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SARS-CoV-2 Вакцины и множественный склероз: обновление.

В высшей степени заразная зоонозная болезнь коронавируса 2019 (В тыс.COVID-19), вызванной острым острым респираторным синдромом коронавируса 2 (В тыс.SARS-CoV-2), была объявлена пандемией Всемирной организацией здравоохранения в марте 11, 2020, и это привело к глобальному кризису в области здравоохранения с почти 777 million подтвержденные инфекции и более 7 million к ноябрю 10, 2024.1-3 Со временем появились различные варианты, при этом Омикрон и его подлинии доминировали над миром в прошлом. 3 Годы.4 Кроме того, растет число свидетельств, касающихся иммунной реакции SARS-CoV-2 вакцины, особе

Hyperprogression disease induced by Sintilimab combined with Oxaliplatin and S-1 after surgery: a case report and literature review.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and preventive strategies associated with hyperprogressive disease (HPD) induced by immunotherapy.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of a patient who developed HPD following palliative gastrectomy and received a combination therapy of Sintilimab, S-1 (tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil potassium), and Oxaliplatin (SOX). Additionally, a literature review on tumor immunotherapy was conducted to further explore the risk factors and mechanisms of HPD.ResultsIn this case, the development of HPD was associated with a high postoperative

Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab в качестве предварительной профилактики COVID-19 Для многих пациентов из числа миеломы: перспективное исследование в эпоху омикронов.

Справочная информация: Tixagevimab/cilgavimab, распространенная под названием "Evughdel", была первой имеющейся в наличии профилактической программой для COVID-19 кроме вакцинации. Она получила АЭС от УЛХ после того, как достаточные экспериментальные данные продемонстрировали эффективность в предотвращении SARS-CoV-2 инфекциями и последующими серьезными заболеваниями. Его потенциальные выгоды для пациентов с иммунокомпромиссным риском вызвали большой интерес. К этой категории относятся лица с множественной миеломой, поскольку они характеризуются ослабленной иммунной реакцией, а в некоторых слу

Cutting edge developments in bone oncology - Highlights from the Cancer and Bone Society 2024 annual meeting.

The 2024 Annual Conference of the Cancer and Bone Society (CABS), held jointly with the Bone Research Society at the University of Sheffield, highlighted the Society's enduring mission to advance understanding of cancer-bone interactions through collaboration, mentorship, and scientific excellence. Established from the early Cancer Induced Bone Disease meetings and re-emerging as an independent body in 2016, CABS continues to serve as a global community bridging basic, translational, and clinical research. This year's meeting featured a comprehensive scientific program spanning tumor-bone biol

Disease Activity After Switching From Eculizumab to Ravulizumab in Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria: Real World Data From Denmark and Finland.

INTRODUCTION: Ravulizumab replaced eculizumab as the preferred complement inhibitor for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH) in Denmark and Finland after 2020. Data on real-world disease activity after switching are limited. METHODS: We conducted a case series of 20 PNH patients who transitioned from eculizumab to ravulizumab, assessing transfusion needs and breakthrough haemolysis episodes (BTH). RESULTS: In 19 of 20 patients, transfusions and BTH were stable or reduced after switching. Particularly, patients with high transfusion or BTH burden had a marked reduction in these paramete

CRS and ICANS: Early detection and personalized management.

T-cell-redirected immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies, have transformed the treatment of relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. However, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) remain the major immune-mediated toxicities that can complicate treatment delivery and contribute to morbidity and non-relapse mortality. CRS is characterized by systemic inflammatory amplification involving activated T cells, tumor cells, monocytes/macrophages, endothelial activation, and cytok

Role of Cannabidiol for Improvement of the Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Potential and Challenges.

There is currently a growing interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) to alleviate the symptoms caused by cancer, including pain, sleep disruption, and anxiety. CBD is often self-administered as an over-the-counter supplement, and patients have reported benefits from its use. However, despite the progress made, the mechanisms underlying CBD's anti-cancer activity remain divergent and unclear. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms to determine convergent anti-cancer actions of CBD from pre-clinical and clinical studies. In vitro studies have begun to elucidate the mo

Azathioprine for remission maintenance in anti-interferon-γ autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency syndrome- a retrospective single-center cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (Anti-IFN-γ Aab) disease is associated with frequent recurrent infections. Adjunctive immunosuppressive treatment, including rituximab, can achieve disease remission. However, disease relapses and recurrent infections occur after immunosuppressive drugs are discontinued. Azathioprine (AZA) is used for maintenance therapy in many autoimmune diseases with few adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AZA in maintaining clinical remission in patients with Anti-IFN-γ Aab disease. METHODS: This retrospective observational study was

Current status of immunisation for herpes zoster.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is increasingly common in the aging and is experienced by approximately one in three people in their lifetime. It is also relatively common in immune-compromised people. Acute HZ causes severe pain, reduced quality of life and severe complications, including prolonged pain, or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and ocular zoster, which may rarely progress to blindness. In severely immune-compromised people disseminated zoster may affect the brain and liver. A second-generation vaccine, the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine, consisting of recombinant viral glycoprotein E and the Adjuvant

Нейрофармакология каннабиноидов: всеобъемлющий обзор доклинических и клинических данных о экстрактах гемп-деривных веществ и активных соединениях.

