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IL-20RB mediates tumoral response to osteoclastic niches and promotes bone metastasis of lung cancer.

Bone is a common site of metastasis in lung cancer, but the regulatory mechanism remains incompletely understood. Osteoclasts are known to play crucial roles in osteolytic bone metastasis by digesting bone matrix and indirectly enhancing tumor colonization. In this study, we found that IL receptor 20 subunit β (IL-20RB) mediated a direct tumoral response to osteoclasts. Tumoral expression of IL-20RB was associated with bone metastasis of lung cancer, and functionally, IL-20RB promoted metastatic growth of lung cancer cells in bone. Mechanistically, tumor cells induced osteoclasts to secrete th

Curcumin in Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases.

Over recent decades, many clinical trials on curcumin supplementation have been conducted on various autoimmune diseases including osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, and ulcerative colitis patients. This review attempts to summarize the highlights from these clinical trials. The efficacy of curcumin either alone or in conjunction with existing treatment was evaluated. Sixteen clinical trials have been conducted in osteoarthritis, 14 of which yielded significant improvements in multiple disease parameters. Eight trials have been conducted in type 2 diabetes, all yielding significant improvement i

LncRNA LGALS8-AS1 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis Through miR-125b-5p/SOX12 Feedback Regulatory Network.

BackgroundMetastasis is a major factor weakening the long-term survival of breast cancer patients. Increasing evidence revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of LGALS8-AS1 in the metastatic progression of breast cancer cells and its potential mechanisms.ResultsThe lncRNA LGALS8-AS1 was highly expressed in breast cancer and associated with poor survival. LGALS8-AS1 functioned as an oncogenic lncRNA that promoted the metastasis of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. It upr

Where Do Bone-Targeted Agents RANK in Breast Cancer Treatment?

Breast cancer cells preferentially metastasise to the skeleton, owing, in part, to the fertile environment provided by bone. Increased bone turnover releases growth factors that promote tumour cell growth. In turn, tumour cells release factors that stimulate further bone turnover, resulting in a vicious cycle of metastasis growth and bone destruction. The RANK-RANK ligand (RANKL) pathway plays a key role in this cycle, and inhibition of RANKL using the fully-human monoclonal antibody denosumab, has demonstrated efficacy in delaying skeletal complications associated with bone metastases in thre

Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments.

Drug repositioning, the practice of identifying novel applications for existing drugs beyond their originally intended medical indications, stands as a transformative strategy revolutionizing pharmaceutical productivity. In contrast to conventional drug development approaches, this innovative method has proven to be exceptionally effective. This is particularly relevant for cancer therapy, where the demand for groundbreaking treatments continues to grow. This review focuses on drug repositioning for ovarian cancer treatment, showcasing a comprehensive exploration grounded in thorough in vitro

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… Doxycycline also inhibits cell proliferation, migration and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in vivo model (Male Sprague-Dawley rats) treated with 30-mg/kg/day doxycycline after arterial injury ( 125 ), suggesting that if this drug were to be used for cancer therapy, its toxic side effects …

The anti-tumour effects of zoledronic acid.

Bone is the most common site for metastasis in patients with solid tumours. Bisphosphonates are an effective treatment for preventing skeletal related events and preserving quality of life in these patients. Zoledronic acid (ZA) is the most potent osteoclast inhibitor and is licensed for the treatment of bone metastases. Clodronate and pamidronate are also licensed for this indication. In addition, ZA has been demonstrated to exhibit antitumour effect. Direct and indirect mechanisms of anti-tumour effect have been postulated and at many times proven. Evidence exists that ZA antitumour effect i

Sexual dimorphism in cancer: molecular mechanisms and precision oncology perspectives.

Sex differences play a crucial role in determining tumor incidence, treatment sensitivity, and prognosis among men and women. However, current clinical cancer treatment strategies fail to account for these differences. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of tumor disparities between sexes remain elusive. Sex differences in sex chromosomes, hormone levels, metabolism, and immunity synergistically contribute to tumor-related disparities. As the demand for precision medicine escalates, there is an urgent need to conduct further exploration and research to address the tumor differences between

Antitumor Activity of Cannabinoids and Their Interaction with Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Evidence.

Background: Cannabinoids are studied as anticancer agents, but their effects vary across tumors, compounds, and experimental settings, underscoring the need to define consistent patterns. Our objective was to map cannabinoid efficacy across cancer preclinical models and identify tumor settings with the greatest translational promise. Methods: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42025543744); PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched on 4 April 2024 for in vitro and in vivo studies assessing cannabinoid antitumor effects alone or with chemotherapy versus vehicle or chemotherapy only. Ra

Malignant Pleural Effusion: Palliative Managements and Indication for Pleurodesis Based on Survival Scores.

Neoplastic pleural effusion is one in which malignant neoplastic cells are detected in the pleural fluid or in the parietal pleura. When secondary, it confirms disseminated neoplastic disease and suggests a reduced life expectancy and low quality of life. This review was described by a group of physician members of the Brazilian Society of Oncological Surgery regarding the treatment of neoplastic pleural effusion, developed to guide surgeons, palliative care physicians and clinical oncologists in their clinical practice to assess patients indicated for pleurodesis based on survival scores.

