Результаты поиска

Antifungal Management in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: From Primary Prophylaxis to Empirical and Diagnosis-Driven Treatment

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with hematological malignancies, especially those undergoing intensive chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This text provides a comprehensive risk-adapted framework for antifungal prophylaxis, stratifying patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk categories. Mold-active prophylaxis, primarily with posaconazole, is recommended for high-risk patients such as those with acute myeloid leukemia during remission induction or those with grade III-IV graft-versus-host

Safety and effects of two mistletoe preparations on production of Interleukin-6 and other immune parameters - a placebo controlled clinical trial in healthy subjects.

BackgroundIn Germany, Iscucin® Populi (IP), a preparation from mistletoe growing on the poplar tree, is used in cancer therapy while Viscum Mali e planta tota (VM), a preparation from mistletoe growing on the apple tree, is used in patients with osteoarthritis. Since mistletoe preparations are suspected to induce production of potentially tumor promoting cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6, further studies on the immunological effects are of interest.MethodsIn this 3-armed randomized, double blind clinical trial healthy volunteers received increasing doses of either IP (strength F, 0.0125%, G, 0

Pneumonia in Transplant Recipients: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis and Management.

Transplant recipients have an increased risk of complications, including graft dysfunction and infections, which can be life-threatening if not recognized early. Pneumonia ranks as one of the most frequent complications in both solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Clinical symptoms manifest late during infections in immunocompromised patients. An aggressive approach centered on early confirmatory diagnosis and a low threshold for empiric therapy is often the most effective strategy. The isolation of a pathogen in an upper airway sample does not necessarily mean the same organis

Relapsing polychondritis: tracheobronchial involvement and differential diagnoses.

This review is describing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to tracheobronchial involvement in relapsing polychondritis (RP), with a focus on differential diagnoses of inflammatory origin. RP is a systemic auto-immune disease that mainly affects cartilage structures, progressing through inflammatory flare-ups between phases of remission and ultimately leading to deformation of the involved cartilages. Besides the damage of auricular or nasal cartilage, tracheobronchial and cardiac involvement are the most severe, and can seriously alter the prognosis. Tracheobronchial lesions are assesse

Next-generation sequencing: advances and applications in cancer diagnosis.

Technological advances have led to the introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms in cancer investigation. NGS allows massive parallel sequencing that affords maximal tumor genomic assessment. NGS approaches are different, and concern DNA and RNA analysis. DNA sequencing includes whole-genome, whole-exome, and targeted sequencing, which focuses on a selection of genes of interest for a specific disease. RNA sequencing facilitates the detection of alternative gene-spliced transcripts, posttranscriptional modifications, gene fusion, mutations/single-nucleotide polymorphisms, smal

Текстурный анализ и искусственный интеллект как инструменты поддержки решений в диагностике множественного склероза - систематический обзор.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Магнитная резонансная визуализация (MRI) обычно используется для обнаружения и диагностики множественных склерозов (MS), часто дополняемых поясничными проколами - очень инвазивным методом для подтверждения диагноза. Кроме того, МРТ периодически повторяется для контроля за развитием и эффективностью лечения заболеваний. В ходе недавних исследований основное внимание уделялось применению искусственного интеллекта (АИ) и радиомики при обработке медицинских изображений, диагностике и планировании лечения. МЕТОДЫ: Был проведен обзор существующей литературы с анализом использования моделей

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… To improve generalization of the model and robustness against overfitting in small samples the RF model was designed to combine the results of a multitude of independent and decorrelated decision trees in the training process. …

Investigating key genes and molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer and coronary heart disease through transcriptomics and experimental validation.

BackgroundProstate cancer (PC), a common male urogenital malignancy, and coronary heart disease (CHD), a cardiovascular disease from coronary lesions causing myocardial ischemia, interact in comorbidity. This study integrated their transcriptome data to reveal comorbid mechanisms and develop cross-disease targets.MethodsIn this research, candidate genes were derived from differential analysis and intersection analysis. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms were integrated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessment and expression confirmation to identify key genes. Nomogr

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Multiple training subsets were generated through repeated random sampling of the original dataset, and multiple decision trees were trained on each subset. Genes with importance scores exceeding 2 were ultimately selected and designated as RF1 (PC) and RF2 (CHD), respectively. …

Оценка понижательного риска при множественном склерозе с использованием результатов, о которых сообщают пациенты, и износимых показателей походок.

Падение людей с множественным склерозом (pwMS) ведет к заболеваемости и расходам. ЦЕЛЬ: Определение клинических параметров, связанных с водопадами. МЕТОДЫ: Eighty-six PCMS завершены обследования осенних осадков, времяd 25-foot Пройдите (T25FW) и анализ движения с помощью устройств Clario Opal. Были разработаны модели логистической регрессии. Результаты: Средний возраст 54.5 годы (дальность 21-73), 62% (В тыс.53) были женщинами. Включена группа 58% с вращением50) и 42% с прогрессивным НР36). Лица, сообщившие о сокращении в прошлом году, были старше (средний возраст) 58 vs. 52.5, р = .03) и имел

Investigation and management of osteoporosis in aged trauma patients: a treatment algorithm adapted to the German guidelines for osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis-associated fractures are of increasing importance in trauma surgery. Systematic diagnostics and treatment of osteoporosis during a hospital stay, however, remain inadequate. Therefore, a specific algorithm for diagnosing and treating osteoporosis in trauma surgery patients was developed based on the DVO (German Osteology Society) guideline for osteoporosis from 2014. METHODS: In a first step, the individuals' age and risk profile for osteoporosis is identified considering specific fractures indicating osteoporosis and risk factors assessed by a specific questionnaire.

