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Four-Dimensional Anatomical Spinal Reconstruction in Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

UNLABELLED: Recent surgical techniques involve 3-dimensional (3D) deformity correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)1-4. However, … L3. With both rod types, the cranial apex is created. There are 11 shapes of pre-bent, notch-free, cobalt-chromium alloy rods available in Japan7-9. Once the 2 spinal rods are connected to all polyaxial screw heads, the rods are simultaneously rotated1,2,5,7. ALTERNATIVES: Typical thoracic AIS exhibits thoracic hypokyphosis. Therefore, correction of th …

A Modified Self-Growing Rod Technique for Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis.

UNLABELLED: Surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) remains challenging as no definitive surgical technique has emerged as the sin … strumentation and are passed as medially as possible to avoid damage to the facet joints. Four 5-mm cobalt-chromium rods are cut, contoured, and inserted at each end of the construct. Ipsilateral rods are secured with use of sublaminar wires, making sure that they overlap over a sufficient length to allow for the remaining spinal growth. Correction of th …

Gestational exposure to metals and small vulnerable newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Small vulnerable newborns (SVNs), defined as babies affected by preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), or low bir … ospecimen types. Particularly, elevated blood Arsenic (As), Cd, Molybdenum (Mo), Pb and urinary Cd, Cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), Hg, and Nickel (Ni) were associated with increased odds of PTB: As (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.001-1,70), Cd (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.48), Mo (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01-1.58), Pb (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09-1.48), Cd (OR: 1.28, …

Antimicrobial activity and nanoremediation of heavy metals using biosynthesized CS/GO/ZnO nanocomposite by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 alone or immobilized in a macroporous cryogel.

BACKGROUND: The world society is still suffering greatly from waterborne infections, with developing countries bearing most of the morbidity … . Moreover, cryogel significantly decreased the concentration of different heavy metals, especially cobalt compared to chlorine (0.004 ppm, 0.002 ppm, and 0.001 ppm for raw water, chlorine-treated, and cryogel-treated groups, respectively) which helped in the reduction of their toxic effects. CONCLUSION: This study provides an effective, promising, safe …

[Hepatotoxicity of cinnabar and its compound in mice after administration based on content of metal elements in vivo].

The toxic effects of mercury and trace metal elements in cinnabar on the liver of mice were investigated, and the toxicity of cinnabar was c … with the lowest content were scandium(Sc), titanium(Ti), vanadium(V), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), cobalt(Co), nickel(Ni), and strontium(Sr). The relative standard deviation(RSD) of Hg content in the liver of mice in each drug administration group compared with that in the control group was 136%. The highest Hg content was found in the mice in the high- …

RHOBTB3 promotes proteasomal degradation of HIFα through facilitating hydroxylation and suppresses the Warburg effect.

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are master regulators of adaptive responses to low oxygen, and their α-subunits are rapidly degraded through the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal pathway after hydroxylation. Aberrant accumulation or activation of HIFs is closely linked to many types of cancer. However, how hydroxylation of HIFα and its delivery to the ubiquitination machinery are regulated remains unclear. Here we show that Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 3 (RHOBTB3) directly interacts with the hydroxylase PHD2 to promote HIFα hydroxylation. RHOBTB3 also directly interacts with t

Hypoxia promotes fibrogenesis in human renal fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying progressive renal fibrosis are unknown, but the common association of fibrosis and microvascular loss suggests that hypoxia per se may be a fibrogenic stimulus. METHODS: To determine whether human renal fibroblasts (HRFs), the primary matrix-producing cells in the tubulointerstitium, possess oxygen-sensitive responses relevant to fibrogenesis, cells were exposed to 1% O2 in vitro. RESULTS: Hypoxia simultaneously stimulated extracellular matrix synthesis and suppressed turnover with increased production of collagen alpha1(I) (Coll-I), decreased expression

Application of deformity principles in the management of spinal neoplasms: A Primer.

