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Experimental models of pancreas cancer: what has been the impact for precision medicine?

Background:There continues to be focus on the value of regional and neuraxial anesthetic techniques when combined with general anesthesia to improve postoperative analgesia. The reported advantages include decreased postoperative opioid requirements, decreased medication-related adverse effects, decreased hospital length of stay, and increased patient satisfaction. Orthopedic procedures of the hip may be amenable to such techniques as there is significant postoperative pain with the requirement for hospital admission and the administration of parenteral opioids. Given the surgical site, variou

Decoding Breast Cancer: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets for Precision Medicine.

Breast cancer is the most frequent gynecological malignancy and the main cause of cancer death in the female population worldwide. One of th … d a thorough understanding of the high molecular complexity of breast cancer and the development of precision medicine strategies which increase the chances of therapeutic success.

Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a biologically complex and heterogeneous disease that requires individualized, phenotype- and complication-oriented therapeutic strategies. The introduction of advanced pharmacotherapies, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), dual Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GIP/GLP-1) agonists, and emerging triple agonists, has facilitated a shift from weight-centric goals to precision-based obesity care. This review provides a clinical framework for pharmacologic treatment, organized by phenotype, obesity-related complications, age, and

Precision medicine in type 2 diabetes: targeting SGLT2 inhibitor treatment for kidney protection.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Current guidelines recommend use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) for kidney protection in people with type 2 diabetes and early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on a urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) of ≥3 mg/mmol. However, individuals with a normal uACR or low-level albuminuria were not represented in kidney outcome trials, leaving uncertainty about absolute treatment benefit in this group. To address this gap and support treatment decisions in clinical practice, we developed and validated a model to predict individual-level kidne

Long noncoding RNAs in familial hypercholesterolemia: biomarkers, therapeutics, and AI in precision medicine.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of lipid metabolism, playing pivotal roles in cholesterol biosynthesis, tr … ed in cholesterol regulation and atherosclerosis progression, making them attractive candidates for precision medicine applications. Additionally, advancements in AI-driven lncRNA discovery and single-cell transcriptomics are paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Emerging RNA-based therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotides, sm …

Exercise Intervention in Autonomic Function, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Health: A Precision Medicine Approach.

The imbalance in the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system serves as a central mechanism in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system and suppression of vagal function contribute to chronic inflammation and cardiac remodeling. Precision medicine, by integrating multidimensional data such as genomics and metabolomics, offers a novel perspective for the personalized design of exercise interventions. This systematic review explores the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of exercise interventio…

Integrating neuroprotection, antioxidative effects, and precision medicine in glaucoma management with bioactive compounds.

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, le … safety, and regulatory challenges. Furthermore, this paper highlights the potential of integrating precision medicine into bioactive treatments, emphasizing the value of personalized care based on genetic and phenotypic profiles. Finally, the review discusses the role of combination therapies, which leverage the complementary mechanisms of bioactive compounds and c …

Ignoring Gender-Based Immunometabolic Reprograming, a Risky Business in Immune-Based Precision Medicine.

Immunology advances have increased our understanding of autoimmune, auto-inflammatory, immunodeficiency, infectious, and other immune-mediat … erapeutics indicate the demand for gender-based IR studies to increase the efficacy of immune-based precision medicine.

Global perspectives on myopia and pathologic myopia: From environmental drivers to precision medicine.

The global prevalence of myopia and pathologic myopia (PM) has dramatically increased, raising significant public health concerns due to associated vision-threatening complications, such as myopic maculopathy (MM). This comprehensive review integrates the latest evidence regarding the environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors contributing to myopia, as well as recent advances in precision medicine and therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the disease's impact. We examine how environmental factors interact with polygenic risk factors and epigenetic changes to influence disease progres…

Redefining oropharyngeal cancer in the HPV era: integrating precision medicine and immunotherapeutic frontiers.

Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasingly driven by human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16, marking a shift in its epidemiology, prognosis, and treatment approach. This review explores the distinct molecular biology of HPV-positive OPC, highlighting how it differs from tobacco-related cases in terms of tumor behavior, immune environment, and therapeutic response. Advances in immunotherapy and biomarker-guided strategies have improved outcomes for some patients, though challenges such as resistance, variable biomarker accuracy, and limited vaccine uptake remain significant. Emerging te

Precision medicine in complex diseases-Molecular subgrouping for improved prediction and treatment stratification.

Complex diseases are caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors and comprise common noncommunicable diseases, including allergies, cardiovascular disease, and psychiatric and metabolic disorders. More than 25% of Europeans suffer from a complex disease, and together these diseases account for 70% of all deaths. The use of genomic, molecular, or imaging data to develop accurate diagnostic tools for treatment recommendations and preventive strategies, and for disease prognosis and prediction, is an important step toward precision medicine. However, for complex disea…

The clinical value of quantitative cardiovascular molecular imaging: a step towards precision medicine.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and have an increasing impact on society. Precision medicine, in which optimal care is identified for an individual or a group of individuals rather than for the average population, might provide significant health benefits for this patient group and decrease CVD morbidity and mortality. Molecular imaging provides the opportunity to assess biological processes in individuals in addition to anatomical context provided by other imaging modalities and could prove to be essential in the implementation of precision medicine in C…

Participant Experience with Protocol Research Kidney Biopsies in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project.

BACKGROUND: Kidney biopsies are procedures commonly performed in clinical nephrology and are increasingly used in research. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the experiences of participants who underwent research kidney biopsies in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP). METHODS: KPMP research participants with AKI or CKD were enrolled at nine recruitment sites in the United States between September 2019 and January 2023. At 28 days postbiopsy, participants were invited to complete a survey to share their experiences, including motivation to participate in research, comprehension of i…

Machine learning in onco-pharmacogenomics: a path to precision medicine with many challenges.

Over the past two decades, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the approach to cancer research. Applications of NGS include the identification of tumor specific alterations that can influence tumor pathobiology and also impact diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic options. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies the role of inheritance of individual genetic patterns in drug response and has taken advantage of NGS technology as it provides access to high-throughput data that can, however, be difficult to manage. Machine learning (ML) has recently been used in the life sciences to discover

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… Another goal of precision medicine is to identify new molecular biomarkers that can monitor both disease stage and the efficacy of selective therapies. … With this in mind, DL algorithms are being used in precision medicine to predict anticancer drug response in patient-derived cancer cell lines, as in the case of the DeepDRK framework, which is freely available ( Wang Y et al., 2021 ). …

Precision Medicine in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review Framed by Lived Experience.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for which many treatments exist that have been shown to prevent CKD progression and kidney failure. However, DKD is a complex and heterogeneous etiology of CKD with a spectrum of phenotypes and disease trajectories. In this narrative review, we discuss precision medicine approaches to DKD, including genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and their potential role in the management of diabetes mellitus and DKD. A patient and caregivers of patients with lived experience with CKD were involved in this …

Single-cell profiling of tumour evolution in multiple myeloma - opportunities for precision medicine.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy of plasma cells characterized by substantial intraclonal genetic heterogeneity. Although therapeutic advances made in the past few years have led to improved outcomes and longer survival, MM remains largely incurable. Over the past decade, genomic analyses of patient samples have demonstrated that MM is not a single disease but rather a spectrum of haematological entities that all share similar clinical symptoms. Moreover, analyses of samples from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering MM have also shown the exist

Treatments for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Multiple Options for Precision Medicine.

In recent years, advances in molecular diagnostics have transformed the management of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), allowing for increasingly personalized approaches [...].