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Current status of lung transplantation.

Techniques and indications for single and bilateral lung transplantation have evolved significantly in the past several years. Lung transplantation has entered a new era in which transplantation can be achieved with the same degree of success as that achieved with other major organ transplants. Many problems, common to organ transplantation remain to be solved including availability of suitable donor organs, improved immunosuppressive regimens, and the ability to properly diagnose and effectively treat organ rejection.

Cancellous bone donor site regeneration.

Patients requiring cancellous bone grafting of an extensive deficit or multiple grafting procedures often lack a sufficient quantity of autogenous cancellous donor bone. This study was designed to determine the potential for reharvesting autogenous cancellous bone donor sites in a canine model. Fixed-sized cancellous bone grafts were harvested from the ilium of 12 mature, conditioned dogs. Ilia containing the donor sites were removed from groups of 3 dogs at intervals of 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The donor sites were evaluated by roentgenograms, histology, and histomorphometric

Cardiac transplantation.

Cardiac transplantation is now an accepted therapeutic procedure in the management of patients suffering from end-stage congestive heart failure. The advances in myocardial preservation, long-distance procurement, immunosuppression, improvement in the treatment of infectious diseases, and utilization of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of rejection have made its application widespread and resulted in improved survival.

Diseases potentially transmitted through corneal transplantation.

Transmission of donor disease to the corneal graft recipient appears to be a rare event. Nevertheless, the subject merits careful attention because of the broad spectrum of diseases these cases represent, the potential for transmission of other disorders, and the difficulties in diagnosis they pose. Infections, neoplastic diseases, and corneal disorders may be acquired by corneal transplantation. Very serious are viral infections, but only rabies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and hepatitis B have had documented transmission. Bacterial and fungal infections are a clear hazard to the graft. On rar

Long-term survivors of kidney transplantation, mortality, rehabilitation, and immunologic reactivities.

1. The overall patient and graft survival rates (83.6% and 82% respectively) up to 23 years posttransplant of the group who survived a minimum of 10 years is reasonably good regardless of the donor source. 2. The primary grafts that survived a minimum of 10 years and were lost during the subsequent 12 years (17.7%) were equally due to rejection and the death of the patient. 3. Rehabilitation of the long-term survivor has been very good. Cardiovascular disease is becoming a significant morbidity among pediatric-aged recipients reaching the thirties. 4. The causes of death after 10-year survival

Transplantation of the "presumptive" Peyer's patch of fetus or newborn mice under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic recipient.

Small fragments of caecum from fetus, newborn or several-day-old mice were transplanted under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic hosts. Transplants were derived from such a part of caecum at which in adult mice a Peyer's patch is always present (experimental group) or from such a part at which Peyer's patch is never located (control group). Donors were chosen from such early developmental stage at which Peyer's patches not yet been formed, hoping to observe Peyer's patch formation in transplants in view of possible influence of intestinal epithelium on a lymphocyte homing. After 10 to 150 d

Leveraging IGF signaling to improve the spatial organization and regenerative potential of iPSC-derived vascularized liver organoids.

Liver tissue engineering offers a promising alternative for end-stage liver disease, yet the recreation of functional vasculature remains a major bottleneck to clinical translation. Here, we developed vascularized liver organoids by integrating human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatoblasts and endothelial cells into decellularized scaffolds functionalized with an anti-CD31 aptamer-based vascular coating agent (VCA). This facilitated spatially coordinated organization of vasculature and parenchyma. Spatial transcriptomic profiling and subsequent functional perturbation demonst

Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine.

Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth fac

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… In general, stem cell therapy has grown to become an attractive option to reduce the overall need for tissue transplantation and minimize the waiting time for patients [ 4 ]. Numerous clinical studies have indicated that stem cell administration is a safe and promising therapeutic approach. …

Healing effects of a protein scaffold loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced vaginal injury in rats.

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer, the most common female cancer after breast cancer, is typically treated using radiotherapy. However, pelvic radiotherapy can cause irreversible damage to the vagina, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. In this study, protein scaffolds loaded with rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were implanted into irradiated tissue to assess their healing potential. METHODS: We established a rat model of radiation-induced vaginal injury. Complexes (consisting of protein scaffolds loaded with ADSCs) were implanted into injury sites. Histological analys

Of mice and men: teratomas and teratocarcinomas.

