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[Current role of amiodarone in antiarrhythmic therapy].

Decades after its registration, amiodarone is still regarded as the most effective antiarrhythmic drug available for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias. Amiodarone is classified as a class III antiarrhythmic drug. In addition to the prolongation of cardiac repolarization, its leading pharmacologic features are sodium and calcium channel block, nonselective β-adrenergic inhibition as well as high lipophilicity and a very long plasma half-life. In patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, amiodarone is the most effective antiarrhythmic drug in maintaining sinus rhythm. Furthermore, it prevent

Ухудшение сетчатки дифференцирует эффект лечения при повторном склерозе ниже клинического порога.

ЦЕЛЬ: изучение вопроса о разбавлении сетчатого слоя в качестве биомаркера эффектов, связанных с модификацией заболеваний (ДМТ), при повторном склерозе (РМС). МЕТОДЫ: В рамках проводимого в настоящее время перспективного исследования мы включили пациентов с RMS, которые i) в течение 6-12 месяцев после начала работы DMT (исходное значение) провели оптическое сканирование в целях обеспечения согласованности (OCT) и ≥1 последующий OCT через ≥12 месяцев после перебазирования и ii) придерживались DMT в ходе последующей деятельности. На основе линейной регрессии с использованием смешанных эффектов бы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To investigate retinal layer thinning as a biomarker of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) effects in relapsing multiple sclerosis … s-inner plexiform-layer (GCIPL) were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression. Eyes suffering optic neuritis during follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: We included 291 RMS patients (mean age 30.8 years [SD 7.9], 72.9% female, median disease duration 9 months [range 6-94], median rebaseline-to-last-follow-up-interval 32 months [12-82]). Mean annualized rates …

Baseline retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as a predictor of multiple sclerosis progression: New insights from the FREEDOMS II study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim was to evaluate the potential of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) measured with optical coherence … a greater brain volume loss (percentage change -0.605% vs. -0.315%, p = 0.035) in patients without optic neuritis history. At month 24, low baseline RNFLT versus high baseline RNFLT was associated with a higher number of new or newly enlarged T2 lesions (mean number 4.0 vs. 2.8, p = 0.014) and a higher risk of subsequent RNFL thinning (hazard ratio 2.55; 95% co …

Long-Term Stability of Neuroaxonal Structure in Alemtuzumab-Treated Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience progressive thinning in optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of neuroaxonal structure regardless of optic neuritis history. Few prospective studies have investigated the effects of disease-modifying therapies on neuroaxonal degeneration in the retina. Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody shown to be superior to interferon β-1a in treating relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of alemtuzumab and first-line injectable treatments on OCT measures of neuroaxonal structure including perip…

Optical coherence tomography segmentation analysis in relapsing remitting versus progressive multiple sclerosis.

INTRODUCTION: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with retinal segmentation analysis is a valuable tool in assessing axonal loss and neuro-de … er nuclear layer (ONL) and EDSS (r = -0.554, p = 0.02) in PMS patients. In RRMS patients with prior optic neuritis, the GCIPL correlated negatively (r = -0.317; p = 0.046), while the photoreceptor layer (PR) correlated positively with EDSS (r = 0.478; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PMS exhibit more atrophy of both the inner and outer retinal layers than …

Visual pathway axonal loss in benign multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Benign multiple sclerosis (MS), traditionally defined as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤3 and ≥15-year disease d … cal MS eyes (-3.3 μm, P < 0.0001). Both groups had significant low-contrast acuity loss. History of optic neuritis (ON) was more frequent in benign MS (69% vs 33% of eyes). History of ON distinguished benign vs typical MS (P = 0.002) and correlated with RNFL thickness at baseline (P = 0.002) and disease duration (P = 0.03) but not EDSS (P = 0.32, logistic regres …

Diagnostic ability of a linear discriminant function for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE: To calculate and validate a linear discriminant function (LDF) for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to improve the diagnostic ability of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness parameters for the detection of multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 115) and age-matched healthy subjects (n = 115) were enrolled in the study. METHODS: The Spectralis OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to obtain the circumpapillary RNFL thickness in both eyes of each part

Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system in Behçet's disease.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 25 patients with Behçet's disease, of whom 15 had clinical involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain MRI was abnormal in 11/15 with and in 1/10 without CNS involvement. The most common sites of MR lesions were the cerebral white matter and brainstem. Lesions were also seen in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, optic nerves and spinal cord. The cerebral white matter lesions were always asymptomatic and usually small, whereas the brainstem lesions were often symptomatic and sometimes extensive. Follow-up MRI in 2 patients presenting with

Family Game Show-style Didactic for Teaching Nervous System Disorders during Emergency Medicine Training.

AUDIENCE: Emergency medicine residents and medical students. INTRODUCTION: The field of emergency medicine requires learners to build a vas … elated to emergency medicine: TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) contraindications/TPA eligibility, optic neuritis, botulism, giant cell (temporal) arteritis, viral encephalitis, neurocysticercosis, rabies, myasthenia gravis, neurosyphilis, status epilepticus, Bell's palsy, dementia vs. delirium, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barré); …

TRUE-MOGAD Score: A Novel Scoring System to Identify MOGAD Among Positive MOG-IgG Test Results.

OBJECTIVES: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (MOG-IgG) are a biomarker of MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Howev … value, 67.0%). The TRUE-MOGAD score included: Titers (MOG-IgG clear positive [+1 point]), Relapsing optic neuritis (≥3 [+1 point]), Under 18 years at onset [+1 point], Encephalitis phenotype (ADEM or cerebral cortical encephalitis at onset [+2 points]), MRI or other supportive features from 2023-MOGAD-criteria [+2 points], Oligoclonal bands in CSF [-2 points], G …

Anti-MOG IgG in EAE models clinical aspects of pediatric MOGAD.

