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Exploring How Initial Response to Instruction Predicts Morphology Outcomes Among Students With Decoding Difficulties.

Children with weak decoding skills often struggle to learn multisyllabic words during reading instruction. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which initial response to morphological awareness instruction, along with specific language and cognitive variables (i.e., phonological awareness, rapid naming, orthographic knowledge/awareness, verbal comprehension, working memory), predicts responsiveness to morphological awareness instruction for third-grade students who were at risk for reading disabilities. Thirty-nine third-grade students with decoding deficits were

IQ of four-year-olds who go on to develop dyslexia.

Do children who go on to develop dyslexia show normal verbal and nonverbal development before reading onset? According to the aptitude-achievement discrepancy model, dyslexia is defined as a discrepancy between intelligence and reading achievement. One of the underlying assumptions is that the general cognitive development of children who fail to learn to read has been normal. The current study tests this assumption. In addition, we investigated whether possible IQ deficits are uniquely related to later reading or are also related to arithmetic. Four-year-olds (N = 212) with and without famili

Strategies for case-based training with virtual patients: An experimental study of the impact of integrating mental model articulation and self-reflection.

Resilient system performance in high-stakes settings, which includes the ability to monitor, respond, anticipate, and learn, can be enhanced for trainees through simulation of realistic scenarios enhanced by augmented reality. Active learning strategies can enhance simulation-based training, particularly the mental model articulation principle where students are prompted to anticipate what will happen next and the reflection principle where students self-assess their performance compared to a gold standard expert model. In this paper, we compared simulation-based training for trauma care with

[Early language assessment and therapy].

A child's functional language develops during his first three years as a part of its general development (motor, senses, affection and cognition) based upon components of non-verbal communication and progressive learning of phonological, lexical and syntactic capabilities, first from a receptive then from an expressive side. When difficulties in the development of a child are observed, the assessment of its capacity of non-verbal communication and understanding allows defining the necessary conditions to install an oral language. Secondly, the speech therapist evaluates the level of the langua

Cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia during auditory word and tone working memory demonstrated by functional magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: Verbal learning and memory deficits are among the most severe cognitive deficits observed in schizophrenia. We have demonstrated that such deficits do not extend to working memory for tones in a substantial number of patients even when verbal working memory is impaired. In this study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the neural basis of this dissociation of auditory verbal and nonverbal working memory in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS: While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 12 schizophrenic patients and 12 matched control subjects per…

Корреляции неточностей в сообщении о поглощении энергии среди лиц с множественным склерозом.

Лица с множественным склерозом (МС) заинтересованы в рационе питания в качестве второго подхода к лечению заболеваний. В этом исследовании были изучены потенциальные переменные, которые соотносятся с неточностью данных о самопоглощении энергии (ЭИ) у взрослых с МЗ. МЕТОДЫ: Twenty-eight Число завершенных участников two назначений в рамках системы Организации 14-day b) период, который включал стандартный протокол с двойной маркировкой воды (ДЛВ) для оценки общих расходов на энергию (ПЭЭ). Участники сообщили о том, что они используют автоматизированную систему самоуправления 24 h (ASA24) Инструме

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are interested in diet as a second-line approach for disease management. This st … followed by linear regression analyses for identifying independent correlates. RESULTS: California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition (CVLT-II) z-scores and light physical activity (LPA) were significantly associated with mean absolute difference in EI (r = -0.53 and r = 0.46, respectively). CVLT-II z-scores and LPA were the only variables significantly associa …

Clinical, Neuropsychological, and Neuroimaging Characteristics of Amyloid- positive vs. Amyloid-negative Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and an even higher proportion of patient … of hypertension history, better performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the Judgement of Line Orientation, lower score of MTA, and were less likely to have temporoparietal-predominant hypometabolism on FDG PET. Affective symptoms were less common in PiB negative patients diagnosed with AD, and the Animal Fluen …

Neurocognitive deficits in severe COVID-19 infection: Case series and proposed model.

Objective: To date, very few studies investigating neurocognitive deficits in COVID-19 have been published. This case series addresses cognition in post-COVID-19 patient by describing three patients in acute rehabilitation to inform a model of cognitive sequelae of COVID-19. Methods: Three English-speaking inpatients with severe symptoms and long-term intensive care unit (ICU) treatment are described. All patients had a premorbid history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia and experienced delirium and hypoxemia when hospitalized. Patient 1 is a 62-year-old male with 15 years of education with a

Investigating the separate and interactive associations of trauma and depression on brain structure: implications for cognition and aging.

OBJECTIVE: Trauma and depression are associated with brain structural alterations; their combined effects on these outcomes are unclear. We previously reported a negative effect of trauma, independent of depression, on verbal learning and memory; less is known about underlying structural associates. We investigated separate and interactive associations of trauma and depression on brain structure. METHODS: Adults aged 30-89 (N = 203) evaluated for depression (D+) and trauma history (T+) using structured clinical interviews were divided into 53 D+T+, 42 D+T-, 50 D-T+, and 58 D-T-. Multivariable…

Exploring the Effect of Single-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Attention, Verbal Fluency, and Working Memory in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementia.

OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Transcranial direct current stimulatio … went cognitive assessment using the Standardized Mini-Mental Test, Clock Drawing Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Functional Activities Questionnaire, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. A single-session tDCS was administered by applying anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC for a duration of 30 mi …

Symptomatic remission and neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants with schizophrenia to explore a potential association between the patients … nia. Next to pre-morbid intelligence, attention performance, executive functioning, verbal fluency, verbal learning and memory, working memory and visual memory were assessed. The joint effect of remission status and neurocognitive functioning on treatment outcome was investigated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Out of 140 patients included in the stud …

The Road to Language Learning Is Not Entirely Iconic: Iconicity, Neighborhood Density, and Frequency Facilitate Acquisition of Sign Language.

Iconic mappings between words and their meanings are far more prevalent than once estimated and seem to support children's acquisition of new words, spoken or signed. We asked whether iconicity's prevalence in sign language overshadows two other factors known to support the acquisition of spoken vocabulary: neighborhood density (the number of lexical items phonologically similar to the target) and lexical frequency. Using mixed-effects logistic regressions, we reanalyzed 58 parental reports of native-signing deaf children's productive acquisition of 332 signs in American Sign Language (ASL; An

A meta-analysis of morphological interventions: effects on literacy achievement of children with literacy difficulties.

This study synthesizes 79 standardized mean-change differences between control and treatment groups from 17 independent studies, investigating the effect of morphological interventions on literacy outcomes for students with literacy difficulties. Average total sample size ranged from 15 to 261 from a wide range of grade levels. Overall, morphological instruction showed a significant improvement on literacy achievement (d = 0.33). Specifically, its effect was significant on several literacy outcomes such as phonological awareness (d = 0.49), morphological awareness (d = 0.40), vocabulary (d = 0

Phonological similarity neighborhoods and children's short-term memory: typical development and dyslexia.

In this article, we explore whether structural characteristics of the phonological lexicon affect serial recall in typically developing and dyslexic children. Recent work has emphasized the importance of long-term phonological representations in supporting short-term memory performance. This occurs via redintegration (reconstruction) processes, which show significant neighborhood density effects in adults. We assessed whether serial recall in children was affected by neighborhood density in word and nonword tasks. Furthermore, we compared dyslexic children with typically developing children of

Executive skills in Klinefelter's syndrome.

Executive skills are those involved in concept formation, problem solving, switching tasks, inhibiting inappropriate responses, initiating rapid and fluent responses, planning and sustained attention. Different patterns of disorder amongst these skills have been found in several developmental abnormalities including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Turner's syndrome (TS). This study explored, for the first time, executive skills in children with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS), a sex chromosome abnormality in which there is one or more additional X-chromosomes. Intellige

Encoding, metacognitive, auto attributional processes and memory in mentally retarded adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of the capability to retain sets of names after a training programme administered to 38 (20 men, 18 women) mentally retarded adolescents aged 14-19 years (mean IQ = 57) who underwent training for 31 weeks. A single-case research design was used because the subjects varied in age, IQ, and pathological origin of retardation. Data confirm the results of a 1994 study and demonstrate the utility of systematic, diversified training in improving information-processing strategies on the one hand, and raising meta-mnemonic and autoattributional awar

Deficits in long-term memory are not characteristic of ADHD. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

To separate the influence of inattentiveness from memory, we examined savings scores on material previously learned in 53 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 63 with a reading disability (RD), 63 with both ADHD and RD combined, and 112 controls. Children with reading disabilities were impaired in their ability to remember previously-learned material unless it was repeated over four trials, whereas children with only ADHD performed as well as the controls for material presented only once. Children with ADHD did perform poorly on three subtests that are sensitive to at

Instrument for locating students with suspected learning disabilities: a quantitative approach.

The instrument to locate students with learning disabilities was developed to create equality and uniformity, so that such difficulties could be spotted independently of socialization factors, teachers and parents to whom the student had been exposed. The instrument was developed on the basis of research that defines the reading rate of students with reading disabilities in words per minute, the minimum number of errors for locating writing disabilities, and the number of answers and lines a student uses to reconstruct the content of a passage adapted to his or her age level. The research carr

Facilitation of class-inclusion performance in mildly retarded adolescents: feedback and strategy training.

Two experiments were conducted to explore the feasibility of training mildly retarded adolescents to solve class-inclusion problems. In Experiment 1, the effects of training consisting primarily of feedback were investigated. In Experiment 2, training with feedback alone vs. training with feedback plus a counting strategy was compared. Both experiments assessed the generality of training effects to specific training and/or posttest formats. Results suggested that training was generally effective in improving performance with untrained class-inclusion problems on immediate and delayed posttests

Neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial and viral meningitis.

Survivors of meningitis often complain about neurological and neuropsychological consequences. In this study, the extent of these sequelae w … Patients with a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of <5 had more frequently impaired test results for non-verbal learning and memory. GOS was also correlated with performance in executive functions. Brain volume was lower and ventricular volume was higher in the bacterial than in the VM group, and cerebral volume and the amount of white matter lesions of patients after …