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Control of diarrheal diseases.

The tremendous advances made in the control of diarrheal diseases in the past few years indicate what more can be achieved. Even though the lives of an estimated three quarters of a million children are being saved each year, over three million children are still dying from readily preventable diarrheal disease. The challenge is to build on the successes thus far, to learn from experience, to promote changes in health habits that will prevent diarrhea, and to make all of these activities sustainable. From this analysis, we have three specific recommendations for CDD programs in the next decade

Maternal Soluble Fiber Diet during Pregnancy Changes the Intestinal Microbiota, Improves Growth Performance, and Reduces Intestinal Permeability in Piglets.

Increasing evidence suggests that maternal diet during pregnancy modifies an offspring's microbiota composition and intestinal development in a long-term manner. However, the effects of maternal soluble fiber diet during pregnancy on growth traits and the developing intestine are still underexplored. Sows were allocated to either a control or 2.0% pregelatinized waxy maize starch plus guar gum (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. Growth performance, diarrhea incidence, gut microbiota composition and metabolism, and gut permeability and inflammation status of 14-day-old suckling piglets wer

Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions improve cardiac function in children after open-heart surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions are used for the improvement of micro- and macrocirculation in various types of shock. In pediatric intensive care medicine, controlled, randomized studies with hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions are lacking. Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions may improve cardiac function in children. The primary objective of this controlled, randomized, blinded study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects and safety of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution infusions in children shortly after open-heart surgery for congenital cardiac disease. The secondary objective was

Haemodynamic, acid-base and electrolyte changes during plasma replacement with hydroxyethyl starch or crystalloid solution in young pigs.

We investigated haemodynamic, acid-base and electrolyte changes during almost total plasma replacement with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and physiological balanced electrolyte solution (PBE) by using a cell saver in ten young pigs. In the PBE group an additional 3550 (444) ml crystalloid solution [Mean (SD)] was infused over the course of the study in order to maintain pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Plasma protein levels decreased in both groups and the colloid osmotic pressure increased in HES and decreased in PBE. At the end of the study, body weight [HES 10.4 (1), PBE 13.1 (1.4) kg, P < 0

The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease.

Dietary guidelines continue to recommend restricting intake of saturated fats. This recommendation follows largely from the observation that saturated fats can raise levels of total serum cholesterol (TC), thereby putatively increasing the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). However, TC is only modestly associated with CHD, and more important than the total level of cholesterol in the blood may be the number and size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles that contain it. As for saturated fats, these fats are a diverse class of compounds; different fats may have different

Bilayer Tablet Formulation of Metformin HCl and Acarbose: A Novel Approach To Control Diabetes.

UNLABELLED: The present investigation studied a novel bilayer tablet having an extended release system of metformin HCl with Eudragit RS 100 and RL 100 and an immediate release system of acarbose with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in different ratios using solvent evaporation and cogrinding techniques. Solid dispersions (SDs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by content uniformity, in vitro d

The complex oxidative stress response of Bacteroides fragilis: the role of OxyR in control of gene expression.

Gram-negative anaerobes in the genus Bacteroides are the predominant members of the GI-tract microflora where they play an important role in normal intestinal physiology. Bacteroides spp. also are significant opportunistic pathogens responsible for an array of intra-abdominal and other infections. Bacteroides fragilis is the most common anaerobic pathogen and it possesses virulence factors such as a capsule and neuraminidase that contribute to its success as a pathogen. Infection occurs when organisms escape from the anaerobic colon to aerobic sites such as the peritoneum where O(2) concentrat

Identification of Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Components From Malus micromalus Makino Fruits With Potential for Functional Food Applications.

Malus micromalus Makino, a fruit crop with a millennium-long cultivation heritage in China, has hitherto received limited systematic investigation regarding its bioactive principles and the mechanistic underpinnings of its glucose-modulating effects. Sixteen compounds were isolated and structurally identified from the fruit. The bioactive components and action modes were systematically explored via network pharmacology, in vitro bioassays, enzyme kinetics, molecular simulation, and in vivo validation. ESR1 and MAPK3 were predicted as potential hub targets involved in insulin resistance and oxi

[The hemodynamic effects of various hydroxyethyl starch solutions in heart surgery patients].

