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Maternal ozone exposure and differential cardiometabolic outcomes in aging male and female offspring.

Fetal development is a vulnerable life stage for exposure to environmental stressors. Gestational exposure to ozone (O3) has been shown to compromise fetal growth, predisposing offspring to increased risk of pulmonary and metabolic dysfunction later in life. However, the cardiovascular consequences of maternal O3 exposure on offspring health remain uncharacterized. Herein, pregnant Long-Evans rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm O3 for 4 h each day on gestation day (GD) 5 and 6. Following weaning, male and female offspring were monitored for cardiometabolic health for up to ∼5 months of age. Although

Vasomotor and fibrinolytic effects of leptin in man.

OBJECTIVES: The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear but may relate to effects on the vascular endothelium. Our aim was to explore the effects of leptin on endothelial vasomotor and fibrinolytic function in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary artery disease. DESIGN: The vascular effects of leptin were assessed infusing recombinant human leptin in healthy volunteers during measuring vasomotor response by venous occlusion plethysmography. Additionally, circulating le

Ibuprofen exposure interferes with the mitochondrial dynamics processes and affects lipid metabolism in the yellowstripe goby (Mugilogobius chulae).

Ibuprofen (IBU), a prevalent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is extensively utilized in medical practices. Especially since the popularity of COVID-19, its use has become more widespread, coupled with its low degradation rate and high environmental residues. Thus, more focus is warranted on the possible detrimental impacts on non-target organisms, as well as the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. The present study investigated the relationships and molecular mechanisms between hepatic mitochondrial dynamics processes and lipid metabolism in the yellowstripe goby (Mugilogobius chu

Temporal dynamics of IgG-mediated immunometabolic dysfunction: from acute obesity to chronic aging.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is traditionally recognized as a circulating immune effector; however, recent discoveries have revealed that IgG accumulates in adipose tissue-up to 16-fold above plasma levels-and functions as a critical mediator of metabolic dysfunction in obesity and aging. This review summarizes evidence showing that adipocyte IgG accumulation occurs via neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated uptake and directly competes with insulin for receptor binding through Fc-CH3 domain interactions. IgG initiates tissue-specific inflammatory responses. Functional outcomes depend on glycosylation

AEBP1 or ACLP, which is the key factor in inflammation and fibrosis?

Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) and Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP) are two protein isoforms produced by the AEBP1 gene. AEBP1, originally discovered in preadipocytes, functions as a transcriptional repressor and is involved in promoting inflammation, proliferation, and migration through various signaling pathways. ACLP is an extracellular matrix protein linked to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by defective connective tissue development. Structurally, AEBP1 and ACLP share many similarities, and both participate in critical physiological or pat…

Pictorial Review of Soft Tissue Lesions with Calcification.

Calcifications in soft tissue tumors present critical diagnostic challenges in musculoskeletal imaging. Their presence and morphology can provide key clues for differentiating benign from malignant lesions, influencing both prognosis and management strategies. This pictorial review aims to explore the imaging characteristics, patterns, and implications of soft tissue calcifications, with a focus on distinguishing between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors based on the World Health Organization classification. A systematic evaluation of imaging findings in various soft tissue tumor subtype

Defining the Stem Cell Niche in Developing Pericoronal Dental Follicles.

OBJECTIVE: The pericoronal dental follicle is a connective tissue structure encased in epithelium present around the developing tooth germ before erupting and emerging in the oral cavity. Stem cells from pericoronal follicles can be obtained and cultured under suitable conditions in vitro. This study builds upon our previous research, with the primary objective of identifying stem cell subpopulations in the oral cavity based on marker expression and differentiation potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) were obtained and cultured under standard cell culturing con

The Microenvironment in DCIS and Its Role in Disease Progression.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for ~20% of all breast cancer diagnoses but whilst known to be a precursor of invasive breast cancer (IBC), evidence suggests only one in six patients will ever progress. A key challenge is to distinguish between those lesions that will progress and those that will remain indolent. Molecular analyses of neoplastic epithelial cells have not identified consistent differences between lesions that progressed and those that did not, and this has focused attention on the tumour microenvironment (ME).The DCIS ME is unique, complex and dynamic. Myoepithelial ce

Epidemiology and clinicopathological features of soft tissue tumors in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue tumors (STTs) in adolescents are relatively rare, and their characteristics and behavior have not been well studied in this age group. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic patterns of STTs in adolescents aged 10-19 years according to the 2020 WHO classification. METHOD: A 10-year retrospective cross-sectional study of 632 surgical samples from adolescents was conducted at a tertiary health facility to determine the frequency, histological patterns and characteristics of STTs in this population. The data were analyzed via SPSS 23. RESULTS: STTs a

POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS: Polycystic ovary syndrome: the impact of androgen excess on metabolic health.

IN BRIEF: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterised by androgen excess, which drives not only reproductive dysfunction but also significant metabolic disturbances. This review outlines the mechanistic role of classical and 11-oxygenated androgens in tissue-specific metabolic dysfunction and their progression to the metabolic manifestations seen in women with PCOS. ABSTRACT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterised by androgen excess, reproductive dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. Beyond its reproductive implicati

Subcutaneous adipose tissue gene transcripts associated with progressive myosteatosis in persons with HIV.

OBJECTIVES: Skeletal muscle fat infiltration (myosteatosis) is a clinical condition distinct from visceral and hepatic lipid accumulation and contributes to metabolic dysregulation, sarcopenia, and frailty in people with HIV (PWH). Altered subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) function contributes to visceral fat deposition and hepatic steatosis, but there are few data on SAT gene expression and myosteatosis in PWH on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: A longitudinal analysis of 40 PWH on contemporary ART with sustained viral suppression to assess relationships between SAT gene trans

Key Considerations for Studying the Effects of High-Fat Diet on the Nulligravid Mouse Endometrium.

