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Dengue virus seroprevalence among febrile patients in Bamako, Mali: results of a 2006 surveillance study.

BACKGROUND: Dengue viruses (DENV) are endemic in over 100 countries worldwide, and annually 50 to 100 million people are infected by one of … amples, and a subset was tested using the plaque-reduction neutralization test against the DENV and yellow fever virus (YFV). Samples collected during the acute infection (0-5 days postonset of symptoms) were tested for dengue NS1 antigen and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for Flaviviruses, Alphaviruses, and Bunyaviruses RNA. A total of 87 (93 …

In vivo and in vitro activity of venom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

The biological activity of venom from Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was examined in vivo toward larvae and pupae of Gal … tured cells derived from the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culcidae). Though both cell types displayed similar susceptibility in terms of LC50s, the lepidopteran cells responded much more rapidly with regard to the onset of morphological changes and the timing of cell …

Development of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays to detect and serotype dengue viruses.

Serotyping dengue virus (DENV) from suspect human specimens is crucial for developing sound epidemiological control measurements early in th … dentification. Three sets of amplimers and probes were verified for their specificity in tests with yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile viruses; optimized against 109 DENV strains; and validated for detection of the virus in sera from two different panels of acute-phase human dengue serum specimens and one panel of virus …

Influence of patient symptoms and physical findings on general practitioners' treatment of respiratory tract infections: a direct observation study.

BACKGROUND: The high rate of antibiotic prescriptions general practitioners (GPs) make for respiratory tract infections (RTI) are often explained by non-medical reasons e.g. an effort to meet patient expectations. Additionally, it is known that GPs to some extent believe in the necessity of antibiotic treatment in patients with assumed bacterial infections and therefore attempt to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections by history taking and physical examination. The influence of patient complaints and physical examination findings on GPs' prescribing behaviour was mostly investigat

Homeopathy and naturopathy: practice characteristics and pediatric care.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the practice characteristics and pediatric care of homeopathic practitioners (HPs) and naturopathic doctors (NDs). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive survey. SETTING: Homeopathic and naturopathic practices in Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Homeopathic practitioners (N = 42) and NDs (N = 23) identified from the yellow pages, regional and national society membership lists, schools, magazine advertisements, and by word-of-mouth. The response rate was 55% (23/42) for HPs and 65% (15/23) for NDs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, practice characteristics, fee structure

Aboriginal new world epidemiolgy and medical care, and the impact of Old World disease imports.

Various workers, including T. D. Stewart, claim that the aboriginal Americas were relatively disease-free because of the bering Strait cold- … is and typhus. Accordingly, virtually all the "crowd-type" ecopathogenic diseases such as smallpox, yellow fever, typhoid, malaria, measles, pertussis, polio, etc., appear to have been absent from the New World, and were only brought in by White conquerors and their Black slaves. My hypothesis is that native American medical care systems--especially in the mor …

Seed oil of Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don. demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental rodent models through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced expression of Nrf2.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: The seed of the African cherry, Chrysophyllum albidum is well-known for its use in ethnomedicine for malaria, yellow fever, stomach ache and inflammatory disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Chrysophyllum albidum Seed Oil (CASO) in rodent models of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phytochemical profile of n-hexane seed oil from C. albidum was determined via GC-MS following Soxhlet extraction. Anti-inflammatory…

Emergence and phylogeography of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in Southeastern Iran.

BACKGROUND: Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Its recent detection in southeastern Iran raises public health concerns about arbovirus spread to new regions. This study provides the first genetic and phylogeographic analysis of Ae. aegypti populations from Sistan and Baluchistan Province (SBP), Iran, to infer their origin and invasion pathways. METHODS: Mitochondrial COI and ND4 genes were analysed in newly collected Ae. aegypti specimens from border areas, ports, and urban centres of SBP. Haplotype network analys…

Humoral and cellular responses to a tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) in adults from a dengue non-endemic region: An open-label phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are associated with protection against dengue. In this study, we assessed the … RNAemia, and safety. Flavivirus seronegative participants had no previous flavivirus (dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile virus) exposure, determined by serological testing. Dengue seropositive participants were seropositive for DENV-1 or DENV-3 at baseline. RESULTS: TAK-003 induced neutralising antibodies across all DENV serotypes by …

Nigeria's post-COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing ambitions: Opportunities and regional implications.

BACKGROUND: Global health emergencies consistently expose and exacerbate vaccine inequities, with high-income countries prioritising their populations and leaving low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) facing delays and shortages. Diseases primarily affecting LMICs receive limited attention from global vaccine developers because of perceived low market value and limited financial return, further entrenching these disparities. Africa's limited investment in vaccine manufacturing has heightened its vulnerability during outbreaks, including yellow fever, Ebola, meningococcal meningitis, mpox, a…

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN TAIF AND JEDDAH GOVERNORATES, SAUDI ARABIA.

