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Economic Burden and Cost Differences Between Branded and Generic Topical Antifungals in India.

INTRODUCTION: India's pharmaceutical market is characterized by a significant presence of both generic and branded drugs, particularly for common ailments such as superficial mycoses (SFMs), which pose a substantial public health and economic burden. Patients in tropical countries like India, which have common superficial mycoses, need prolonged treatment because of their recurrence rates after initial treatment and due to incomplete therapy. Given the high variability in drug pricing and the imperative for cost-effective healthcare, a pharmacoeconomic analysis comparing generic and branded to

Mobile Diary App Versus Paper-Based Diary Cards for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder: Economic Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The cost-effectiveness of using a mobile diary app as an adjunct in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in patients with borderline personality disorder is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to perform an economic evaluation of a mobile diary app compared with paper-based diary cards in DBT treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric outpatient facility. METHODS: This study was conducted alongside a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. The participants were recruited at 5 Danish psychiatric outpatient facilities and were randomized

Efficacy and cost analysis of intravenous conscious sedation for long oral surgery procedures.

The aim of this study was to determine what is considered a long oral surgery and conduct a cost-effective analysis of sedative agents used for intravenous sedation (IVS) and sedation protocols for such procedures. Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify human studies employing IVS for extractions and implant-related surgeries, between 2003 and July/2023. Sedation protocols and procedure lengths were documented. Sedative satisfaction, operator satisfaction, and sedation assessment were also recorded. Cost estimation was based on The British National Formulary (BNF). To assess

Cost-utility and budget impact analysis of adding-on apremilast to biologic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, an Iranian payer perspective.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with skin manifestations that affect the patients' quality of life negatively. The prevalence of psoriasis is approximately 2-3% worldwide and appears to be still on the increase. Due to the stigma problems, psoriasis has a significant effect on one's life that is often overlooked. The current study aimed to conduct the cost-utility evaluation and budget impact analysis of adding-on apremilast ahead of biologic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. The psoriatic patients who did not undergo th

Economic Burden among Patients with Vitiligo in the United States: A Retrospective Database Claims Study.

Patients with vitiligo incur direct and indirect costs associated with their condition; however, data regarding the economic burden of vitiligo are scarce and outdated. In this retrospective cohort analysis of the Merative MarketScan Commercial Database, healthcare costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) were evaluated among United States patients with vitiligo. Patients with vitiligo were matched (1:2) with individuals without vitiligo (controls) between January 2007 and December 2021. Outcomes included all-cause and vitiligo-related costs (2021 dollars) and all-cause HCRU, including

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of stress ulcer prophylaxis for critically ill patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic outcomes of drug options for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill and/or intensive care unit patients. Decision analytic modelling was used to compare the costs of stress ulcer prophylaxis and possible clinical outcomes [acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGB) and nosocomial pneumonia]. The regimens evaluated were: antacids, histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), sucralfate and no prophylaxis. The results of published studies were pooled to determine the expected probability of AUGB and nosocomial pneumonia following stres

Efficiency and productivity of Mongolian subnational public hospital systems, 2014-2023: annual DEA, global Malmquist and double-bootstrap analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mongolia must organise public hospital capacity across regions that differ greatly in population and geography. We reanalysed subnational hospital efficiency after methodological review, using an auditable production set and inferential procedures tailored to estimated frontier measures. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal study included 22 aggregated regional public hospital systems from 2014 to 2023 (220 region-years). Inputs were beds, physicians and mid-level personnel; desirable outputs were inpatient admissions, operations and outpatient visits. Annual input-oriented co

Health-Related Quality of Life and Utility Values in Chinese Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

OBJECTIVES: Despite the growing interest in cost-effectiveness analysis in China, evidence to support robust economic evaluation remains limited. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer and generate utility values for economic evaluations. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey in 20 hospitals across China from October 2022 to March 2024. Demographic characteristics, clinical details, and health-related quality of life data measured using EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), Short Form 6-Dimension (SF…

Real-World Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Honest, Open, Proud Programme for Self-Stigma Among Adults With Mental Illness: A Pragmatic, Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The stigma of mental illness is a key barrier to recovery, help-seeking and social inclusion of people with mental disorders. Faced with stigma and discrimination, many struggle with the decision whether to disclose their condition to others. Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) is a peer-led group programme that supports participants with disclosure decisions. This study examined HOP's real-world effectiveness to reduce self-stigma and to improve secondary clinical and social outcomes as well as its cost-effectiveness. METHODS: In this open-label, pragmatic parallel 2:1-randomised trial, we

Semaglutide for prevention of type 2 diabetes in women with postpartum prediabetes after gestational diabetes: protocol for a Belgian multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Women with postpartum pre-diabetes following gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at particularly high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While the implementation of effective lifestyle interventions in the early postpartum period is often difficult and has in general limited efficacy to prevent T2DM after GDM, effective preventive strategies, including medical therapies, are needed in this population. The 'semaglutide for the treatment of pre-diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes (SERENA) study' aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety and cost-effec