Teratomas and teratocarcinomas are tumors containing tissue derivatives of all three germ-layers. They can be induced by transplantation of animal embryos to ectopic microenvironment. Development of malignant teratocarcinomas depends on embryonic stage, species-specificity and immunological competence of the host. In the man, teratomas and teratocarcinomas usually represent a subtype of germ-cell tumors but sacrococcygeal teratomas arise from the remnants of the pluripotent primitive streak. Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are responsible for the malignancy of experimental mous

The effect of haematopoietic stem cell transplant on papules with 'pebbly' appearance in Hunter's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Hunter's syndrome is associated with several cutaneous findings. For instance, papules with 'pebbly' appearance are a specific marker for the disease. However, it remains uncertain whether they disappear after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the papules with 'pebbly' appearance before and after HSCT in infants with Hunter's syndrome, and to clarify the effect of HSCT on papules. PATIENTS: We observed five Japanese boys with Hunter's syndrome who had received HSCT at 4-11 years of age. RESULTS: The post-HSCT physical examinations revealed th

Stem cell transplantation and other novel techniques for promoting recovery from spinal cord injury.

A number of potential approaches aim to optimize functional recovery after spinal cord injury. They include minimizing the progression of secondary injury, manipulating the neuroinhibitory environment of the spinal cord, replacing lost tissue with transplanted cells or peripheral nerve grafts, remyelinating denuded axons, and maximizing the intrinsic regenerative potential of endogenous progenitor cells. We review the application of stem cell transplantation to the spinal cord, emphasizing the use of embryonic stem cells for remyelinating damaged axons. We speculate that harnessing the potenti

Mohs micrographic surgery as an alternative treatment method for cutaneous mucormycosis.

BACKGROUND: Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal disease that most commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Early angioinvasion and dissemination can lead to the rapid demise of the patient. The growing number of organ transplant patients on pharmacologic immunosuppression has increased the risk for this opportunistic mycosis. Traditional therapy has included aggressive debridement and resection as well as antifungal medications. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the margin control and tissue-sparing technique of Mohs micrographic surgery can effectively eradicate mucormycosis infection and

Effect of growth environment on spatial expression of involucrin by human epidermal keratinocytes.

Involucrin, the major protein precursor of the cornified envelope, is expressed during terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. In epidermis, the onset of synthesis is several layers above the basal layer, but in stratified cultures of keratinocytes on tissue culture plastic involucrin synthesis begins in the first suprabasal layer. To investigate the reason for this premature expression, the distribution of involucrin was studied in epidermis from different body sites, in organotypic cultures and in transplants of keratinocytes onto nude mice. We found that

Histomorphometric evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effect of preservation solutions histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate and University of Wisconsin in limb transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The effect of cold ischemia (CI) in vascularized composite allotransplantation is unknown. We herein assess tissue-specific damage, acceptable CI time, and the effect of preservation solutions in a syngenic rat hindlimb transplant model. METHODS: Lewis rat limbs were flushed and stored for 2, 10, or 30 hr CI in saline, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate or University of Wisconsin preservation solution before transplantation. Morphologic alterations, inflammation, and damage of the individual tissues were analyzed on day 10 using histomorphology, confocal, light, and transmission-e

Implication of hepatic stem cells in functional liver repopulation.

The liver has an enormous potential to restore the parenchymal tissue loss due to injury. This is accomplished by the proliferation of either the hepatocytes or liver progenitor cells in cases where massive damage prohibits hepatocytes from entering the proliferative response. Under debate is still whether hepatic stem cells are involved in liver tissue maintenance and regeneration or even whether they exist at all. The definition of an adult tissue-resident stem cell comprises basic functional stem cell criteria like the potential of self-renewal, multipotent, i.e. at least bipotent different

High clinical suspicion of donor-derived disease leads to timely recognition and early intervention to treat solid organ transplant-transmitted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

Despite careful donor screening, unexpected donor-derived infections continue to occur in organ transplant recipients (OTRs). Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is one such transplant-transmitted infection that in previous reports has resulted in a high mortality among the affected OTRs. We report a LCMV case cluster that occurred 3 weeks post-transplant in three OTRs who received allografts from a common organ donor in March 2013. Following confirmation of LCMV infection at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, immunosuppression was promptly reduced and ribavirin and/or intraveno