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Direct correlation between plasma renin activity and severity of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone were measured throughout the luteal phase in 21 anovulatory patients who developed ovarian hyper … e is implicated in new vessel formation. Angiogenesis itself is associated with a rapid increase in capillary permeability. The recent demonstration of high plasma renin-like activity in human follicular fluid and the present observation of high PRA in patients with OHSS may imply that the locally active renin angiotensin system, through induction of new vessel formatio …

The radiologic distinction of cardiogenic and noncardiogenic edema.

Improvement in the ability to determine the specific cause of any given case of pulmonary edema would lead to more rapid and definitive trea … adiographs of 61 patients with cardiac disease, 30 with renal failure or overhydration, and 28 with capillary permeability edema. Three principal and seven ancillary features have been identified, all of which are statistically significant and permit the cause of the edema to be determined correctly in a high percentage of cases. The three principal features are distrib …

Microvascular phenomena during pancreatic islet graft rejection.

Transplantation of insulin secreting tissue as a free graft has the potential to become a safe and simple procedure to cure diabetes. However, clinical results, i.e. achievement of insulin independency, are poor, in spite of the use of immunosuppressive regimens, which are regularly successful in whole organ transplantation. In contrast to whole organ grafts, which are revascularized immediately after transplantation, free pancreatic islet grafts require the process of revascularization in order to establish a microvascular network, sufficient for the nutritional blood supply. We have demonstr

Glomerular permeability: ultrastructural quantitative studies relating proteinuria to pathologic features in murine lupus nephritis.

The pathogenesis of proteinuria associated with immune complex disease is incompletely understood. A quantitative electron-microscopic study was undertaken to determine the relative contribution of lesions in capillary loops and mesangial basement membrane areas and their possible correlations to urinary protein excretion data. Pathologic features including the loss of foot processes (and slit diaphragms), the formation of junctional complexes in visceral epithelium, and the distribution of immune complexes in basement membrane were assessed in glomeruli of mice with lupus nephritis. Swiss alb

[Roles and mechanism of vascular and cardiac factors in the pathogenesis of burn shock and its prevention and treatment].

Shock is one of the most important and common complications in the early stage following severe burn. This article focuses on the main advances in the roles and mechanism of vascular and cardiac factors in the pathogenesis of burn shock, and the new measures for prevention and treatment of it. Further studies are still needed to elucidate the precise mechanism of increased capillary permeability and the effective measures for decreasing fluid leakage from blood vessels, and to prevent hypoxic/ischemic damage and complications of visceral tissues arising thereof.

[Proteolytic enzymes of the lacrimal fluid as pathogenesis factors of chronic corneal ulcer].

Proteolytic enzymes, particularly collagenase, are involved in development of eye cornea chronic ulcers. Analysis of lacrimal fluid obtained from the patients enabled to find not only the collagenase activity but and serine enzymes exhibiting BAEE esterase activity. Plasmin, blood plasma and tissue kallikreins regulated permeability of capillaries in conjunctiva and lacrimal gland as well as they activated latent collagenase. Studies of BAEE esterase activity in lacrimal fluid of the patients are required for prescription of adequate pathogenetic treatment.

[Contusion changes in ophthalmic tonus: clinical observations and pathogenesis].

Contusions of the eyeball involve reactive or secondary changes in intraocular pressure. Clinical examinations of 151 patients with contusion disorders in ophthalmic tone revealed reactive hypertension in 6.62%, reactive hypotone in 31.79%, secondary hypertension in 48.34%, and stable hypotone of the injured eye in 15.89% cases. Secondary changes in intraocular pressure were caused by massive intraocular hemorrhages and structural injuries to the eyeball. The main cause of reactive hypotone resulting from blunt injury to the eye was exfusion, detachment of the vascular membrane diagnosed at th

Modifications of arterial blood flow to the hand after carpal tunnel release.

Any surgical procedure is followed by an inflammatory reaction, associated with arteriolar dilatation and increased capillary permeability. The normal evolution is in most cases a progressive decrease of the inflammatory signs. Some patients however, particularly after orthopedic trauma affecting the extremities, develop algodystrophy, initially characterized by arterial vasodilatation and low capillary flow. In an effort to better understand the normal phenomena seen after uncomplicated hand surgery, the authors have evaluated the postoperative arterial blood flow using the Duplex flowmetry u…

Reflections on the applicability of palliative thoracentesis in Primary Care.

Under normal conditions, there is a small volume of fluid in the pleural space as a result of the balance between its inflow from the pleural capillaries and its drainage through the lymphatics. Pleural effusion (PE) will occur when this balance is disturbed. The initial step in its study is to determine whether PE it is a transudate or an exudate. The first is caused by an alteration in the hydrostatic or oncotic pressure of both the pleural capillaries and the pleural space, without any structural damage to the pleura and with a simple differential diagnosis. In the second, there will be an

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… In exudates, increased capillary permeability, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage, will result in higher PF concentrations of proteins and other solutes [e.g. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] than in transudates; the differential diagnosis is broader ( Fig. 2 ) and further diagnostic testing is usually …

[REACTION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF HEMATOENCEPHALIC BARRIER IN NEWBORN RATS TO NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA].

