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Modulation of GSK-3β activity in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.

Alphaviruses, including Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV), cause disease in both equine and humans that exhibit overt encephalitis in a significant percentage of cases. Features of the host immune response and tissue-specific responses may contribute to fatal outcomes as well as the development of encephalitis. It has previously been shown that VEEV infection of mice induces transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines genes (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, iNOS and TNF-α) within 6 h. GSK-3β is a host protein that is known to modulate pro-inflammatory gene expression and has been a therapeu

[Evaluation of immunity against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and dengue in the human population of San Carlos, the Almirante Padilla Island Municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela. 1996].

The Insular Municipality of Almirante Padilla, historically, has been affected by Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) epidemics, that have occurred cyclically in the Paez, Mara and Almirante Padilla Municipalities of the State of Zulia. During the last epidemic outbreak (1995), the studies reported a great number of cases of VEE in humans, based on epidemiologic-clinical diagnosis; occupying this municipality, the first place in the attack rate by the virus. At the same time, Dengue has been defined as an endemic illness affecting different regions, whose etiologic agent has previously circul

Congenital defects in newborn foals of mares treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis during pregnancy.

Three weak, recumbent neonatal foals with skin lesions, including a thin wooly coat, were born to mares being treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Mares received sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, folic acid, and vitamin E orally. Foals were anemic, leukopenic, azotemic, hyponatremic, and hyperkalemic. Serum folate concentrations in the 3 foals and 2 mares were lower than those reported in the literature for clinically normal brood mares. Treatment was unsuccessful. For each foal, necropsy revealed lobulated kidneys with thin cortices and a pale medulla, a

Complex-specific immunoglobulin M antibody patterns in humans infected with alphaviruses.

Sera from humans with serologically confirmed eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, Pogosta (Ockelbo), Mayaro, Ross River, and chikungunya virus infections were tested by immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme immunoassay. Diagnostically useful IgM antibody titers were detected, and selected sera with high IgM antibody titers were tested for IgM antibody with nine heterologous alphaviruses. The results provide evidence for the complex specificity of IgM antibody and indicate the usefulness of this test in both individual cases and epidemic situations.

Viral infections of the nervous system.

Neurotropic viruses cause a number of important infectious syndromes including encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, and radiculopathy. In this review, the biology of conventional and unconventional viruses is examined. The host immune response to viruses is discussed, and patterns of viral pathogenesis are explained. The clinical features, laboratory findings, management of important viral infections, such as herpes simplex encephalitis and epidemic encephalitis, are presented. Post-infection syndromes, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome, and chronic viral infections, such as those causing pro

AI in Medical Questionnaires: Scoping Review.

UNLABELLED: This systematic review aimed to explore the current applications, potential benefits, and issues of artificial intelligence (AI) … iteria. AI technologies showed significant advantages in assessment, such as distinguishing myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome from long COVID-19 with 92.18% accuracy. In questionnaire development, natural language processing using generative models such as ChatGPT was used to construct culturally competent scales. In terms of disease prediction, …

Abnormal breathing patterns and hyperventilation are common in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome during exercise.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, mental fog, and worsening fatigue after physical or mental efforts. Some of these patients have been found to hyperventilate. In long COVID patients, many of whom also have ME/CFS, dysfunctional breathing (DB) has been described. Whether patients with ME/CFS, independent of COVID-19, experience dysfunctional breathing is unknown, as well as how it may relate to hyperventilation. METHODS: We performed serial 2-day cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in 57 patient…

Oxymatrine alleviates Echinococcus multilocularis infection by remodeling the liver immune microenvironment and intestinal flora homeostasis.

BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that poses a grave threat to human health. Recent studies have indi … ulate gut microbiota, thus treating various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nevertheless, the role of the aforementioned organism in alveolar echinococcosis remains to be elucidated. METHODS: This study evaluated the effects of oxymatrine (OMT) at concentrations of 0.25 mM, 0.35 mM, 0.75 mM, 1 mM, and 1.25 mM on Echinococ …

Протеолипид Протеин-1 и его периферальная изоформа DM20 у пациентов с аутоиммунными расстройствами CNS.