Blood conservation is gaining more and more interest because of the increasing risks involved in homologous blood transfusions. Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is becoming an established technique even in cardiac surgery patients. The "optimal" kind of volume replacement, however, is still controversial. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the hemodynamic response of 6 different hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions as volume replacement. METHODS. In 60 patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass surgery, acute, preoperative hemodilution was performed (10 ml/kg) and HES w

First Report of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on Spathiphyllum wallisii in Argentina.

Peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) is a popular ornamental potted plant in Argentina. During May of 2008 (austral autumn), necrotic lesions of unknown etiology were observed on S. wallisii in a nursery in Pontevedra (34°45'6″S, 58°42'42″W). Plants first showed water-soaked areas starting from the leaf tips. Infected tissue became irregular, brown, dark-to-black lesions on leaves ~12 to 14 mm in diameter surrounded by yellowish haloes. Disease incidence approached 30%. Abundant bacterial streaming was observed from lesions when examined at ×100. Bacteria isolated from lesions formed whit

[Perfusion changes in hemodilution. The effect of extensive isovolemic hemodilution with gelatin and hydroxyethylstarch solutions on cerebral blood flow velocity and cutaneous microcirculation in humans].

OBJECTIVE: Quantifying the influence of extreme isovolemic hemodilution (NH) with different colloids on cerebral blood flow velocities (transcranial Doppler sonography) and cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) in healthy, non-premedicated volunteers was the aim of this study. METHODS: In seven volunteers (randomized cross-over design) 20 ml/kg blood was withdrawn within 30 min and simultaneously replaced with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (200,000/0.5, HES) or 3% gelatin (GEL). Thirty minutes later, the autologous blood was retransfused (RT) within 30 min. Due to a severe

Emerging insights into the gut microbiota as a key regulator of immunity and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem closely connected to the liver via the portal vein, has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health and disease. Numerous studies have underscored its role in the onset and progression of liver disorders, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides a comprehensive overview of current insights into the influence of the gut microbiota on HCC progre

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… Specifically, compared with the control group, the concentration of triglycerides in the liver of the resistant starch intervention group was significantly reduced (9.08%), the specific mechanism of which is that resistant starch reduces Bacteroides stercoris , the intestinal bacteroides that is significantly … Applications and uses of resistant starch. J AOAC Int. (2004) 87:727–32. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/87.3.727 30. Ni Y, Qian L, Siliceo SL, Long X, Nychas E, Liu Y, et al. Resistant starch decreases intrahepatic triglycerides in patients with NAFLD via gut microbiome alterations. …

Изменчивость генотипов кассавы (Manihot Escelenta [Cranz]) для состава питания в юго-западной Эфиопии.

В ходе исследования было использовано в общей сложности 100 Генотипы кассавы, полученные из МИТА, Нигерия (биофортифицированные генотипы), и собранные на месте земли Эфиопии, сохранены в Центре сельскохозяйственных исследований Джиммы. Таким образом, понимание изменчивости состава рациона питания может служить ориентиром для будущего генетического совершенствования и поддерживать развитие питательных разновидностей маниоки. Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке изменчивости генотипов кассавы на основе их анализа состава питательных веществ. Анализ различий (АНОВА) выявил весьма значител

Генетическая вариация генотипов ячменя с использованием морфологических признаков, содержания амилозы и молекулярных маркеров.

