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The effect of conditioning regimen intensity on periodontal health in haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a 5-year multicentre prospective cohort study.

ObjectivesTo evaluate periodontal health and its association with conditioning intensity over five years post-HCT.Materials and methodsThis multicentre prospective study included 104 patients from two Dutch centres. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and buccal gingival recession (GR) were assessed pre-HCT and at three (n = 34), six (n = 45), twelve (n = 46), eighteen months (n = 30), and five years (n = 36) post-HCT. Regression models evaluated associations with conditioning intensity and time since HCT.ResultsHCT recipients had a median age of 58 years; 56% were male, and…

Pep19 drives epitope spreading in periodontitis and periodontitis-associated autoimmune diseases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Epitope spreading is one of valid mechanisms operating in immunopathological processes of infection-induced autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that the peptide 19 from Porphyromonas gingivalis heat shock protein (HSP) 60 (Pep19) may be the dominant epitope from which epitope-specific immune response to subdominant epitopes may diversify sequentially into autoimmune responses directed at human neoepitopes in P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis and autoimmune diseases. However, the exact feature and mechanism on how Pep19 may drive epitope spreading into human autoant…

Altered gene expression in leukocyte transendothelial migration and cell communication pathways in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gene expression is related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis and plays a crucial role in local tissue destruction and disease susceptibility. The aims of the present study were to identify the expression of specific genes and biological pathways in periodontitis-affected gingival tissue using microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival tissues were taken from three patients with severe chronic periodontitis. Total RNAs from six gingival tissue samples were used for microarray analyses. Da…

Proinflammatory effects of muramyldipeptide on human gingival fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Because human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the predominant cells in periodontal tissues, we hypothesized that HGFs are contributed to receptors for components of bacteria. In this study, we focused on expression and function of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) in HGFs, which is a mammalian cytosolic pathogen recognition molecule. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Expression of NOD2 in HGFs was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, cc chemokine ligand2, cxc chemokine li…

Gingival mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pro-inflammatory macrophages stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and modulate lipid metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) on inflammatory macrophages upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation and evaluate therapeutic potential of GMSCs on mouse model of periodontitis associated with hyperlipidemia. METHODS: in vitro, GMSCs were co-cultured with macrophages for 48 h in the absence or presence of M1 polarizing conditions and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the transwell system. The supernatants were collected for ELISA. M1 and M2 markers of macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry and PCR, and lipid accumulation wa…

Strong association between herpes simplex virus-1 and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Background/aimsA link between oral cavity infections and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM) in patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) undergoing intensive chemotherapy (IC) or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been suggested. However, conclusive data are lacking, and there are no current guidelines for the prophylactic use of antimicrobials to prevent CIOM in these populations.MethodsThe relationships between herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation and Candida colonization in the oral cavity and CIOM in patients with HMs undergoing IC or HSCT were evaluated. Pa

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… HSV-associated ulcers, which occur in nonmovable keratinized gingiva (attached gingiva, hard palate, and tongue dorsum), were differentiated from mucositis-related ulcers, which occur in movable mucosa (buccal mucosa, soft palate, labial mucosa, and ventral tongue). …

Immunohistochemical localization of Toll-like receptors 1-10 in periodontitis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: In periodontitis, bacteria and pathogen-associated molecular patterns are sensed by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which initiate intracellular signaling cascades that may lead to host inflammation. In this study, the expression and distribution of TLRs (TLR-1 to TLR-10) were immunohistochemically detected in gingival epithelium and connective tissue. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used for the localization of TLRs in gingival tissue samples from 10 patients with chronic periodontitis and 10 healthy controls; these samples were obtained during routine periodontal flap operatio…

Biological activity of a fruit vegetable, "Anastasia green", a species of sweet pepper.

Russian green sweet pepper (Anastasia Green) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol and the extracts were further separated into a total of twenty fractions by silica gel or ODS column chromatographies. The biological activities of these extracts and fractions were compared. The extracts and fractions showed higher cytotoxic activity against two human oral tumor cell lines than against normal human gingival fibroblasts, suggesting their tumor-specific action. Several fractions [H3, H4, A4] reversed the multidrug resistant gene (MDR1) against L5178 mouse T-ce…

Primary Aggressive Oral Lymphomas (PAOL): A Narrative Review of Diagnosis, Molecular Features, Therapeutic Approaches, and the Integrated Role of Dentists and Hematologists.

Primary aggressive oral lymphomas (PAOL) are a rare subset of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas arising in the oral cavity without evidence of other systemic involvement at diagnosis. PAOL accounts for only about 2-3% of all lymphomas. They most commonly belong to aggressive B-cell subtypes such as Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), with occasional cases of Burkitt lymphoma and T-cell/NK-cell lymphomas. Clinically, these malignancies often present with non-specific symptoms (e.g., swelling, pain, ulceration, tooth mobility) that mimic benign dental condition

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… The gingiva and hard palate are the most frequently affected sites. In fact, the gingiva is the single most common site of PAOL, representing roughly one-third of cases. … Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) By far the most common oral malignancy, SCC often presents as a chronic ulcer or mass with irregular, raised borders and surface keratosis, frequently on the lateral tongue, floor of mouth, or gingiva in patients with risk factors (tobacco/alcohol) [ 40 ]. …

Increased nucleic Acid receptor expression in chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Nucleic acid sensing has emerged as one of the important components of the immune system triggering inflammation. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of bacterial DNA sensors, including Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors (DAI), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in chronic periodontitis (CP versus healthy) (H) tissues. METHODS: Thirty-five CP and 27 H gingival biopsies were included. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine mRNA levels of AIM2, DAI, and TLRs (TLR-1 through TLR-9). …