Remote symptom monitoring with patient-reported outcomes and nudges during lung cancer immunotherapy in China (PRO-NET): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprising the majority of cases. For advanced NSCLC, immunotherapy offers substantial survival benefits but is often accompanied by severe immune-related adverse events symptoms, significantly affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Routinely collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) followed by automated alerts has been shown to improve overall survival and HRQoL for cancers. However, there is limited evidence for PRO-based symptom monitoring on advanced

Optimizing Treatment for Depression in Primary Care Using Psychotherapy Versus Antidepressant Medication in a Low-Resource Setting: Protocol for the OptimizeD Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications are first-line treatments for depression, and they both have significant treatment … nd biological data to predict which treatment is most likely to achieve remission for each patient. Cost-effectiveness analysis will then assess whether the added costs of optimizing treatment are justified by improvements in remission, recovery, and cost savings at the health system and societal levels. Secondary and exploratory objectives include assessing the effectivenes …

Optimizing treatment for depression in primary care using psychotherapy versus antidepressant medication in a low-resource setting: protocol for the OptimizeD randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy and antidepressant medications are first-line treatments for depression, and they both have significant treatment … nd biological data to predict which treatment is most likely to achieve remission for each patient. Cost-effectiveness analysis will then assess whether the added costs of optimizing treatment are justified by improvements in remission, recovery, and cost savings at the health system and societal levels. Secondary and exploratory objectives include assessing the effectivenes …

Эффективность Leder Falls, онлайновая программа группового саморегулирования для людей с множественным склерозом: протокол случайного контролируемого испытания.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Меньшее число водопадов представляет собой ручную программу по предотвращению осенних осадков, разработанную совместно для лиц с множественным склерозом (PwMS) и без амбулаторного лечения (PwMS). Результаты технико-экономического обоснования указывают на необходимость проведения полномасштабного выборочного контролируемого испытания (КРП). МЕТОДЫ И АНАЛИЗ: Будет проведена параллельная группа по РТС с оценкой смешанных методов, а также оценка эффективности затрат. Мы намерены вербовать 240 PwMS, который будет стратифицирован на уровне амбулирования и случайным 1::1 в блоках eight к вм

Prehabilitative/rehabilitative exercise, nutrition, and psychological support for bladder cancer: A scoping review of randomized clinical trials.

The study of prehabilitation and rehabilitation ([p]rehabilitation) to alleviate the sequelae of bladder cancer and its treatment has genera … 71%) yielded statistically significant results for the outcome of interest. Only one RCT included a cost-effectiveness analysis, and only two characterized the efficacy of interventions for caregivers. Of 11 RCTs involving psychological support, eight yielded statistically significant results, as did nine of 11 RCTs with physical exercise interventions, three of four RCTs wi …

Extramedullary versus intramedullary fixation of unstable trochanteric femoral fractures (AO type 31-A2): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to compare extramedullary fixation and intramedullary fixation for AO type 31-A2 trochanter … mplete superiority of IM fixation for AO type 31-A2 fractures remains to be confirmed in a detailed cost-effectiveness analysis.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a combined lifestyle intervention compared with usual care for patients with early-stage knee osteoarthritis who are overweight (LITE): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is the most important modifiable risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Especially in an early stage of the disease, weight loss is important to prevent further clinical and structural progression. Since 2019, general practitioners (GPs) in the Netherlands can refer eligible patients to a combined lifestyle intervention (GLI) to promote physical activity, healthy nutrition and behavioural change. However, GPs scarcely refer patients with KOA to the GLI potentially due to a lack of evidence about the (cost-)effectiveness. The aim of this study is to determine the (cost

Health Economic Aspects of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapies for Hematological Cancers: Present and Future.

Since 2018, 2 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies received approval from the European Medicine Agency, with list prices around 320 000 Euro (€) (EUR) per treatment. These high prices raise concerns for patient access and the sustainability of healthcare systems. We aimed to estimate the costs and budget impact associated with CAR T-cell therapies for current and future indications in hematological cancers from 2019 to 2029. We focused on the former France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom (EU-5) and the Netherlands. We conducted a review of list prices, health technolo

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… Table 2 Overview of Cost-effectiveness Analysis Publications. …

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Alginate Microparticles Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Candida Infections.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most effective antifungal agents commonly used to treat this infection. However, it induces severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, cardiac alterations, nausea, fever, and liver damage. The utilization of drug delivery systems has been explored to overcome these limitations. Several AmB lipid formulations have been developed and are currently available in the market. Although they have the ability to reduce the main side effects of free AmB, their hig

Ambulatory oxygen for treatment of exertional hypoxaemia in pulmonary fibrosis (PFOX trial): a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung diseases are characterised by scarring of lung tissue that leads to reduced transfer of oxygen into the blood, decreased exercise capacity and premature death. Ambulatory oxygen therapy may be used to treat exertional oxyhaemoglobin desaturation, but there is little evidence to support its efficacy and there is wide variation in clinical practice. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ambulatory oxygen versus ambulatory air in people with fibrotic interstitial lung disease and exertional desaturation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A