: Антитела для протеолипидного белка-1 (PLP1-IgG), крупного центрального миелина, также выраженного в периферической нервной системе (PNS) в качестве изоформы DM20, ранее были идентифицированы главным образом у пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS), с неясными клиническими последствиями. Однако большинство исследований основывалось на неконформационных иммуномассах и охватывало лишь небольшое число пациентов с аутоиммунными расстройствами демиелионации (АДД), не относящимися к ПС CNS. Мы стремились изучить конформацию PLP1-IgG во всем спектре ОДЗ.МЕТОДЫ: Мы разработали новый анализ на основ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antibodies to proteolipid protein-1 (PLP1-IgG), a major central myelin protein also expressed in the peripheral n … ols and 42 of 1104 patients with ADDs mainly diagnosed as other ADDs (19/42) with frequent myelitis/encephalomyelitis (14/19) and coexisting PNS involvement (13/19). Four of 19 patients with other ADDs fulfilled the seronegative NMOSD criteria. PLP1-IgG were also found in patients with MOGAD (11/42), more frequently with PNS involvement (p = 0.01), and in patients …

Forming a consensus opinion to inform long COVID support mechanisms and interventions: a modified Delphi approach.

BACKGROUND: Current approaches to support patients living with post-COVID condition, also known as Long COVID, are highly disparate with lim … ress and well-being, and research of pre-existing conditions with similar symptoms, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis, should also be considered when supporting people with long COVID. INTERPRETATION: We provide an outline that achieved consensus with stakeholders that could be used to inform the design and implementation of bespoke long COVID support mechanisms. …

Development of a translational inflammation panel for the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid Pterin, Tryptophan-Kynurenine and Nitric oxide pathway metabolites.

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammatory diseases such as encephalitis, meningitis, multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases with inflammator … ocyte glycoprotein encephalitis n=3, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis n=2, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis n=2, herpes simplex encephalitis n=1, enteroviral encephalitis n=1) and frequency-matched non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (n=10) were examined. FINDINGS: The method exhibited good sensitivity as the limits of quantification ranged be …

Immunosuppressive Amino-Acid Catabolizing Enzymes in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system. Although the pathogenesis o … mycin (mTOR) pathway. Similarly, IDO1-deficient mice showed exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), increased Th1 and Th17 cells, and decreased Treg cells. On the contrary, the administration of downstream Trp metabolite 3-HAA, inhibits Th1/Th17 effector cells and promotes Treg response by up-regulating TGF-β production by dendritic cells, …

Neuroimaging manifestations in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multinational, multicentre collaborative study.

BACKGROUND: The CNS manifestations of COVID-19 in children have primarily been described in case reports, which limit the ability to appreci … to severe. The most common imaging patterns were postinfectious immune-mediated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis-like changes of the brain (16 patients), myelitis (eight patients), and neural enhancement (13 patients). Cranial nerve enhancement could occur in the absence of corresponding neurological symptoms. Splenial lesions (seven patients) and myositis (fo …

Contribution of a single host genetic locus to mouse adenovirus type 1 infection and encephalitis.

UNLABELLED: Susceptibility to mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) is mouse strain dependent; susceptible mice die from hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis. The MAV-1 susceptibility quantitative trait locus Msq1 accounts for ~40% of the phenotypic (brain viral load) variance that occurs between resistant BALB/c and susceptible SJL mice after MAV-1 infection. Using an interval-specific congenic mouse strain (C.SJL-Msq1(SJL)), in which the SJL-derived allele Msq1(SJL) is present in a BALB/c background, we demonstrate that Msq1(SJL) controls the development of high brain viral titers in response to MAV-1 in…

Neurological Implications of COVID-19 Infections.

The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic will result in substantial neurological disease, whether through direct infection (rare), para-infectious complications (less rare), or critical illness more generally (common). Here, we raise the importance of stringent diagnosis and data collection regarding neurological complications of COVID-19; we urge caution in the over-diagnosis of neurological disease where it does not exist, but equally strongly encourage the concerted surveillance for such conditions. Additional to the direct neurological complications of COVID-19 infection, neurological patien

Axonal and Myelin Neuroprotection by the Peptoid BN201 in Brain Inflammation.

The development of neuroprotective therapies is a sought-after goal. By screening combinatorial chemical libraries using in vitro assays, we identified the small molecule BN201 that promotes the survival of cultured neural cells when subjected to oxidative stress or when deprived of trophic factors. Moreover, BN201 promotes neuronal differentiation, the differentiation of precursor cells to mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, and the myelination of new axons. BN201 modulates several kinases participating in the insulin growth factor 1 pathway including serum-glucocorticoid kinase and midkine, in

Development of a Broadly Accessible Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine Platform.

Zoonotic viruses circulate as swarms in animal reservoirs and can emerge into human populations, causing epidemics that adversely affect public health. Portable, safe, and effective vaccine platforms are needed in the context of these outbreak and emergence situations. In this work, we report the generation and characterization of an alphavirus replicon vaccine platform based on a non-select agent, attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus vaccine, strain 3526 (VRP 3526). Using both noroviruses and coronaviruses as model systems, we demonstrate the utility of the VRP 3526 platform