Каннабис сатива содержит более 120 фитоканнабиноидов, причем наиболее характерными из них являются Δ9-тетрагидроканнабинол (THC) и каннабидиол (CBD). В настоящем обзоре обобщаются доклинические и клинические данные об экстрактах гематома, каннабиноидах и активных соединениях. THC действует главным образом как частичный агонист каннабиноидного рецептора типа 1 (CB1) и типа 2 (CB2), приводящий к психоактивным, аппетитным, антиэметическим и анальгетическим эффектам. КБР не является опьяняющим и имеет мультимодальный профиль, включающий негативную аллостерическую модуляцию CB1, обратное агонизм CB

Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Current Understandings and Future Perspectives.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are modular targeted therapeutics in which molecular recognition is coupled with controlled payload delivery. Owing to their high specificity and precision, they have been regarded as a transformative paradigm for cancer therapy. In this review, current understandings and future perspectives of ADCs and PDCs are synthesized across rational design principles, historical evolution, clinical translation, and emerging formats, aiming to improve practical comprehension and application in oncology. Key determinants of performance: ta

The burden of illness of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria receiving C5 inhibitors in France, Germany and the United Kingdom: Patient-reported insights on symptoms and quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical, humanistic and economic burden of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) among C5 inhibitor (C5i)-treated patients with PNH. METHODS: This was a web-based, cross-sectional survey (01FEB2021-31MAR2021) of adults with PNH treated with eculizumab (France, Germany, United Kingdom) or ravulizumab (Germany). Self-reported outcomes included: patient characteristics; patient-reported symptoms; and standardised patient-reported outcomes (e.g. Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy [FACIT]-Fatigue, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Can

Herpes Zoster in Hematological Disorders: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Emerging Strategies for Prevention and Immunization.

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster (HZ), resulting from reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV), imposes a significant burden on immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematological malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). These populations face markedly increased risks of severe complications, including disseminated disease and postherpetic neuralgia. OBJECTIVE: This review examines the pathogenesis, epidemiology, risk factors, and evolving preventive strategies for HZ in patients with hematological disorders, with an emphasis on antiviral pr

A review of immunotherapy for bone tumors.

This article reviews the latest research progress in immunotherapy for bone tumors. Bone tumors are a serious threat to human health, and traditional treatments have limitations. Recently, immunotherapy, as an emerging treatment method, has shown great potential in the treatment of bone tumors. This article systematically introduces the pathological features, traditional treatment methods and limitations of bone tumors, and focuses on the principles, application status and challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, tumor vaccines and other immunotherapies. At the same time

Review of the Current Knowledge on the Role of Stem Cell Transplantation in Neurorehabilitation.

The management involving stem cell (SC) therapy along with physiotherapy offers tremendous chance for patients after spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, etc. However, there are still only a limited number of reports assessing the impact of stem cells (SCs) on the rehabilitation process and/or the results of the simultaneous use of SC and rehabilitation. Additionally, since there is still not enough convincing evidence about the effect of SCT on humans, e.g., in stroke, there have been no studies conducted concerning rehabilitation program formation and expected outc

Mechanisms of bone pain: Progress in research from bench to bedside.

The field of research on pain originating from various bone diseases is expanding rapidly, with new mechanisms and targets asserting both peripheral and central sites of action. The scope of research is broadening from bone biology to neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, and immunology. In particular, the roles of primary sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells in the peripheral tissues as important targets for bone pain treatment are under extensive investigation in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. An understanding of the peripheral mechanisms underlying pain conditions associated with va

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… Like other chronic pain conditions, the manifestations of chronic bone pain include tonic background aches, sharp and breakthrough pain triggered by unknown factor, and pain associated with movement or gesture change. … NETRIN1 released by osteoclasts induces sensory innervation to the afflicted joint Bone and joint pain due to OA Persistent background pain or breakthrough pain episodes are often associated with OA, which is a multifactorial chronic disease that often affects large joints. …

Multidisciplinary Progress in Obesity Research.

Obesity is a chronic disease that endangers human health. In recent years, the phenomenon of obesity has become more and more common, and it has become a global epidemic. Obesity is closely associated with many adverse metabolic changes and diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, nervous system diseases and some malignant tumors, which have caused a huge burden on the country's medical finance. In most countries of the world, the incidence of cancer caused by obesity is increasing year on year. Diabetes associated with obesity can lead to seconda

Some Aspects and Convergence of Human and Veterinary Drug Repositioning.

Drug innovation traditionally follows a de novo approach with new molecules through a complex preclinical and clinical pathway. In addition to this strategy, drug repositioning has also become an important complementary approach, which can be shorter, cheaper, and less risky. This review provides an overview of drug innovation in both human and veterinary medicine, with a focus on drug repositioning. The evolution of drug repositioning and the effectiveness of this approach are presented, including the growing role of data science and computational modeling methods in identifying drugs with po

Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture Combined with Conventional Drug Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) involves both nociceptive and neuropathic components, causing significant suffering in cancer patients. Acupuncture has shown beneficial effects on CIBP. However, given the diverse acupuncture techniques, their therapeutic efficacy may vary. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of various acupuncture modalities integrated with conventional drug therapy for CIBP. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture combined with conventional analgesics for CIBP were searched across eight Chinese and English databases and clinical tr

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… CIBP is a complex pathological condition characterized by persistent background pain punctuated by episodic breakthrough pain. 2 , 3 Its multifactorial pathophysiology involves both nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms arising from tumor invasion, osteolytic destruction, and sensitization of peripheral …

The safety and efficacy of the Stryker OptaBlate™ Bone Tumor Ablation system for vertebral body metastases.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic spinal lesions are a significant cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life in those with a high tumor burden. Despite treatment modalities such as medical therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, steroids), spinal augmentation procedures, and radiation therapy, many patients still experience refractory back pain due to neoplastic infiltration of the vertebral body and/or pathologic compression fractures. With the aim to address refractory pain in patients who have exhausted conventional treatment options, Stryker developed the OptablateTM Bone Tumor Ablation system (BTA; Stry

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… In cases of refractory pain, tricyclic antidepressant and anticonvulsant medications are often utilized, with opioids now used more frequently for breakthrough pain ( 3 ). …