INTRODUCTION: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a severe, autoantibody-mediated neuroinflamma … d-type littermates. Tg/+ mice developed monophasic circumferential longitudinal myelitis, bilateral optic neuritis, and multifocal brain inflammation. Innate immune cells in the CNS, including microglia, showed significant downregulation of surface FcγRII/III. This downregulation on microglia was accompanied by enhanced uptake of cells expressing MOG, suggesting …

Exploratory analysis of pupillography-based machine learning for assessing autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is mediated by autonomic pathways, offering a potential noninvasive biomarker for Multiple sclerosis (MS). Pupillography enables objective quantification of PLR dynamics. However, its diagnostic utility in MS remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an ML-based analytical framework applied to pupillographic features rather than automated diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 692 pupillographic images were obtained from 25 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) without optic neuritis (ON) and 38 age- and sex-…

Prolonged corticosteroid therapy and steroid-sparing maintenance immunotherapy lower relapse risk in pediatric and adult MOGAD.

BACKGROUND: Most existing literature on predictors of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) relapse predat … 47 [65.3 %] female; 30 [41.7 %] pediatric). Twenty-five (34.7 %) experienced at least one relapse. Optic neuritis was more common among adults (81 % vs. 56.7 %, p = 0.049), whereas acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was more frequent among pediatric patients (33.3 % vs. 2.4 %, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that corticosteroids ≥12 weeks (HR 0.298, …

Anterograde and trans-synaptic neurodegeneration in aquaporin-4-antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with a history of transverse myelitis.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with aquaporin-4-antibodies (AQP4-NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS with a high risk of visual, motor and sensory disability secondary to optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM) attacks. The degree of recovery is difficult to predict and may be affected by the extent of ensuing neurodegeneration. While neurodegeneration in AQP4-NMOSD is reported in the visual system after ON, its occurrence in patients with TM remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to use advanced MRI to cross-sectionally examine the sensory and mo…

External validation of the MOG-AR score for predicting post-attack relapse risk in a chinese cohort with MOGAD.

BACKGROUND: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) frequently follows a relapsing course, necessitating ear … groups. RESULTS: The cohort's median onset age was 27 years, with 51.6 % female and 78.3 % adults. Optic neuritis was the most common initial presentation (40.8 %), followed by transverse myelitis (14.0 %). During a median disease duration of 46 months, 87 patients (55.4 %) experienced at least one relapse. The MOG-AR score demonstrated a C-index of 0.72 (95 % …

Неврологические и нейрохирургические условия, в первую очередь связанные с офтальмологическими клиническими характеристиками: серия примеров.

ЦЕЛЬ: Мы представляем доклады four Уникальные неврологические случаи, которые изначально вызывали офтальмологические проявления. В первом случае: 36-year-old человек пришел с левой головной болью и изолированным третьим нервым параличом. Подробные расследования привели к обнаружению надклиноидной внутренней сонной артериальной аневризмы, что потребовало быстрого нейрохирургического вмешательства. Второе дело касалось: 74-year-old Человек с полным сползанием правой веки. Диагностика третьего нервного паралича привела к дальнейшим тестам, которые выявили множественные миэломы. Третье дело касало

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: We report four unique neurological cases that initially presented with ophthalmological manifestations. CASE SERIES: In the firs … ntravenous immunoglobulins. Lastly, the fourth case described an 8-year-old girl who presented with optic neuritis. A thorough ophthalmological evaluation led to the diagnosis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, enabling early treatment and significant improvement. DISCUSSION: These cases highlight the crucial role of ophthalmologists in identifying seve …

Окулярная токсичность целевой терапии и иммунотерапии гематологов.

Целенаправленная терапия и иммунная терапия изменили методы борьбы с гематологическими заболеваниями. Однако эти агенты могут также иметь непреднамеренные окулярные неблагоприятные последствия. Эти токсичные вещества часто недооцениваются, но могут существенно повлиять на качество жизни пациентов и на процесс принятия терапевтических решений. Всеобъемлющее понимание этих последствий имеет важное значение для междисциплинарного управления. В этом обзоре обобщаются имеющиеся в настоящее время данные об окулярной токсичности, связанной с современными целенаправленными и иммунными терапиями, испол

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Targeted therapies and immune-based treatments have transformed the management of hematologic malignancies. However, these agents can also r … cular complications. Immune checkpoint inhibitors caused inflammatory eye diseases such as uveitis, optic neuritis, and ocular myasthenia, consistent with immune-related adverse events. Certain antibody-drug conjugates, particularly those used in multiple myeloma, produced high rates of ocular surface disease that required dose modifications. While many adverse …

Predictors of relapse and disability in NMOSD, MOGAD, and double-seronegative demyelinating syndromes: an international multicenter retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This international multicenter retrospective cohort study investigated predictors of relapse, acute attack severity, and six-mon … was associated with poorer six-month recovery. No factor significantly predicted relapse. In MOGAD, optic neuritis at onset and early IVMP were associated with lower six-month disability and higher recovery rates, whereas post-IVMP corticosteroid tapering correlated with higher six-month disability. CSF pleocytosis correlated with favorable recovery. Higher EDSS …

Neuropsychologic impact of MOGAD: A patient reported outcomes study.

BACKGROUND: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central n … ULTS: ASQ (H(1)=3.77, p = 0.05) and VFQ-25 (H(1)=4.96, p = 0.03) scores were lower in patients with optic neuritis, while other phenotypes showed no PROM differences. No significant longitudinal changes were observed in any PROM. MOG-IgG titer and relapse status did not predict baseline scores. Patients receiving maintenance therapy had lower PROMIS10 Mental sco …