For the last time a particular interest of investigators has been attracted to the period of early newborn state when active process of adaptation of the organism to new life conditions occur defining its increased sensitivity to the effect of unfavorable environmental factors. An important place among these processes belongs to formation of homeostasis mechanisms and, primarily, the barrier mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate reactions of the hematoencephalic barrier (HEB) to action of perinatal normobaric hypoxia (a model of incomplete human pregnancy). Using ligh

Changes in the vascular network of the oral epithelium and reduced enamel epithelium during tooth eruption.

The purpose of this study was to examine the vascular network beneath the reduced enamel epithelium (REE) and oral epithelium (OE) during tooth eruption. Using the corrosive-resin casting method, vascular resin casts were prepared from premolar and molar teeth of the dog and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The vascular network beneath the REE is arranged in two layers, an inner layer consisting of a dense capillary network and an outer layer composed primarily of arterioles and venules. Throughout tooth eruption, the configuration of the vessels of the inner layer is continually chan

Mechanisms of glomerular proteinuria and hematuria.

The barrier function of glomerular capillaries in vivo, which prevents the leakage of plasma proteins and cellular elements, depends not only on the basic morphological and physico-chemical fine structure of the glomerular capillary wall, but also on a functional barrier maintained by components obtained from blood. Together, both restrict the leakage of plasma proteins and cells in vivo. Two types of morphological defects are claimed to represent the normal condition: a larger type of leak, which enables the passage of red cells through the glomerular capillary wall one after the other withou

Preparation of resveratrol dry suspension and its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity in mice.

Context: Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound. It exhibits antitumor, immunostimulatory, and antiviral activities. However, poor wat … +, and the contents of cytokines in serum were tested. To ameliorate effects of acetic acid induced capillary permeability, xylene-based ear oedema, and cotton pellet granuloma, RDS as anti-inflammatory agent was administered at doses of 1, 0.33, and 0.1 g/kg/d as compared to indomethacin (IM) provided as a positive control at 10 mg/kg.Results: RDS inhibited the degrada …

From nutrition to medicine: Assessing hemorrhoid healing activity of Solanum melongena L. via in vivo experimental models and its major chemicals.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) is used for treatment of rheumatism, beriberi, itching, toothache, bleeding, … for anti-inflammatory activity which is based on the inhibition of acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability. The healing potential was comparatively assessed with a reference Pilex® tablet and cream. Phytochemical analysis performed by HPLC. The amount of the major phenolic compound (chlorogenic acid) in extract was found by using HPLC method. RESULTS: H …

Neutrophil alpha-defensins cause lung injury by disrupting the capillary-epithelial barrier.

RATIONALE: The involvement of neutrophil activation in the sentinel, potentially reversible, events in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) is only partially understood. alpha-Defensins are the most abundant proteins secreted by activated human neutrophils, but their contribution to ALI in mouse models is hindered by their absence from murine neutrophils and the inability to study their effects in isolation in other species. OBJECTIVES: To study the role of alpha-defensins in the pathogenesis of ALI in a clinically relevant setting using mice transgenic for polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Early recovery of microvascular perfusion induced by t-PA in combination with abciximab or eptifibatide during postischemic reperfusion.

BACKGROUND: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors abciximab and eptifibatide have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation in ischemic heart disease. Our aim was to test the efficacy of abiciximab (Reo Pro) or eptifibatide (Integrilin) alone or in combination with plasminogen activator (t-PA) in an experimental model of ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Hamsters were treated with saline, or abiciximab or eptifibatide or these drugs combined with t-PA infused intravenously 10 minutes before ischemia and through reperfusion. We measured t

Reactive oxygen metabolites induce a biphasic contractile response in microvascular lung pericytes.

BACKGROUND: The changes in microvascular permeability characteristic of postinjury inflammation and sepsis may involve dysfunctional regulatory mechanisms at the capillary level. Pericytes, positioned abluminal to microvascular endothelium may, by their contractility, contribute to this regulation. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), well-known participants in lung inflammation, may exert an effect on pericytes, leading to changes in permeability and adult respiratory distress syndrome. This study investigates the effect of ROMs and antioxidants in an established in vitro assay of pericyte con

Intestinal post-ischemic reperfusion injury: studies with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

In the feline intestine studies have implicated superoxide (O.-) and other oxygen derived free radicals as initiators of injury as measured by increased capillary permeability during the reperfusion period. Biochemical mechanisms of this free radical generation include: xanthine oxidase dependent O.- production, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation by superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydroxyl radical (OH-) production via the Haber-Weiss reaction, and lipid radical formation from membrane peroxidation. Pathological consequences of these events include inflammatory neutrophil infiltration, damage to th…

Loss of cystatin C regulates permeability and inflammatory pathways in retina.

Cystatin C has been linked to inflammation in other diseases, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. These studies were designed to investigate whether Cystatin C regulates retinal inflammation and permeability. To address this question, we used Cystatin C knockout mice in a retinal ischemia/reperfusion model to determine whether Cystatin C regulated retinal damage, as well as inflammatory mediators and retinal permeability. To support the mouse work, we also used primary retinal endothelial cells cultured in normal and high glucose. Ischemia/reperfusion in Cystatin C knockout mice caused i

[Role of albumin in pulmonary edema and septic shock, plasma volume expansion excluded].

Patients with septic shock deserve a global approach. Intravascular volume loading is part of the treatment. However several questions remai … lso much cheaper. Moreover, hydroxyethylstarch could have promising properties in case of increased capillary permeability. In summary and in agreement with the North American consensus conference, albumin should not be recommended for the treatment of septic shock, whether associated with non cardiogenic pulmonary oedema or not.