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Role of Y(2) receptors in the regulation of gastric tone in rats.

We set out to determine the effect of peptide YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)) on the gastric muscle tone in conscious rats by measuring intragastric pressure (IGP) during intragastric nutrient drink infusion. After an overnight fast, a chronically implanted gastric fistula was connected to a custom-made nutrient drink infusion system and a catheter to measure IGP. IGP was measured before and during the infusion of a nutrient drink (Nutridrink; 0.5 ml/min) until 10 ml was infused. Rats were treated with PYY(3-36) (0, 33, and 100 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1)) in combination with a subcutaneous injection of the Y(2)

Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the SUN study.

BACKGROUND: Adherence of 95% or greater to highly active combination antiretroviral therapy is generally considered necessary to achieve opt … iagnosed with HIV ≥5 years ago (aOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.18-3.24 vs. being HIV-diagnosed <5 years ago), drinking three or more drinks per day (aOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02-2.91 vs. drinking <3 drinks per day), and having not engaged in any aerobic exercise in the last 30 days (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.25-3.57). CONCLUSION: Although the above factors may not be causall …

Alcohol use, physical performance, and functional limitations in older men.

OBJECTIVES: To describe associations between recent alcohol intake, physical performance, and functional limitations in older men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Six U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand nine hundred sixty-two men aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported functional limitations; problem drinking history (>or=2 positive responses on the CAGE questionnaire); history of sustained excessive drinking (history of consumption of >or=5 drinks/day on most days); and alcohol intake categorized by drinks/week (0=abstainers, n=2,116; < 1=intermittent, n=739)…

The influence of milk intake on the lead toxicity to the sensory nervous system in lead workers.

The dietary calcium supplement has been suggested to children and pregnant women for prevention of lead toxicity, because of lead-calcium in … , were also collected and analyzed in multiple regressions. 23 workers who reported never or rarely drinking milk, which meant that they have suffered from diarrhea or abdomen discomfort after drinking milk since childhood, had higher blood lead parameters but not statistically significant, and higher thresholds in sensory nerve tests, especially, statisti …

A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence or abuse.

The opioid antagonist, naltrexone, is reported, in single centre studies, to improve the clinical outcome of individuals with alcohol depend … adjunct to psychosocial treatment. The primary efficacy variable was time to first episode of heavy drinking; secondary efficacy assessments included time to first drink, alcohol consumption, craving, and changes in the serum biological markers gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. Compliance was assessed by tablet …

Pregaming and Harm Reduction: Comparison of Specific Alcohol PBS Among Pregaming and Non-pregaming College Students.

Pregaming places college students at a higher risk for experiencing alcohol related negative consequences likely through less use of alcohol … at modifying how one drinks, perhaps due to their potential for limiting pregaming behaviors (i.e., drinking heavily and quickly). Future research and clinical implications are discussed.

A network analysis of alcohol-related harms: An exploratory study in United Kingdom adolescents.

BACKGROUND: This study applied a network analysis approach to the study of individual self-reported alcohol-related harms (ARHs) across four … with age. However, the most serious ARHs (e.g., getting in trouble with the police because of your drinking) remained relatively rare, even at age 15. Actively planning to get drunk, coupled with an inability to control levels of intoxication (drinking more than planned) appeared central to each network, facilitating the emergence of all other ARHs. While …

Maternal binge alcohol consumption leads to distinctive acute perturbations in embryonic cardiac gene expression profiles.

BACKGROUND: Excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with high risk of congenital heart defects, but it is unclear how alcohol specifically affects heart development during the acute aftermath of a maternal binge drinking episode. We hypothesize that administration of a single maternal binge dose of alcohol to pregnant mice at embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) causes perturbations in the expression patterns of specific genes in the developing heart in the acute period (1-3 days) following the binge episode. To test this hypothesis and identify strong candidate ethanol-sensitive targ…

Effects of access to a running wheel on food, water and ethanol intake in rats bred to accept ethanol.

Rats from the University of Indiana lines bred to accept ethanol (P rats) and not to accept ethanol (NP rats) were divided into two groups of 3 rats per group. The first group of P and NP rats was given free access to food, water and 5% (w/v) ethanol 24 h a day. After food, water and ethanol intake stabilized, a running wheel was introduced into the cage. Access to the running wheel decreased ethanol intake and increased water intake in P rats. When the running wheel was locked in place, ethanol intake by P rats increased, but when the wheel was unlocked again, no decrease in ethanol intake oc

Bionic sleep therapy combined with multimodal management for chronic insomnia with alcohol withdrawal-related symptoms: A case report.

RATIONALE: Patients who use alcohol as a sleep aid may experience withdrawal-related insomnia and hyperarousal, which can reinforce continued drinking. Bionic sleep therapy (BST) is an exploratory intervention using intravenous anesthetic and sedative agents under close monitoring to induce a brief, controllable, sleep-like state. It may provide short-term support for sleep initiation during early alcohol withdrawal. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 71-year-old man had chronic insomnia for over 15 years and consumed 100 to 200 mL of Chinese baijiu nightly to initiate sleep, with additional alcohol after n…

Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy May Enhance Conservation Values in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Psilocybin can produce long-term changes in personality, personal values, and behavior. Although psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) is being actively studied for various psychiatric conditions, its effects on personal values in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) remain unexplored. This study examined the effects of PAT on personal values in patients with AUD and assessed relationships between value changes, acute psilocybin experiences, and drinking outcomes. METHODS: In a phase II clinical trial (NCT02061293), 93 participants with AUD received 12 weeks of treatment, includin…

Prevalence, predictors, correlates, and dynamic changes in the NIAAA-defined "recovery" definition.