BACKGROUND: With advances in surgical techniques, radiation, and systemic therapy, prognoses and quality of life have improved amongst patients with primary and metastatic vertebral column tumors. Sagittal deformity is known to have an adverse impact on patient quality of life but has been largely ignored in this study population. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on articles germane to the study of spinal deformity in the context of oncologic disease. Articles included those focusing on bone health, the association of spinal deformity with oncologic spine dis

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… Of the conventional implant materials, titanium alloy rods create less artifact than cobalt chrome rods [ 54 ], allowing for improved surveillance and more accurate radiotherapy planning [ 55 ]. … Titanium implants were selected so as to improve long-term surveillance relative to cobalt-chrome implants; CFR-PEEK implants were not widely available at the time of her surgery. Fig. 4 Case 2. …

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α-AA-modified bone marrow stem cells protect PC12 cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis, partially through VEGF/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to improve neurological function recovery in cerebral ischemia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α-AA is a more stable mutant form of HIF-1α, which is a crucial oxygen-sensitive regulator. To investigate the protective effects of HIF-1α-AA-modified BMSCs on neuron survival in cerebral ischemia models, we co-cultured HIF-1α-AA-modified BMSCs with neuron-like cells (PC12 cells) and observed a significant increase in the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from BMSCs, the decreased PC12 cell apoptosis, and the upregulation of Survi

Differential regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) splice variants based on alternative initiation of transcription.

The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is a key-regulator of transport, cell volume and cell survival. SGK1 transcription is under genomic control of a wide variety of hormones and cell stressors. Little is known, however, about sequence variation in SGK1 transcripts. Thus, we took an in silico approach to determine sequence variations in the N-terminal region of SGK1, which is considered particularly important for subcellular SGK1 localization. Expressed Sequence Tag analysis revealed two novel phylogenetically highly conserved SGK1 mRNAs with different promoter sites based o

Osmotic and hypoxic induction of the complement factor C9 in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Regulation of VEGF and NLRP3 expression.

PURPOSE: Variants of complement factor genes, hypoxia and oxidative stress of the outer retina, and systemic hypertension affect the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Hypertension often results from the high intake of dietary salt that increases extracellular osmolarity. We determined the effects of extracellular hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress on the expression of complement genes in cultured (dedifferentiated) human RPE cells and investigated the effects of C9 siRNA and C9 protein on RPE cells. METHODS: Hyperosmolarity was induced by adding 100 mM NaCl or sucrose to t

Mersalyl is a novel inducer of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activity.

In response to hypoxia, mammalian cells express multiple gene products [including erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] that serve to increase O2 delivery, as well as glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes (such as enolase 1) that allow metabolic adaptation to decreased O2 availability. Increased transcription of the genes encoding these proteins in hypoxic cells is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Expression of HIF-1 and downstream genes can also be induced by exposure of cells to divalent metals

Abluminus DES+ sirolimus-eluting stent versus everolimus-eluting stent in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease (ABILITY Diabetes Global): results from a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: In patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes increases the risk of restenosis and adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The Abluminus DES+ is a thin-strut cobalt-chromium sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) with abluminal and balloon-surface coating intended to enhance drug delivery to the vessel wall. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the Abluminus DES+ SES versus the XIENCE durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent (EES) in patients with diabetes undergoing PCI. METHODS: ABILITY Diabetes Global was a multicentre, prospective, o…

Early versus delayed postoperative radiotherapy for treatment of low-grade gliomas.

BACKGROUND: This is an update of the review originally published in 2011 and first updated in 2015. In most people with low-grade gliomas (L … a). Radiotherapy may include conformal external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with linear accelerator or cobalt-60 sources, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three review authors independently assessed the trials for inclusion and risk of bias, and extracted study data. We resolved any …

Comprehensive update on cancer scenario of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh, at 142 million people, is the ninth most populous country in the world. There are 13 to 15 lakh cancer patients in Bangladesh, with about two lakh patients newly diagnosed with cancer each year. As an overview, lung cancer and mouth-oropharynx cancer rank as the top two prevalent cancers in males. Other types of cancers are esophagus cancer and stomach cancer. In women, cancer cervix uteri and breast cancer are most prevalent. Other cancer types, which affect women, are mouth and oropharynx cancer, lung cancer, and esophagus cancer. There are around 150 qualified clinical oncologis

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… There are only 15 Linear Accelerators installed in the country with two installed in a rural area. 12 Cobalt- 60 machines and 12 brachytherapy machines are installed in Bangladesh [ Table 3 ]. …

Insights into Imprinting: How Is the Phenomenon of Tribocorrosion at Head-Neck Taper Interfaces Related to Corrosion, Fretting, and Implant Design Parameters?

