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[Spread of Chinese variolation art to the western world and its influence].

Smallpox inoculation or variolation is a great invention of medicine in ancient China. In this paper, we introduced the process of spread of smallpox inoculation technique from China to western world (mainly to England), and reviewed the royal experiment of smallpox inoculation on human being and its influence on the prevention of smallpox in western countries. The spread and practice of smallpox inoculation in western world was an important event in the history of intercommunication between eastern and western medicines, which is worth emphasizing and further studying.

[The life and early achievements of Quan Shaoqing, a modern hygienist].

After graduation from the Peiyang Medical College in Tianjin, Quan Shaoqing went to Tibet, introducing modern medicine. At the same time introducing Tibet to the outside world in the form of photos. He was a medical professor of Tientsin Medical college in early time. He assisted Dr. Wu Lieneh to prevent the epidemic of plague in three northeastern provinces in 1910 ~ 1911. Later, he was in charge of the eradication of plague in Inner Mongolia and Shanxi in 1918 with distinguished achievements. As an influential modern Chinese hygienist, he attended international symposium on medicine hygiene.

[Dr. Tu Tsung-ming, a famous physician in Taiwan].

Dr. Tu had achieved great successes in the field of snake venom research in the middle of twenty-century in Taiwan. He ushered a new epoch in venomology from the epidemiological studies of the snake-bite to the chemical analysis of the venoms, from the venom harmful disadvantages to the venom beneficial advantages, and from the pharmacological research to the field of toxicological and biochemical research. He established a method for urine examination to detect the morphine residue. This method was then developed as a routine examination for excitant for athletics in later ages. Dr. Tu was th

[Research on the plague epidemic in Guangzhou (Canton) in 1894].

Early in the end of the 1870s, there were signs of local epidemic that occurred in the region of the end of Pearl River valley, most probably spread from the Beihai epidemic region through sea route. A severe epidemic of plague occurred in 1894 under the unusal dry and warm weather. However, the weather had nothing to do with the epidemic after the outbreak of the epidemic. Reports on the victims inside the city were focused in April to July, especially in May, first appeared in the regions inhabited by Muslin and Manchu centered in the whole area of western city and southern old city, where c

[Erosive-throat with rash (scarlet fever), an investigation on its brief history].

Being a kind of epidemic contagious disease in modern time, erosive-throat with rash was a fatal disease causing numerous victims. High attention was paid to by traditional medical professionals through various fields, theoretical and clinical. A correct conclusion was reached claiming that TCM did make contributions to its prevention and treatment before effective treatment in western medicine appeared in China.

[Time frame and reasons of Kangxi Emperor adopted variolation].

This paper is concerned with the time frame and the reasons why the Kangxi Emperor adopted variolation in the Qing Imperial family. The Manchus, especially the Qing Imperial family, lived in the fear of contracting smallpox. They took various strategies to protect themselves from smallpox. One of the most conspicuous methods was adopting variolation in royal family in the Kangxi reign. The purpose of this important action was to maintain the superiority of the Manchu minority and to reduce the mortality rate of smallpox in the Imperial family. In this paper, I would like to point out the time

[Medicine in Taiwan during the period of Japanese occupation].

During this period, malaria, pneumonia, dysentery and enteritis, and acute infectious diseases, including plague, typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, smallpox, infectious epidemic meningitis, malaria, tsutsugamushi and endemic diseases such as goitre were the important causes of death. In parasitology, the most important discovery was lung fluke, followed by research achievement in clinical and basic sciences. In Taiwan, studies on poisonous snake were proceeded rather early. The special medical system in this period included the Gynecological Hospital and medical insurance system. In the medic

[Introduction of Indian medicine into China in the Wei-Jin-Southern-Northern dynasties as interpreted by beriberi].

Since the sea route between China and all countries in the Western Region was unimpeded, many Buddhist monks came to China. Some of them settled in Lingnan Region. With them, Indian medicine was imported which greatly expanded the coverage of TCM. Some of the Northerners moved southward into Lingnan Region and contracted beriberi which were cured by Indian monks. The author explores the importation of Indian medcine through analysis of beriberi as an example.

[An outline of spreading of Western mediciine into Yantai in modern age].

At the turn of the last century, side by side with the infiltration of religious culture from Western countries, western medicine spread into Yantai. The religious force, headed by American Presbyterian Mission, carried out charitable activities in the process of preaching and laid down the foundation for western medicine rooted in Yantai by establishing schools, education and training followers. They cultivated local physicians by first setting up clinics which had later transformed into hospitals. These are their major measures for building bases for spreading Christianity by foreigners. The

[Spreading of Christianity and western medicine into Henan Province].

After the Opium war, the aggressors, under the mask of missionaries, came to China by making use of western medicine as its tool for cultural invasion. This paper gives a description on the activities of all sects of Christianity and the institutions set up by them. Hospitals run by Christian Missions became the therapeutic institutions at all levels and made contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases for local people.

[Medicine in Taiwan during the period of Japanese occupation].

During the period of 1894-1945, hygienic administration institutions were established in the central and local levels, responsible for general hygienic affairs, including prevention of infectious diseases, public health, anti-opium smoking and drug inspection. Medical education and research unit were also set up, such as Taibei Hospital, Taiwan Viceroy Medical School and Taibei Imperial University. From these institutions, not a few medical professionals were cultivated.

