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Laparoscopic versus open repair for paediatric inguinal hernia.

RATIONALE: Inguinal hernia is one of the most prevalent paediatric conditions requiring surgical treatment. It can be repaired either by the laparoscopic technique or open surgery. There is a need for a high-quality systematic review with meta-analyses to evaluate the laparoscopic approach versus the open approach for inguinal hernia repair in children, as available evidence is based on different interpretations or calculations of the same RCTs. OBJECTIVES: To compare the benefits and harms of laparoscopic versus open repair in paediatric inguinal hernia. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL,

Service delivery, behavioural, and self-management interventions for children with epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: In the UK, approximately one in 1000 children aged zero to four years have epilepsy, and one in 200 children between the ages of five and 19 have epilepsy. There is a need to focus on models of service delivery and therapies that target cognitive, psychological, and behavioural aspects to improve seizure control and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of service delivery, behavioural, and self-management interventions on seizure control and health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy. SEARCH METHODS: We used the Cochrane Register of Studies, MEDLINE, a

First trimester serum tests for Down's syndrome screening.

BACKGROUND: Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three, rather than two copies of chromosome 21; or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental disability and also leads to numerous metabolic and structural problems. It can be life-threatening, or lead to considerable ill health, although some individuals have only mild problems and can lead relatively normal lives. Having a baby with Down's syndrome is likely to have a significant impact on family life.Noninvasive screening based on biochemical analysis of matern

Navigating family life in the face of parental cancer: a qualitative study.

PurposeParental cancer can significantly impact family dynamics, particularly for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), who face the developmental task of balancing autonomy and connectedness. As cancer incidence rises globally, more AYAs are confronted with the challenges of parental illness. While most research focuses on individual psychological outcomes, less is known about how families function as a unit under such stress. This study aimed to gain deeper insight into family functioning, with a specific focus on autonomy, connectedness, and communication, in the face of parental cancer.Meth

NK3.3-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Penetrate and Selectively Kill Treatment-Resistant Tumor Cells.

Cancer treatments often become ineffective due to the development of tumor resistance, leading to metastasis and relapse. Treatments may also fail because of their inability to access cells deep within the tumor tissue. When this occurs, new therapeutic agents are needed. We previously reported that NK3.3EVs, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the normal human natural killer (NK) cell line, NK3.3, have strong cytotoxic activity against leukemia and breast cancer cell lines, without harming normal cells. Here, we used a three-dimensional (3D) MCF7 breast cancer mammosphere model to repro

NTP technical report on the toxicity and metabolism studies of chloral hydrate (CAS No. 302-17-0). Administered by gavage to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Chloral hydrate is widely used as a sedative and a hypnotic in pediatric medicine. It is also a byproduct of water chlorination. Chloral hydrate has been shown to be genotoxic in numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic assay systems including human lymphocytes in vitro. One of its metabolites, trichloroacetic acid, has demonstrated hepatocarcinogenic activity in mice. Trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, both of which are metabolized to chloral hydrate, have been shown to be carcinogenic in rats and/or mice. Because of this evidence of carcinogenicity and because of the wide-spread use of chlo

Measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: More than 767 million coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cases and 6.9 million deaths with COVID-19 have been recorded as of August 2023. Several public health and social measures were implemented in schools to contain the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent onward transmission. We built upon methods from a previous Cochrane review to capture current empirical evidence relating to the effectiveness of school measures to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission. OBJECTIVES: To provide an updated assessment of the evidence on the effectiveness of measure

Psychological interventions for people with hemophilia.

BACKGROUND: Managing hemophilia is challenging both in terms of medical treatment and its broad impact on many aspects of the individual's life, including self-perception. Several psychosocial issues are potentially relevant in the clinical management of hemophilia, including it being a chronic and incurable condition; e.g. people with hemophilia must adapt to optimally interact with peers and to practice sports - even choosing a sport represents an issue for perceived limitations, expectations and cultural influences on the individual and their family. People with hemophilia can react by deny

Alport syndrome. Molecular genetic aspects.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive renal disease that is characterised by hematuria and progressive renal failure, and often accompanied by progressive high-tone sensorineural hearing loss and ocular changes in form of macular flecks and lenticonus. AS is a genetic heterogenous disease, and X-linked dominant in about 85% of the families. The autosomal recessive and dominant forms constitute about 15% of the cases. In the first part of the study is a multipoint linkage analysis of 12 families suspected of X-linked AS. The aim of that part of the study was to map a number of X-chromosomal pol

Real-world Effectiveness of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children and Adolescents from 2003 to 2023: a Plain Language Summary of Publication.

What is this summary about? This is a plain language summary describing the results of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis originally published in Expert Review of Vaccines in July 2025. Children and adolescents are an important group for influenza vaccination because they play a major role in spreading influenza viruses to others and are often hospitalized due to influenza. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) are two different types of influenza vaccine that are used to protect children and adolescents from influenza illness. This re

[Obstetrical ultrasound: can the fetus hear the wave and feel the heat?].