With their diverse species, mosquitoes are known to transmit the causal agents of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever. Their high adaptability, attraction to humans, and variable adult behaviors make them a significant health concern. The focus on Aedes aegypti is significant for reducing vector-human contacts, monitoring insecticide resistance, and developing innovative vector management strategies. Given the scarcity of studies on Ae. aegypti in the western region of Saudi Arabia, this research is a significant step forward. The study aims to analyze the genetic variations and…

Sulfasalazine-double stranded ribonucleic acid nanoparticle for controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, which threaten over half the world's population. Therefore, new techniques are needed to control vector mosquitoes. The present study aimed to control female Ae. aegypti by targeting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and ecdysone receptor (EcR), which could potentially disrupt egg development, using sulfasalazine (SSZ)-double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS: The SSZ-dsRNA NPs are characterized by light microscopy, field emission scanning electron micro…

Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arboviruses including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika. Beyond arboviruses, Aedes aegypti harbours insect-specific viruses (ISVs), which can modulate mosquito's ability to transmit diseases by interfering with viral processes and triggering immune responses. Both arboviruses and ISVs can be transmitted vertically, where viruses are passed from parent to offspring. The lack of systematic molecular and entomological surveillance, has left the diversity of viruses in local Aedes aegypti populations largely unexplored. This study aimed to chara…

Clinical, laboratory features and treatment outcomes of patients infected with Fasciola in Northern Vietnam, 2019-2023.

BACKGROUND: Vietnam experiences a significant occurrence of fascioliasis infection, largely due to the common practice of consuming raw vegetables. Diagnosing the fascioliasis infection remains difficult, and patients endure various long-term consequences. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and laboratory features, along with the treatment approaches for fascioliasis patients in Vietnam. METHODS: The study included 31 patients diagnosed with fascioliasis in Northern Vietnam between 2019 and 2023. Blood ELISA testing, fresh stool microscopy, ultrasonography, and magnetic res

Monitoring Dengue Virus in Aedes aegypti to Improve Dengue Surveillance and Control in Puerto Rico.

Aedes aegypti is the primary urban vector for several important arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Traditional dengue virus (DENV) surveillance relies on passive reporting of human cases, which often underestimates transmission due to asymptomatic or unreported infections. This study evaluated the utility of monitoring DENV in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to improve detection of local dengue transmission and inform vector control strategies during the 2024 dengue epidemic in Puerto Rico. Mosquito surveillance was conducted in 15 neighborhoods within the San J…

Advancing local manufacturing capacities for vaccines within Africa - Opportunities, priorities and challenges.

Our viewpoint focuses on the paradox that Africa represents 25 % of total global vaccine usage, yet 99 % of these vaccines are manufactured … men, the top 5 priority vaccines identified for local manufacturing in Africa were measles-rubella, yellow fever, cholera, rotavirus, and meningococcal vaccines. Enablers identified for Africa's vaccine manufacturing initiatives include: a preferential procurement of African-made vaccines for sustainable and reliable volumes through GAVI and UNICEF; deal prepa …

Prioritization of future new vaccines introduction: The experience of the Ethiopian National Immunization Technical Advisory Group.

BACKGROUND: As Ethiopia faces growing demands to introduce new vaccines amid constrained resources and declining donor support, evidence-bas … ations considered existing programmatic constraints, such as upcoming introductions (e.g., malaria, yellow fever, hepatitis B birth dose) and supplementary campaigns. ENITAG also emphasized strengthening its secretariat, improving data systems, and integrating community perspectives in future prioritization efforts. CONCLUSION: This exercise marks a pivotal s …

Hepatitis E outbreak in the health district of Bocaranga-Koui, Central African Republic, 2018-2019.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health disease causing large outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. We investigated an outbreak of HEV infection that occurred in September 2018 in the health district (HD) of Bocaranga-Koui, located in the northwestern part of Central African Republic (CAR). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 352 patients aged 0-85 years suspected to be infected with yellow fever (YF), according to the World Health Organization YF case definition. The notification forms from recorded cases were used. Water consumed in the HD were also co…

Activation of innate immunity selectively compromises mitochondrial complex I, proline oxidation, and flight activity in the major arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti females are natural vectors of important arboviruses such as dengue, zika, and yellow fever. Mosquitoes activate innate immune response signaling pathways upon infection, as a resistance mechanism to fight pathogens and limit their propagation. Despite the beneficial effects of immune activation for insect vectors, phenotypic costs ultimately affect their fitness. However, the underlying mechanisms that mediate these fitness costs remain poorly understood. Given the high energy required to mount a proper immune response, we hypothesized that systemic activation of innate immunity…

Толкание в Ларвале повышает нагрузку на вирус денге в Эдесе-эггипти, что может увеличить передачу в городской среде.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Изменение климата и урбанизация изменят глобальное распределение переносчиков болезней, изменяя тем не менее непредсказуемым образом бремя заболеваний. Aedes aegypti — комаровый комар, который занимается передачей вирусов денге, зика, чикунгунья и желтой лихорадки, которые образуются в контейнерах, связанных с городской средой. Мы пытались понять, как температура окружающей среды и плотность личинок на незрелых водных фазах определяют особенности жизни взрослого человека, а вирус денге влияет на период после заражения. Мы предсказывали, что толпа личинок и высокая темпер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Climate change and urbanization will alter the global distribution of disease vectors, changing the disease burden in yet unpredictable ways. Aedes aegypti is a mosquito responsible for transmitting dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses that breeds in containers associated with urban environments. We sought to understand how ambient…