Porphyromonas gingivalis усугубляет экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, проводя дифференциацию TH1 с помощью сигнала ZAP70/NF-IB.

Множественный склероз (MS) характеризуется хроническим воспалением и обезвоживанием в центральной нервной системе (CNS), главным образом в результате ненормальной активации периферической иммунной системы, в частности клеток TH1. Как основной патоген в периодонтрите, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) связан с повышенным риском множественных склерозных прогрессий; однако его роль в центральной нервной системе воспаления остается неясной. В этом исследовании мы стремились определить, поощряет ли P. gingivalis периферическую дифференциацию клеток TH1 по сигнальному маршруту ZAP70/NF-InB, т

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… Materials and methods Animal Thirty-two C57 BL/6J mice (6–8 weeks old, female) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co. Ltd to be used in the study. … Ethics statement The animal study was approved by Ethics Committee of Beijing MDKN Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The study was conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. …

Mechanism of action of Asparagus officinalis extract against multiple myeloma using bioinformatics tools, in silico and in vitro study.

Introduction: Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant species. Its main components have tumor-prevention, immune system-enhancement, and anti-inflammation effects. Network pharmacology is a powerful approach that is being applied increasingly to research of herbal medicines. Herb identification, study of compound targets, network construction, and network analysis have been used to elucidate how herbal medicines work. However, the interaction of bioactive substances from asparagus with the targets involved in multiple myeloma (MM) has not been elucidated. We explored t

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… Extraction of total protein from cells/tissues containing protease inhibitors, phosphatase inhibitors, and PMSF (Solarbio, Beijing, China) by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) lysis buffer. … Equal amounts of protein were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Solarbio, Beijing, China) using 6%–12% gels and then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (0.45 µM; Millipore, Bedford, MA, United States). …

Zusanli (ST36) Acupoint Injection With Dexamethasone for Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ObjectiveMyelosuppression is the most common adverse reaction of chemotherapy, which seriously affects the course of treatment. Zusanli (ST36) acupoint injection with dexamethasone has achieved good clinical efficacy in China. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of ST36 acupoint injection with dexamethasone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (CIM).MethodsRandomized controlled trials of CIM treated with ST36 acupoint injection with dexamethasone were retrieved from eight electronic databases. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk

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… Beijing: Military Medical Science Press; (2003) p. 15–8. 9. Dou JQ, Zhang H, Gao WB, Yin LW. Clinical Observation and Study on Acupoint-Needling Plus Injection for Treatment of Arrest of Bone Marrow Induced by Chemotherapeutic Drugs. … Beijing: China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine; (2007) p. 221–2. 14. Shi Y, Zhou SL. Regulation of Zusanli Point on Nerve-Endocrine-Immune Network. J Jiangxi Univ Traditional Chin Med (2003) 15<(>2<):37–9. 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9431.2003.02.013 15. Guo JX, Sun XN, Huang XX. …

Эпигенетическая ось Лактата-H4K12la-HDAC1 регулирует переход к микроглиальному состоянию во время экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита у женских мышей.

Микроглиальная функциональная пластичность формируется метаболическим и эпигенетическим перепрограммированием, но то, как эти процессы регулируют автоиммунитет центральной нервной системы, остается неясным. Мы находим, что уровень цереброспинарной жидкости лактат коррелирует с множественным склерозом. Используя женские модели мыши экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, аккумуляция спинного лакта приводит к стойкой микроглиальной гистоне лактилации, связывающей с гликолитической активацией. Микроглиавое исключение лактата дегидрогеназы А уменьшает эту лактиляцию и усугубляет остроту

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… Methods Animal C57BL/6 J female mice (8 weeks old) were purchased from Beijing Huafukang Bioscience Co., Ltd. …

A multicenter, retrospective epidemiologic survey of the clinical features and management of bone metastatic disease in China.

BackgroundBone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer. Bisphosphonates (BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events (SREs). The present study aimed to identify the clinical features of and treatment strategies for Chinese patients with bone metastases.MethodsConsecutive cancer patients who had bone metastases and received BP treatment were enrolled. A questionnaire was developed to collect the patients' clinical data, as well as information on the diagnosis and management of bone metastases. Physicians' awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the

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… Beijing: Peking Union Medical College Press. 2007. (in Chinese). 17. The Committee of Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, China. Chinese expert consensus statement on clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor bone metastasis and bone related diseases. … Beijing: Peking University of Medicine Press. 2014. (in Chinese). 18. Ferlay J Shin HR Bray F Forman D Mathers C Parkin DM Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008 Int J Cancer 2010 127 2893 2917 10.1002/ijc.25516 21351269 19. …

Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant tandem-repeat dimeric RBD-based protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) against COVID-19 in adults: two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 and 2 trials.

BACKGROUND: Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed so far, they will not be sufficient to meet the global demand. Developmen … ntrolled, phase 1 and phase 2 trials. Phase 1 was done at two university hospitals in Chongqing and Beijing, China, and phase 2 was done at the Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Xiangtan, China. Healthy adults aged 18-59 years, without a history of SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 infection, an RT-PCR-positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, …