"Fetuses can hear ultrasound and the sound is as loud as a subway train entering a station." This statement originates in a single report in a non-peer reviewed journal, despite its name 1, of a presentation at a scientific meeting by researchers who reported measuring the sound intensity in the uterus of pregnant women and being able to demonstrate the above. This was later published in a peer-review journal 2 probably not very widely read by clinicians or the general public. From time to time, the popular press or various pregnancy-related websites repeat the assertion or a worried pregnant

Oral Presentation

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New approaches to divorce with children: A problem of public health.

This broad review elaborates on the most up-to-date knowledge on biochemical and psychobiological aspects of parental loss and other childhood adversities during divorce involving minor children. So far, divorce involving minor children was unfortunately considered by authorities only as a purely juridical problem, and this approach has often allowed a completely different approach according to the Courts. Now, scientific research, also making use of animal models, is demonstrating the biological basis of the problem and the indisputable consequences on the well-being and health of children. T

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… At the same time, Duncan et al. (1994) found that teenagers living in single-parent households are more likely to abuse alcohol and at an earlier age compared to children reared in two-parent households. … Ringsback-Weitoft G, Hjem A, Haglund B, et al. (2003) Mortality, severe morbidity and injury in children living with single parents in Sweden: A population-based study. The Lancet 361: 289–295. …

Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Annual Scientific Meeting 2018

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Обнаружение корневых причинных генов с вспышками с высокой пропускной способностью.

Уровни корневой причинно-следственной экспрессии - или коренные причинные гены для короткого периода - соответствуют первоначальным изменениям генной экспрессии, которые порождают симптомы пациента как эффект ниже по течению. Выявление коренных причинно-следственных генов имеет решающее значение для разработки методов лечения, которые изменяют болезнь в момент ее возникновения, однако никакие существующие алгоритмы не пытаются определить коренные причинно-следственные гены на основе данных. Данные РНК-последовательность (RNA-seq) создают такие проблемы, как погрешность измерения, высокомерност

Noncanonical SQSTM1/p62-Nrf2 pathway activation mediates proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma cells via redox, metabolic and translational reprogramming.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, with drug resistance being a major cause of therapeutic failure. We established a carfilzomib-resistant derivative of the LP-1 MM cell line (LP-1/Cfz) and found that the transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene symbol NFE2L2) contributes to carfilzomib resistance. The mechanism of Nrf2 activation involved enhanced translation of Nrf2 as well as its positive regulator, the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62. The eukaryotic translation initiatio

High-Affinity DARPin Allows Targeting of MeV to Glioblastoma Multiforme in Combination with Protease Targeting without Loss of Potency.

Measles virus (MeV) is naturally cytolytic by extensive cell-to-cell fusion. Vaccine-derived MeV is toxic for cancer cells and is clinically tested as oncolytic virus. To combine the potential of MeV with enhanced safety, different targeting strategies have been described. We generated a receptor-targeted MeV by using receptor-blind viral attachment protein genetically fused to designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) binding domains specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To reduce on-target toxicity for EGFR+ healthy cells, we used an engineered viral fusion protein activat

The Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectivesChildren and adolescents undergoing Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) experience complex symptoms, often under-reported by patients and undetected by clinicians, which cause distress. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) offer a way to capture symptom experiences directly from patients, with the potential of supporting effective symptom assessment and management, yet their routine use in paediatric HSCT remains unclear. This systematic review synthesises evidence on PROMs used during inpatient paediatric HSCT care, examining their role in symptom monitor

Последствия программы, основанной на модели адаптации Роя, в отношении навыков обучения детей с множественным склерозом.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: На здоровье детей влияет множественный склероз (МС) у их родителей и различные его осложнения. С учетом этого, это исследование было проведено с целью изучения воздействия программы, основанной на модели адаптации Роя, на способности детей пациентов с синдромом MS. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: 78 детей 78 Пациенты MS из Ассоциации поддержки MS в Шахрекорде, в том числе около 1800 пациенты 2018 с использованием квазиэкспериментального метода. Образцы были отобраны с помощью удобного метода отбора проб, и они заполнили контрольный перечень, подготовленный исследователями, на основе

Investigating socioecological obesogenic factors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Obesity-related information in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is limited, and research findings are contradictory. Thus, this study aimed to use a nationwide non-clinical sample to examine the association of sociological factors with overweight status in children with ASD and reveal the degree of differences in the risk factors for overweight in children with and without ASD. The data for this cross-sectional study, based on the modified ecological system theory model, were obtained from the 2019 National Survey of Children's Health. The weighted logistic regressions were perform

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… Family structure was initially measured on a five-point Likert scale and then restructured into binary variables (e.g., parents vs. other family structures, such as single parent and guardians). … Several studies have indicated that two-parent families may be more effective at nurturing children than single-parent families ( 48 , 49 ). …