease, and an increasing number of clinical trials to assess the safety

Bridging the Gap in AL and ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis: Integrating Histopathology, Biomarkers, and Multimodal Imaging for Subtype-Specific Diagnosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) represents an increasingly recognized but historically underdiagnosed cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. CA is now understood to be more prevalent, particularly in older adults, as advancements in imaging and biomarker technologies have improved detection. The disease results from the misfolding of precursor proteins, primarily immunoglobulin light chains (in light chain (AL) amyloidosis) or transthyretin (in transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis), into insoluble fibrils that deposit in myocardial tissue. These deposits cause structural and functional ca

Exogenous Heat Shock Proteins in Oncology: Biological Roles and Clinical Implications.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), particularly HSP70 and HSP90, are highly conserved molecular chaperones that protect cells from a wide range of stressors and maintain proteome homeostasis. In cancer, tumor cells frequently overexpress and actively release HSPs into the extracellular space and circulation in response to metabolic alterations, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and therapeutic interventions. Consequently, circulating HSP levels are often elevated in patients with malignancies compared with healthy individuals. This review summarizes current evidence on the diagnostic, prognostic, and predic

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Angiogenesis and Invasion The invasion is based on the interaction between eHSP90α and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). … metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) [ 98 ]. …

Growth differentiation factor-15 may be a novel biomarker in pancreatic cancer: A review.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant and invasive gastrointestinal tumor that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Currently, carbohydrate antigen199(CA199) is the only biomarker approved by the FDA for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, but it has great limitations. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is expected to be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis, efficacy prediction, and prognosis assessment of pancreatic cancer patients. In this paper, we searched the keywords GDF-15, macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), CA199, pancreatic c

Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods.

The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to

Биоразлагаемые и стимульно-реагирующие наноматериалы для адресной доставки лекарств в аутоиммунных заболеваниях.

Аутоиммунные заболевания создают сложные терапевтические проблемы из-за их хронического характера, системного воздействия и требования к точному иммунодуляции во избежание негативных побочных эффектов. Недавние достижения в области биоразлагаемых и стимулирующих наноматериалов открыли новые возможности для адресных систем доставки наркотиков, способных решать эти проблемы. Этот обзор содержит всеобъемлющий анализ современных биоразлагаемых нанокарьеров, таких, как полимерные наночастицы, липосомы и гидрогели, разработанные для целевой доставки в аутоиммунную терапию. Эти наноматериалы предназн

Therapeutic targets for bone metastases in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is prone to metastasize to bone. Once metastatic cells are in the bone marrow, they do not, on their own, destroy bone. Instead, they alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming cells (osteoblasts), resulting in skeletal complications that cause pathological fractures and pain. In this review, we describe promising molecular bone-targeted therapies that have arisen from recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of breast cancer bone metastases. These therapies target osteoclasts (receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand, integrin αvβ3

Drug Repurposing of Selected Antibiotics: An Emerging Approach in Cancer Drug Discovery.

Drug repurposing is a method of investigating new therapeutic applications for previously approved medications. This repurposing approach to "old" medications is now highly efficient, simple to arrange, and cost-effective and poses little risk of failure in treating a variety of disorders, including cancer. Drug repurposing for cancer therapy is currently a key topic of study. It is a way of exploring recent therapeutic applications for already-existing drugs. Theoretically, the repurposing strategy has various advantages over the recognized challenges of creating new molecular entities, inclu

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Insights Into Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Implications.

Radiation therapy is a fundamental component of cancer treatment, benefiting 50%-70% of patients by selectively targeting malignant tissues. However, radioresistance remains a significant challenge, often driven by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases cancer invasiveness and metastasis by upregulating mesenchymal markers, including vimentin and N-cadherin, and downregulating epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin. EMT under radiation involves principal signaling pathways, including TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and ERK, which regulate EMT through transcription factors such as

Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia: finding the balance.

Calcium metabolism in cancer and hypercalcaemia of malignancyThe balance between bone formation and resorption may be disrupted in patients with cancer, leading either to increased bone resorption, calcium release, and possibly hypercalcaemia, or to increased bone formation, sequestration of calcium, and possibly hypocalcaemia. In adults, hypercalcaemia of malignancy is most common in patients with tumours that produce factors that induce osteoclast activation and enhance bone resorption. Impaired renal function and increased renal tubular calcium resorption may further affect calcium levels.T

Понимание и решение проблемы сопротивления иммуномодуляционным соединениям IMID в множестве миеломы.

Лекарственные средства иммуномодулирования (ИМИД), включая линалидомид и помалидомид в сочетании с протеаозными ингибиторами, дексаметазоном и антиCD38 моноклональными антителами, играют центральную роль в лечении множественной миеломы (ММ) на новых диагностированных и рецидивированных этапах. Эти методы лечения значительно улучшили результаты лечения пациентов во всем мире, в результате чего IMID стали одной из опор MM-терапии. В настоящее время разрабатывается новое поколение более мощных соединений, называемых лигами-модуляторами цереблиона Е3 (CELMODs), которые могут заменить старые IMID.

Exploring The Role of TOP2A in the Intersection of Pathogenic Mechanisms Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Based on Bioinformatics.

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) share a common pathogenic mechanism, but the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Our study aims at exploring the genetic-level pathogenic mechanism of these two diseases.MethodsWe carried out bioinformatics analysis on the GSE55235 and GSE213001 datasets. Machine learning was employed to identify candidate genes, which were further verified using the GSE92592 and GSE89408 datasets, as well as quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of TOP2A in RA and IPF in vitro models were confirmed using West

Oncolytic viruses on the cusp of success?: proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Oncolytic Virus Therapeutics

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Zoledronic acid in the management of metastatic bone disease.

Many patients with advanced cancer experience decreased bone strength due to metastatic foci, underlying osteoporosis and/or cancer treatment induced bone loss. The clinical consequences of metastatic disease involving the skeleton are widespread. This review focuses on the efficacy, pharmacology, and safety when using intravenous biphosphonate such a zoledronic acid for cancer bone metastases. Zoledronic acid is the gold standard for the medical management of metastatic bone disease. The indications for treatment include prevention of skeletal relevant events (SRE), osteoporotic complications

Tumor Vaccines: Unleashing the Power of the Immune System to Fight Cancer.

This comprehensive review delves into the rapidly evolving arena of cancer vaccines. Initially, we examine the intricate constitution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), a dynamic factor that significantly influences tumor heterogeneity. Current research trends focusing on harnessing the TME for effective tumor vaccine treatments are also discussed. We then provide a detailed overview of the current state of research concerning tumor immunity and the mechanisms of tumor vaccines, describing the complex immunological processes involved. Furthermore, we conduct an exhaustive analysis of the con

The Controversial Role of IL-33 in Lung Cancer.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, and its structure is similar to IL-18. When cells are damaged or undergo necrosis, mature form of IL-33 is secreted as a cytokine, which can activate the immune system and provide danger signals. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway is composed of IL-33, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-33 has been reported to be strongly associated with lung cancer progression, and can exhibit opposite effects on lung cancer under different conditions. In this review, we have summarized the s

Optimizing Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Active and Passive Drug Delivery Strategies.

Nanocarriers as powerful tools for delivering drugs to tumors provide new strategies for cancer treatment. These delivery systems encompass a diverse variety of structures, including polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, and inorganic NPs such as gold and silica. Each type exhibits distinct physicochemical advantages that contribute to stability, drug-loading capacity, and targeting efficacy. Engineered nanocarriers can be utilized for the active targeting of tumor-specific receptors or for passive targeting of tumors via the enhanced permeability (EPR) and retention