BACKGROUND: Definitions of alcohol use disorder (AUD) "recovery" abound, but the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) was the first to offer an operational definition ("AUD remission with no heavy drinking"). Little is known about this definition or how it compares to others. Greater knowledge would inform its clinical and public health utility. DESIGN: Multisite, single-group, prospective study of individuals beginning a new AUD recovery attempt (N = 442) assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months on AUD symptoms, alcohol use, and functioning/well-being. Hidden Markov…

Behavioral design for reducing alcohol consumption in aging: A mobile messaging randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: There is a need for efficient and effective assessment, prevention, and intervention for alcohol use among older adults (ages … gram tailored to older adults that includes daily self-tracking and messages to encourage moderated drinking. We then conducted an exploratory, fully remote, single-blind randomized controlled study (NCT06126107) comparing three behaviorally designed messaging programs over a period of 8 weeks: gain-framed, loss-framed, and hybrid which alternated gain and …

Variations in documentation of alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses across race, ethnicity, and sex in a health system that assesses AUD symptoms as part of routine primary care.

INTRODUCTION: Prior studies have highlighted potential inequities in provider-documented alcohol use disorder (AUD) across race, ethnicity, and sex. Whether subgroup differences in AUD reflect true variation or diagnostic disparities is unknown. This study aims to describe variations in the prevalence of provider-documented AUD across race, ethnicity, and sex: 1) after adjustment for alcohol consumption, and 2) after additional adjustment for patient-reported AUD symptoms. METHODS: In Kaiser Permanente Washington, patients with high-risk drinking (AUDIT-C score 7-12; 2.4 % of screened patient…

Mixed messages? Exposure to reports about alcohol's suggested cardiovascular effects and hazardous alcohol use: a cross-sectional study of patients in cardiology care.

BACKGROUND: Hazardous alcohol use is a leading risk factor for disability and death, yet observational studies have also reported reduced cardiovascular disease mortality among regular, low-level drinkers. Such findings are refuted by more recent research, yet have received significant media coverage. We aimed to explore: (1) how patients with cardiovascular diseases access health information about moderate drinking and cardiovascular health; (2) the perceived messages these sources convey, and (3) associations with own level of alcohol use. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of p…

Eczema and Petechiae in an Infant.

BACKGROUNDDespite growing preclinical evidence that glucagon-like peptide1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be repurposed to treat alcohol … rs. We further tested the effects of 2 DPP-4Is, linagliptin and omarigliptin, on binge-like alcohol drinking in mice and operant oral alcohol self administration in alcohol-dependent rats, models previously used to show a significant effect of the GLP-1RA semaglutide in reducing alcohol intake.RESULTSGLP-1RA recipients reported a greater reduction in AUDIT …

Acute ethanol-induced liver injury is prevented by betaine administration.

Binge drinking is the most common form of excessive alcohol use. Repeated episodes of binge drinking cause multiple organ injuries, including liver damage. We previously demonstrated that chronic ethanol administration causes a decline in the intrahepatic ratio of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). This decline causes impairments in essential methylation reactions that result in alcohol-induced fatty liver (steatosis) and other features of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Co-treatment with betaine during chronic ethanol feeding, normalizes hepatocellular SAM:SAH…

Водоснабжение, санитария и гигиена (WASH)

Санитария, чистота и доступ к чистой воде имеют важное значение для поддержания здоровья и благосостояния людей. Плохие методы водоснабжения, санитарии и гигиены связаны с болезнями, которые приводят к плохим последствиям для здоровья, такими, как пневмония и диарея, трахома, инфекция штурмовиков, передаваемых из почвы, инфекция дыхательных путей и легочный туберкулез. Цель этого исследования заключается в оценке практики водоснабжения, санитарии и гигиены домашних хозяйств в сельских и городских полевых районах медицинского колледжа и больницы Дханалаксми Сринивасана, Перамбалур, Индия, и в в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background Sanitation, cleanliness, and access to clean water are essential for maintaining human health and well-being. Poor water, sanitat … ong the 278 households, 118 respondents were from rural areas and 160 (57.7%) from urban areas. For drinking water, 31.4% of rural households used tube wells or boreholes, while 56.8% of those used public taps. In metropolitan areas, 25.6% of people used bottled water and 54.4% used water from tanker trucks. In terms of sanitation, 25.2% of households lack …

Texture Consumption Patterns of 8- to 12-Month-Old Infants: A Reflection of Typical Feeding Development.

Purpose The lack of age-appropriate expectations for the acquisition of feeding skills and consumption of textured food in early childhood inhibits early and accurate identification of developmental delay in feeding and pediatric feeding disorder. The objective of this study was to describe texture intake patterns in a cohort of typically developing infants between 8 and 12 months of age, with the aim of informing future research to establish targets for feeding skill acquisition. Method Using cross-sectional methodology, we studied the presence of liquid and solid textures and drinking method…