Для того чтобы любая работа по разведению растений была эффективной, необходимо обеспечить наличие и доступность различных генетических ресурсов. Использование простых последовательности повторения (ССР) маркеров, содержания амилозы и агроморфологической характеристики генетического разнообразия 50 Была проведена оценка генотипов ячменя. Поперечный 50 Генотипы, анализ разницы выявили весьма значительные колебания (p) < 0.01) в каждом признаке. Генотипы G20, G7, G18, G28, G41, G45, G50, G13, G39 и G47 продемонстрировали наивысшую урожайность. Была выявлена положительная корреляция между количес

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… Hailstorm E Sestili F Lafiandra D Bjorck I Ostman E A novel wheat variety with elevated content of amylose increases resistant starch formation and may beneficially influence glycaemia in healthy subjects Food Nutr. … A novel wheat variety with elevated content of amylose increases resistant starch formation and may beneficially influence glycaemia in healthy subjects. Food Nutr. Res. 55 (1), 7074 (2011). 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.7074 PMC3162347 21876685 51. …

Biochemical and Metabolical Pathways Associated with Microbiota-Derived Butyrate in Colorectal Cancer and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Implications: A Narrative Review.

Knowledge regarding the influence of the microbial community in cancer promotion or protection has expanded even more through the study of bacterial metabolic products and how they can modulate cancer risk, which represents an extremely challenging approach for the relationship between intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC). This review discusses research progress on the effect of bacterial dysbiosis from a metabolic point of view, particularly on the biochemical mechanisms of butyrate, one of the main short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties

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… starches and dietary fibers) [ 26 ]. … The antineoplastic effect of resistant starch can be due to fermentation end-products, mainly butyrate [ 32 ]. …

The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation.

The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interac

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… In another study, a resistant starch-and-GFO mix was administered to allogenic HSCT recipients starting from pre-transplantation conditioning to 28 days post-transplant. … Resistant starch refers to a broad category of several structurally different starches, all of which resist digestion by human enzymes, thereby surviving transit to the colon where they are fermented by the resident microbes. …

The long road to recognition: a historical review of amyloidosis from early pathology to disease-modifying therapy.

Within the last several decades, great strides are being made in both the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis, yet the condition itself has been a severely under-recognized cause of heart failure for centuries. For much of medical history, the accumulation of these insoluble fibril deposits was an enigmatic finding, observed primarily post-mortem in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions. This review traces the fascinating evolution of amyloidosis: from its origins as a botanical term mistakenly applied to human pathology, through the serendipitous discoveries of hi

Microbiome and pancreatic cancer: time to think about chemotherapy.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by late diagnosis, rapid progression, and a high mortality rate. Its complex biology, characterized by a dense, stromal tumor environment with an immunosuppressive milieu, contributes to resistance against standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiation. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic role of the microbiome in modulating chemotherapy efficacy and outcomes in PDAC. It delves into the microbiome's impact on drug metabolism and resistance, and the interaction between microbial elements, drugs,

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… (d) Resistant starch diet serves as prebiotic, leading to downregulation of genes involved in carcinoma development. (e) Synbiotics can reduce the incidence of system response syndrome and reduce complications during recovery in pancreatitis. … Overall, the findings highlight the potential of resistant starch as an additive dietary intervention to modulate gene expression and metabolic profiles, thereby supporting conventional treatments and improving therapeutic outcomes in PDAC. 179 The exploration of synbiotics (a combination of prebiotics …

The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing

The Insider: Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Cancer Immunity and Response to Therapies in Multiple Myeloma.

The human microbiota is a unique set of microorganisms colonizing the human body and evolving within it from the very beginning. Acting as an insider, the microbiota provides nutrients, and mutualistically interacts with the host's immune system, thus contributing to the generation of barriers against pathogens. While a strong link has been documented between intestinal dysbiosis (i.e., disruption to the microbiota homeostasis) and diseases, the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria impact a wide spectrum of mucosal and extramucosal human disorders have only partially been deciphered. This is

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… Resistant starch versus maltodextrin will be compared in a randomized trial involving candidates to autologous-HSCT ( NCT05135351 ). Table 1 Clinical trials in MM patients. … Administration of resistant starch and prebiotics to allogeneic-HSCT recipients reduced the incidence of acute GVHD that associated with preservation of butyrate-producing commensals ( 146 ). Modulation of the gut microbiota and its derivatives should be time and context dependent. …