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Serological Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Febrile Patients and Healthy Blood Donors in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, 2017-2018.

Several Zika virus (ZIKV) seroprevalence studies have been conducted in Africa, Asia, Oceania, the Americas, and the Caribbean. However, studies on ZIKV seroprevalence are limited in Malaysia though several studies have shown that the disease is endemic in the Malaysian state of Sabah. To evaluate the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection, 818 serum samples were collected from febrile patients and healthy blood donors from the Kudat and Kota Kinabalu districts in Sabah from 2017 to 2018. They were screened for ZIKV infection by IgM and IgG ELISA, and positive ZIKV IgM samples were subjected to a 90…

A new insight into the cellular mechanisms of envenomation: Elucidating the role of extracellular vesicles in Loxoscelism.

Envenomation by the Loxosceles genus spiders is a recurring health issue worldwide and specially in the Americas. The physiopathology of the envenomation is tightly associated to the venom's rich toxin composition, able to produce a local dermonecrotic lesion that can evolve systemically and if worsened, might result in multiple organ failure and lethality. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved with the physiopathology of Loxoscelism are not completely understood, however, the venom's Phospholipases D (PLDs) are known to trigger membrane injury in various cell types. Here, we report f…

Зика Вирус Антитела три года спустя после подтвержденной инфекции.

В 2015 - 2016 годах на Американском континенте произошла крупная вспышка вируса Зика (ZIKV). Хотя точные кинетики антител ZIKV после инфекции неизвестны, последние данные свидетельствуют о быстром упадке антител ZIKV у людей. Поэтому мы намеревались определить уровни антител ZIKV более чем через три года после заражения ZIKV. Мы провели тесты на нейтрализацию вируса ZIKV (VNT) и коммерческий неструктурный белок ZIKV 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA в группе из 49 участников из Суринама, у которых более трех лет назад была подтверждена инфекция ZIKV с полимеразной цепью. Кроме того, мы определили наличие анти

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: In 2015-2016, a large Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak occurred in the Americas. Although the exact ZIKV antibody kinetics after infection are unknown, recent evidence indicates the rapid waning of ZIKV antibodies in humans. Therefore, we aimed to determine the levels of ZIKV antibodies more than three years after a ZIKV infection. METHODS: We perform…

Economic evaluation of meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccines: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) has emerged as the leading cause of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in several countries f … SULTS: 13 studies were included. Ten studies were conducted in the European region and three in the Americas. None of the vaccination strategies were considered cost-effective. Including herd effects improved value for money for MenB vaccines. Routine infant vaccination was the most effective short-term strategy, however, adolescent strategies offered the …

Plasmodium simium: Population Genomics Reveals the Origin of a Reverse Zoonosis.

BACKGROUND: The population history of Plasmodium simium, which causes malaria in sylvatic Neotropical monkeys and humans along the Atlantic Coast of Brazil, remains disputed. Genetically diverse P vivax populations from various sources, including the lineages that founded the species P simium, are thought to have arrived in the Americas in separate migratory waves. METHODS: We use population genomic approaches to investigate the origin and evolution of P simium. RESULTS: We find a minimal genome-level differentiation between P simium and present-day New World P vivax isolates, consistent wit…

Global assessment of genetic paradigms of Pvmdr1 mutations in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax isolates.

BACKGROUND: Chloroquine (CQ) is generally prescribed as the front-line antimalarial drug of choice to treat Plasmodium vivax infections; how … c diversity of CQ-resistant P. vivax strains, the sequences of Pvmdr1 originating from Asia and the Americas were retrieved. RESULTS: A total of 46 haplotypes were grouped into three distinct geographical haplogroups. The haplotype diversity and occurrence rates of Pvmdr1 976F/1076L mutations indicate that the efficacy of CQ is being compromised in Mexico …

Spatiotemporal patterns and integrated approach to prioritize areas for surveillance and control of visceral leishmaniasis in a large metropolitan area in Brazil.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease with worldwide distribution. Brazil is the country with the largest number of cases in the Americas, and the state of Minas Gerais presents a high VL-related burden and a high case fatality rate. We aimed to analyse the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of VL occurrence and to identify priority risk areas for surveillance and control in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte-MG, the third largest metropolitan area in Brazil. An ecological study was conducted considering all cases of VL in humans confirmed from 2006 to 2017. The crude and …

Insights into the salivary N-glycome of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis.

During Leishmania transmission sand flies inoculate parasites and saliva into the skin of vertebrates. Saliva has anti-haemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities that evolved to facilitate bloodfeeding, but also modulate the host's immune responses. Sand fly salivary proteins have been extensively studied, but the nature and biological roles of protein-linked glycans remain overlooked. Here, we characterised the profile of N-glycans from the salivary glycoproteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In silico predictions suggest half of Lu. longipalpis…

Onchocerciasis Elimination: Progress and Challenges.