The impact of gut microbial signals on hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation in the bone marrow, which is tightly regulated by cues from the microenvironment. The gut microbiota, a dynamic community residing on the mucosal surface of vertebrates, plays a crucial role in maintaining host health. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota influences HSCs differentiation by modulating the bone marrow microenvironment through microbial products. This paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of the gut microbiota on hematopoiesis and its effect on HSCs fate and differentiation by modifying the b

Nurse Coaching in Oncology Care to Reduce Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Nurse coaching can reduce stress throughout the complex psychosocial process associated with the cancer journey, which affects numerous spheres, such as neurological, psychological, physical, and emotional ones. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to assess the extent of stress reduction among cancer care adopting nurse coaching interventions. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO with id no. CRD420261290368 and performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: the STEP study protocol for a multicentre, prospective, phase-II trial.

BackgroundSurgery is an important therapeutic option for brain metastases. Currently, postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRT) leads to 6-month and 1-year local control estimated at 70 and 62% respectively. However, there is an increased risk of radio-necrosis and leptomeningeal relapse. Preoperative SRT might be an alternative, providing local control remains at least equivalent. It is an innovative concept that could enable the stereotactic benefits to be retained with advantages over post-operative SRT.MethodsSTEP has been designed as a national, multicentre, open-label, prospective, n

Experiences of caregivers of children with spinal muscular atrophy participating in the expanded access program for nusinersen: a longitudinal qualitative study.

BackgroundExpanded access programs (EAPs) allow patients with serious, life-threatening conditions access to drugs prior to their formal approval. Despite the possible benefits for patients, EAPs present several challenges, including uncertainty regarding a drug's efficacy and safety as well as inequities regarding access to treatment. Although the number of EAPs is growing, the experience of patients participating in EAPs has not yet been studied. In Germany, an EAP for the treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) with nusinersen ran from December 2016 to May 2017). SMA is a rare, progressi

Refining risk prediction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia through DNA methylation profiling.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer in children, and despite considerable progress in treatment outcomes, relapses still pose significant risks of mortality and long-term complications. To address this challenge, we employed a supervised machine learning technique, specifically random survival forests, to predict the risk of relapse and mortality using array-based DNA methylation data from a cohort of 763 pediatric ALL patients treated in Nordic countries. The relapse risk predictor (RRP) was constructed based on 16 CpG sites, demonstrating c-indexes of 0.667 and 0.

Bone metastasis in colorectal cancer: Pathophysiology, prognostic factors, survival outcomes, and treatment strategies - A comprehensive review.

BackgroundColorectal cancer ranks as the third most prevalent cancer globally, with over 1.9 million new cases and 930,000 deaths in 2020. While the liver and lungs are the most common site of colorectal cancer metastases, bone metastasis is relatively rare but clinically significant. The rarity of bone metastasis in colorectal cancer, early diagnosis challenges, and the poorly understood mechanisms underlying bone metastasis have resulted in lesser research compared to other metastatic sites of colorectal cancer.ObjectiveThe goal of this review is to summarize pathophysiology, clinical presen

The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease.

The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and c

Is radioiodine necessary for patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy: a pooled analysis of ESTIMABL2 and IoN trials.

BackgroundThe clinical utility of postoperative radioiodine therapy in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains a subject of ongoing debate. Although radioiodine has been widely employed to reduce the risk of recurrence, its necessity in low-risk populations is increasingly questioned, given the favorable outcomes observed with surgery alone. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis exclusively based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of radioiodine therapy in this specific patient population.MethodsWe

KIF11 promotes rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by activating M1 macrophage polarization and promoting inflammatory cytokine secretion.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: KIF11, a mitotic kinesin, has been implicated in oncogenesis, but its specific role and mechanism in RA pathogenesis remain largely unexplored. We aim to explore functional role and molecular mechanism of KIF11 to promote RA progression. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was first performed on public RA datasets (GSE55457, GSE55235, GSE2053, GSE12021, and GSE1919) to identify KIF11-associated DEGs and their enriched pathways using GO/KEGG and GSEA analysis. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA was employed to knock down KIF11 expression in MH7A cells and M1-polarized macrophages

How we manage medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Bone-modifying agents (BMAs) are integral to managing patients with advanced cancer. They improve quality of survival by reducing skeletal-related events, treating hypercalcaemia and chemotherapy-induced bone loss (Coleman in Clin Cancer Res 12: 6243s-6249s, 2006), (Coleman in Ann Oncol 31: 1650-1663, 2020). Two decades ago, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was first reported following BMA therapy (Marx in J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61: 1115-1117, 2003). The risk of MRONJ extends over a decade following BMA treatment with bisphosphonates, complicating dental care such as extract

Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Annual Scientific Meeting 2018

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.