Neurotransmitters in cancer: how receptor signaling and posttranslational modifications modulate tumor progression and offer new therapeutic targets.

Recent studies highlight the multifaceted roles of neurotransmitters in tumor immunomodulation, offering novel avenues for increasing therapeutic efficacy. These signaling molecules are classified into cholinergic agents, monoamines, amino acids, and peptides and regulate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion via autocrine/paracrine pathways and receptor-mediated interactions. Notably, neurotransmitters influence tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune cell activity by modulating intracellular signaling cascades through posttranslational modifications (serotonylation and dopami

Potential of guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, in the prevention and treatment of cancer.

Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases in the world with a mortality of 9.6 million annually. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment during the last couple of decades, it still remains a serious concern due to the limitations associated with currently available cancer management strategies. Therefore, alternative strategies are highly required to overcome these glitches. The importance of medicinal plants as primary healthcare has been well-known from time immemorial against various human diseases, including cancer. Commiphora wightii that belongs to Burseraceae family is one suc

Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy.

Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catech

Calcium-Permeable Channels Cooperation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Opportunities.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that results from the deposition of antibodies-autoantigens in the joints, leading to long-lasting inflammation. The main features of RA include cartilage damage, synovial invasion and flare-ups of intra-articular inflammation, and these pathological processes significantly reduce patients' quality of life. To date, there is still no drug target that can act in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the search for novel drug targets has become urgent. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, calcium ions play an important role in all cellula

Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment.

Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities are reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis and tumour regression. Interestingly, TAMs are highly dynamic and versatile in solid tumours. They show anti-cancer or pro-tumour activities, and interplay between the tumour microenvironment and cancer stem cells and under specific conditions. In addition to the c

Innovative Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Cancer.

Bone cancer is a demanding challenge for contemporary medicine due to its high frequency of presentation and significant heterogeneity of malignant lesions developing within the bone. To date, available treatments are rarely curative and are primarily aimed at prolonging patients' survival and ameliorating their quality of life. Furthermore, both pharmacological and surgical therapies are aggravated by a consistent burden of adverse events and subsequent disability due to the loss of healthy bone structural and functional properties. Therefore, great research efforts are being made to develop

Treating Infected Non-Healing Venous Leg Ulcers with Medical-Grade Honey: A Prospective Case Series.

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are hard-to-heal wounds and are prone to microbial colonization. Innovative and improved therapies are thus required to resolve local infection and enhance the wound healing process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of medical-grade honey (MGH) for the treatment of clinically infected and non-healing VLUs. This prospective case series included nine patients with an average age of 83.4 years (range: 75-91 years) with a total of eleven VLUs, previously ineffectively treated with various products. Major risk factors for the appearance of VLUs

Exosomes play a role in multiple myeloma bone disease and tumor development by targeting osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Progression of multiple myeloma (MM) is largely dependent on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment wherein communication through different factors including extracellular vesicles takes place. This cross-talk not only leads to drug resistance but also to the development of osteolysis. Targeting vesicle secretion could therefore simultaneously ameliorate drug response and bone disease. In this paper, we examined the effects of MM exosomes on different aspects of osteolysis using the 5TGM1 murine model. We found that 5TGM1 sEVs, or 'exosomes', not only enhanced osteoclast activity, they also blo

Leptin, Leptin Receptor, KHDRBS1 (KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 1), and Adiponectin in Bone Metastasis from Breast Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Breast cancer patients are at a high risk of complications from bone metastasis. Molecular characterization of bone metastases is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the expression and the intracellular distribution of KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1 (KHDRBS1), leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), and adiponectin in bone metastasis from breast carcinoma and looked for correlations between the data. The expression of these proteins is known in breast carcinoma, but it has not been investigated in bone metastatic tissue to d

Bone marrow endosteum in homeostasis and metastasis.

The endosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue lining the inner surfaces of bones adjoining the medullary cavity. The endosteum houses a variety of cells crucial for bone growth, repair and remodelling, including bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and their precursor cells. Historically, the endosteum has been extensively studied as a key site for haematopoiesis by which blood cells are incessantly produced. However, recent studies have defined the endosteum as a niche for skeletal stem cells, underscoring the importance of the harmony between the inner endosteum and the

A Comprehensive Biological and Clinical Perspective Can Drive a Patient-Tailored Approach to Multiple Myeloma: Bridging the Gaps between the Plasma Cell and the Neoplastic Niche.

There is a broad spectrum of diseases labeled as multiple myeloma (MM). This is due not only to the composite prognostic risk factors leading to different clinical outcomes and responses to treatments but also to the composite tumor microenvironment that is involved in a vicious cycle with the MM plasma cells. New therapeutic strategies have improved MM patients' chances of survival. Nevertheless, certain patients' subgroups have a particularly unfavorable prognosis. Biological stratification can be subdivided into patient, disease, or therapy-related factors. Alternatively, the biological sig