Onchocerciasis is a parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted through the bites of black flies of the genus Similium that breed in rivers and streams. The impact of mass treatment with ivermectin and supplemented by vector control in some countries has changed the global scene of onchocerciasis. There has been reported progress made in elimination of onchocerciasis in central and southern American countries and in some localities in Africa. The target for elimination in the Americas has been set at 2022 while for 12 countries in Africa this is expe…

Ассоциации физического партнерского насилия и пережитого сексуального насилия с рисковыми поведениями и психическим здоровьем среди студентов университетов из 25 стран.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОПРОСА: Исследование было направлено на изучение связей между виктимизацией физического партнера и/или сексуальным насилием и различными видами поведения, сопряженными с риском для здоровья, и психическим здоровьем студентов университетов 25 странами. МЕТОДЫ: С использованием плана перекрестного исследования, 18,335 Студенты высших учебных заведений среднего возраста 20 лет с 25 страны Африки, Северной и Южной Америки и Азии ответили на сообщения о случаях насилия в отношениях между людьми, действиях, подрывающих здоровье, мерах по охране психического здоровья и защитных факторах.РЕЗУ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the associations between physical partner violence victimization (IPV) and/or sexual violence vic … y design, 18,335 university students with a median age of 20 years from 25 countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia, replied to self-reported measures of interpersonal violence, health compromising behaviours, mental health measures and protective factors. RESULTS: In adjusted logistic regression analysis, physical IPV and/or sexual violence victimizati …

An Environmental Niche Model to Estimate the Potential Presence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in Costa Rica.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an arbovirus transmitted by arthropods, widely distributed in the Americas that, depending on the subtype, can produce outbreaks or yearly cases of encephalitis in horses and humans. The symptoms are similar to those caused by dengue virus and in the worst-case scenario, involve encephalitis, and death. MaxEnt is software that uses climatological, geographical, and occurrence data of a particular species to create a model to estimate possible niches that could have these favorable conditions. We used MaxEnt with a total of 188 registers of VEEV pr…

Phylogenetic analysis of near full-length sequences of the Desmodus rotundus genetic lineage of rabies virus.

The World Health Organization (WHO), reports that rabies causes tens of thousands of deaths every year killing humans, non-human primates and other animals. Rabies continues to be a public health issue, despite the existence of effective vaccines. The dogs remain the primary reservoir and transmitter of rabies to humans globally. In the Americas, bats are regarded as the second most common source of rabies virus to humans. The vampire bat Desmodus rotundus has been identified as a natural reservoir of rabies virus (RABV) in this region. The complete genome of the RABV variant maintained by pop…

Patterns of inter- and intrasubspecific homologous recombination inform eco-evolutionary dynamics of Xylella fastidiosa.

High rates of homologous recombination (HR) in the bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa have been previously detected. This study aim … d in subsp. morus and in strains isolated in Europe from intercepted coffee plants shipped from the Americas. Such highly recombinant strains pose a serious risk of emergence of novel variants, as genetically distinct and formerly geographically isolated genotypes are brought in close proximity by global trade. Recently recombined regions in wild-type stra …

First report of Diplostomidae metacercariae (Trematoda: Digenea) in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in Brazil.

Clarias gariepinus is a fish from North of South Africa and was later introduced in several countries, including Brazil. The present study a … e. This is the first report of the metacercariae of Diplostomidae parasitizing C. gariepinus in the Americas. This fish acts as an intermediate or paratenic host of this digenean in Brazil.

An Italian Case of Disseminated Histoplasmosis Associated with HIV.

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, endemic in the Americas, Africa (var. duboisii), India, and Southeast Asia. H. capsulatum infection is rarely diagnosed in Italy, while in Latin America, progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is one of the most frequent AIDS-defining illnesses and causes of AIDS-related deaths. We report a case of PDH and new HIV infection diagnosis in a Cuban patient, who has been living in Italy for the past 10 years. Bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood smear microscopy suggested H. capsulatum infection. The diagnosis was confirmed with the culture …

Repurposing strategies for Chagas disease therapy: the effect of imatinib and derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected parasitic condition endemic in the Americas caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Patients present an acute phase that may or not be symptomatic, followed by lifelong chronic stage, mostly indeterminate, or with cardiac and/or digestive progressive lesions. Benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox are the only drugs approved for treatment but not effective in the late chronic phase and many strains of the parasite are naturally resistant. New alternative therapy is required to address this serious public health issue. Repositioning and combination represent faster, and cheape…

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality from visceral leishmaniasis: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The timely identification of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients with a higher risk of death is essential for meeting the target of reducing case-fatality rates in the Americas. This study aimed to identify factors associated with death from VL in the State of Piaui, Brazil. METHODS: Case-control study evaluating the following putative risk factors for death from VL: gender and age of the patient, local of residence, signs, and symptoms, laboratory data, comorbidities and days of evolution of the disease. The associations between risk factors and death were expressed as odds rati…

Asian and African lineage Zika viruses show differential replication and innate immune responses in human dendritic cells and macrophages.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in humans are considered to be mild or subclinical. However, during the recent epidemics in the Pacific Islands and the Americas, the infection was associated with Quillain-Barré syndrome and congenital infections with fetal brain abnormalities, including microcephaly. Thus, more detailed understanding of ZIKV-host cell interactions and regulation of innate immune responses by strains of differential evolutionary origin is required. Here, we characterized the infection and immune responses triggered by two epidemic Asian/American lineage viruses, including an isola…

Zika Virus: Relevance to the State of Hawai'i.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is spread among human populations primarily through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. While most ZIKV infections are asymptoma … women with possible ZIKV exposure was summarized. Due to recent decline of ZIKV transmission in the Americas, the risk of ZIKV importation to Hawai'i has been greatly reduced. However, given the presence of Aedes mosquitoes, climate condition, and status of Hawai'i as a travel destination and foreign import market, public health officials and healthcare pr …

Host and viral mechanisms of congenital Zika syndrome.

In 2015-2016, in the Americas, and especially in northeast Brazil, a significant number of cases of microcephaly and other congenital brain abnormalities were linked with an outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women. While maternal symptoms of ZIKV are generally mild and self-limiting, clinical presentation in fetuses and newborns infected is extensive and includes microcephaly, decreased cortical development, atrophy and hypoplasia of the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis, arthrogryposis, and polyhydramnios. The term congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZS) was introduced to describe the…