The obesity epidemic continues to increase, with half of US women predicted to be obese by 2030. Women with obesity are at increased risk for not only cardiovascular and liver disease, but also reproductive disorders. Although mouse models are useful in studying the effects of obesity, there is inconsistency in obesity-induction methods, diet composition, and mouse strains, and studies using female mice are limited. In this study, we sought to compare the effects of a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) versus a 60% HFD on the uterine estrous cycle of nulligravid C57BL/6J mice. For 22 weeks, we placed a t

Increased expression of IL-1β in adipose tissue in obesity influences the development of colon cancer by promoting inflammation.

Excess adiposity contributes to the development of colon carcinoma (CC). Interleukin (IL)-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine relevant in obesity-associated chronic inflammation and tumorigenic processes. We herein aimed to study how obesity and CC affects the expression of IL1B, and to determine the impact of IL-1β on the regulation of metabolic inflammation and gut barrier function in the context of obesity and CC. Samples from 71 volunteers were used in a case-control study and a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Furthermore, bariatric surgery was used to determine the effect of weight

Monascus red pigments alleviate high-fat and high-sugar diet-induced NAFLD in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites.

Monascus red pigments (MRP) may have benefits against NAFLD with an unclear mechanism. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of MRP supplementation against NAFLD through regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites. The C57BL/6 mice animals were randomly allocated into the normal diet (NC), HFHS diet-induced NAFLD model, and MRP intervention group fed with HFHS diet. Serum lipid profiles and liver function parameters were measured. Liver and colon histopathology analysis was conducted to determine the injury in the liver and colon. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze g

Mangiferin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome in rats by modulating insulin resistance, gut microbiota, and ovarian cell apoptosis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, prolonged anovulation and polycystic ovaries. However, there are no effective interventions to treat this disorder. As previously shown, mangiferin modulated the AMPK and NLRP3 signal pathways to alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In recent years, mangiferin has emerged as a promising drug candidate for treating metabolic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of mangiferin on a letrozole (LET) combined with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PCOS rat model thr

A site-specific phosphorylation in FSTL1 determines its promigratory role in wound healing.

Follistatin like-1 (FSTL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein of mesenchymal in origin. In human skin, FSTL1 is upregulated in the epidermal keratinocytes upon acute injury and is required for the migration of keratinocytes. Failure to upregulate FSTL1 leads to the lack of keratinocyte migration and the non-healing nature of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). FSTL1 undergoes extensive post-translational modification (PTM) at specific residues. Glycosylation at N144, N175 and N180, are the only experimentally demonstrated PTM in FSTL1, wherein, N180 and N144 glycosylations have been found to be critical for i

ACE2 Knockout Mice Are Resistant to High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in an Age-Dependent Manner.

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) presents pleiotropic actions. It hydrolyzes angiotensin I (AngI) and angiotensin II (AngII) into angiotensin-(1-9) (Ang-(1-9)) and angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), respectively, as well as participates in tryptophan uptake in the gut and in COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to investigate the metabolic effect of ACE2 deletion in young adults and elderly mice under conditions of high calorie intake. Male C57Bl/6 (WT) and ACE2-deficient (ACE2-/y) mice were analyzed at the age of 6 and 12 months under standard diet (StD) and high-fat diet (HFD). Under StD, ACE2-

Integrated lipidomics and network pharmacology analysis to determine how Gu Fu Sheng Capsule improves lipid metabolism in rats with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a prevalent refractory condition in orthopedics, often causing high disability rates. Gu Fu Sheng Capsule (GFSC) is commonly used to treat SONFH during the early and intermediate stages. However, the precise underlying mechanism of action of GFSC remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanism through which GFSC improves lipid metabolism in rats with SONFH. METHODS: A rat model of SONFH was established by administering methylprednisolone and lipopolysaccharide. Micro-computed tomography assessed femoral head effe

Investigating GABA Neuron-Specific Androgen Receptor Knockout in two Hyperandrogenic Models of PCOS.

Androgen excess is a hallmark feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common form of anovulatory infertility. Clinical and preclinical evidence links developmental or chronic exposure to hyperandrogenism with programming and evoking the reproductive and metabolic traits of PCOS. While critical androgen targets remain to be determined, central GABAergic neurons are postulated to be involved. Here, we tested the hypothesis that androgen signaling in GABAergic neurons is critical in PCOS pathogenesis in 2 well-characterized hyperandrogenic mouse models of PCOS. Using cre-lox transge

Терапевтический потенциал диметилФумарата для обработки высококалорийной/высокосортной диетологической ожиренией.

Ожирение характеризуется несбалансированностью между потреблением энергии и расходами, которая вызывает ненормальный рост жировых тканей. Диметилфумарат (ДМП) и его первичный активный метаболит монометилфумарат (ММФ) являются активаторами Nrf2 и признаны в качестве стратегических антиоксидантов. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить потенциал MMF и DMF в плане воздействия на адипогенез и ожирение, а также выявить соответствующие молекулярные механизмы. Предадипоциты 3T3-L1 были инкубированы с дифференциальной среды (MIX) и одновременно обработаны различными концентрациями MMF.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Obesity is characterized by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that triggers abnormal growth of adipose tissues. Dimethyl fu … erfere with adipogenesis and obesity, and identify the molecular mechanisms involved. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with differentiation medium (MIX) and simultaneously treated with different concentrations of MMF. In addition, male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) for 16 weeks, during the last 4 of which, …