BACKGROUND: Wear and corrosion at modular neck tapers in THA can lead to major clinical implications such as periprosthetic osteolysis, adve … r can a different mechanistic explanation for imprinting be derived? METHODS: Thirty-one THAs with cobalt-chromium-molybdenum-alloy (CoCrMo) heads retrieved between 2013 and 2019 at revision surgery from an institutional registry were investigated. Inclusion criteria were: 12/14 tapers, a head size of 36 mm or smaller, time in situ more than 1 year, and …

Effectiveness and Safety of Vertebral Body Stenting for Acute Spinal Compression Fractures due to Primary Osteoporosis: A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Study.

INTRODUCTION: Segmental spinal deformity results from vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and progressive collapse of the fractured vertebral body (VB). The VB stenting (VBS) systemⓇ comprises a balloon-assisted, expandable, intrasomatic, metal stent that helps maintain the restored VB during balloon removal and cement injection, which minimizes cement leakage. We performed a prospective, multicenter, clinical trial of the VBS system in Japanese patients with acute VCF owing to primary osteoporosis. METHODS: Herein, 88 patients, 25 men and 63 women aged 77.4±8.3 years, with low back pain, nu

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… Materials and Methods Study devices The VBS system (Synthes GmbH, Oberdorf, Switzerland) evaluated herein comprises two parts, i.e., one is an expandable (by inflating a balloon), intrasomatic, cobalt-chromium alloy device and the other is for injection of bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate; PMMA) … to MRI. 16 | Pregnancy or planning to become pregnant during the study period. 17 | Current participation in another clinical trial or participation in another clinical trial in the past 3 months. 18 | Contraindications to spinal reconstruction with internal fixation. 19 | Known hypersensitivity to cobalt–chromium …

Proton-mediated feedback inhibition of presynaptic calcium channels at the cone photoreceptor synapse.

Generation of center-surround antagonistic receptive fields in the outer retina occurs via inhibitory feedback modulation of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels in cone photoreceptor synaptic terminals. Both conventional and unconventional neurotransmitters, as well as an ephaptic effect, have been proposed, but the intercellular messaging that mediates the inhibitory feedback signal from postsynaptic horizontal cells (HCs) to cones remains unknown. We examined the possibility that proton concentration in the synaptic cleft is regulated by HCs and that it carries the feedback signal to

Have Surgery and Implant Modifications Been Associated With Reduction in Soft Tissue Complications in Transfemoral Bone-anchored Prostheses?

BACKGROUND: The most frequently occurring adverse events in individuals with a transfemoral amputation treated with a bone-anchored prosthes … ansfemoral bone-anchored prosthesis users, depending on whether they had a conventional stoma and a cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo) osseointegration implant (treatment period 2009 to 2013) or a shallower stoma and titanium osseointegration implant (2015 to 2018)? (2) What is the incidence of serious complications, such as bone or implant infection, ase …

The contribution of spirituality and religiousness to the quality of life of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. A significant proportion of all patients with cancer require radiotherapy as part of their treatment. Cancer can be very terrifying for patients undergoing radiotherapy, especially when it undermines their ability to hope or cope. In Ghana, where religious and spiritual beliefs play a significant role in many individuals' lives, understanding how these factors affect patients' well-being during cancer treatment is crucial. This study examined the contribution of spirituality and religiousness to the quality of life (QoL)

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… The radiotherapy centre operates a 1.25 MeV cobalt-60 teletherapy machine and a 6 MV linear accelerator, both of which are used to treat patients with cancers of various primary and metastatic sites either curatively or palliatively. … Most of the patients were treated with curative intent ( n = 76, 84.4%) and on the cobalt-60 teletherapy machine ( n = 63, 70%). Table 1. Sociodemographic and treatment-related characteristics of the respondents. MV: megavolts. …