Expression of immune-inflammatory markers in sites of chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the gene expression of immune-inflammatory markers in gingival biopsies of patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Gingival biopsies were harvested from systemically and periodontally healthy patients (SPH), systemically healthy patients with CP (SHCP), and patients with better-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes and CP. The levels of mRNA of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-23, IL-10, IL-4, interferon-γ, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (R…

Identification and assessment of differentially expressed necroptosis long non-coding RNAs associated with periodontitis in human.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is the most common oral disease and is closely related to immune infiltration in the periodontal microenvironment and its poor prognosis is related to the complex immune response. The progression of periodontitis is closely related to necroptosis, but there is still no systematic study of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with necroptosis for diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Transcriptome data and clinical data of periodontitis and healthy populations were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and necroptosis-r

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… Materials and method Data acquisition and processing The raw datasets used in this study were obtained from the GEO database ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo ) by searching with the terms (“Periodontitis”[Title/Abstract] OR “Periodontitis”[MeSH Terms]) AND (“gingiva”[Title/Abstract] OR “gingiva”[ …

Effusion cytology of EBV-associated lymphoma: a concise review.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphomas can, on rare occasions, involve body cavities, making effusion cytology an important diagnostic tool. This mini-review explores the spectrum of EBV-related lymphomas that may be detected in serous fluids, including EBV-positive nodal T/NK-cell lymphoma (EBV + nT/NKCL), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and classic Hodgkin lymphoma. We present an index case of EBV + nT/NKCL with lymphomatous pleural effusion and discuss the cytologic features, differential diagnoses, and role of anc

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… Niwa H Mukai K Kimura I Imura J A case of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, diagnosed by scraping cytology of the maxillary gingiva Diagn Cytopathol 2024 52 2 E39 e43 10.1002/dc.25244 37886876 Niwa H, Mukai K, Kimura I, Imura J. … A case of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, diagnosed by scraping cytology of the maxillary gingiva. Diagn Cytopathol. 2024;52(2):E39-e43. 37886876 10.1002/dc.25244 10. …

Oral Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Pictorial Review and a Guide for Dental Practitioners.

IntroductionGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). GVHD may also develop following solid transplants or blood transfusions if white blood cells are transferred. GVHD affects multiple organs, including the oral tissues.ObjectiveThis pictorial review provides a background of GVHD to dental practitioners, describes the most common oral manifestations of GVHD and highlights the main treatment modifications needed to deliver dental care to patients with GVHD.MethodsA narrative review enhanced with clinical photographs.ResultsAcute GVHD

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… Scores for these variables were recorded for each of the following surfaces: lips (upper and lower); labial mucosa (upper and lower); buccal mucosa (right and left); tongue (dorsal, lateral and ventral); floor of mouth; palate (hard, soft); and gingivae. … The oral manifestations of cGVHD (i.e. cGVHD in the salivary glands, oral mucosa, gingivae and musculoskeletal tissues) directly affect dental treatment. The effect of cGVHD on the dental treatment will be explained in regards to each of these oral tissue. …

Molecular events in the jaw vascular unit: A traditional review of the mechanisms involved in inflammatory jaw bone diseases.

Inflammatory jaw bone diseases are common in stomatology, including periodontitis, peri-implantitis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw, age-related osteoporosis, and other specific infections. These diseases may lead to tooth loss and maxillofacial deformities, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Over the years, the reconstruction of jaw bone deficiency caused by inflammatory diseases has emerged as a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with jaw bones is crucial fo

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… Also, it was found that IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were lower in the gingiva of mice injected with Breg cells than in those without Breg cells, confirming that Breg cells can inhibit not only the progression of the periodontitis but also regulate the T cell population, i.e. , the expression levels of Th1 … Darby TM, et al The microbial metabolite butyrate stimulates bone formation via T regulatory cell-mediated regulation of WNT10B expression Immunity 2018 49 6 1116 1131.e7 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.013 30446387 PMC6345170 81 Mahanonda R, Champaiboon C, Subbalekha K, et al Human memory B cells in healthy gingiva …

Comparison of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease characteristics between patients with malignant and non-malignant hematopoietic disorders.

ObjectivesTo characterize and compare the clinical manifestations of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in patients with malignant hematopoietic disorders versus those with non-malignant hematopoietic disorders, and to analyze associated risk factors.Materials and methodsDetailed examinations of the oral cavity were conducted in patients with malignant hematopoietic disorders (n = 52) and non-malignant hematopoietic disorders (n = 56) who developed oral cGVHD following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The severity of oral cGVHD was scored, and logisti

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… The affected areas of the oral mucosa included the buccal mucosa, tongue, lip, palate, gingiva, floor of the mouth, and oral commissures. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected site, followed by the tongue, lip, and palatal mucosa. … lip 9 (8.33) 3 (5.77) 6 (10.71) 0.492 Limitation of mouth opening 6 (5.55) 4 (7.69) 2 (3.57) 0.425 Affected sites(n, %) Buccal 95 (87.96) 47 (90.38) 48 (85.71) 0.560 Tongue 77 (71.30) 37 (71.15) 40 (71.43) 1.00 Lip 43 (39.81) 20 (38.46) 23 (41.07) 0.843 Palate 39 (36.11) 21 (40.38) 18 (32.14) 0.551 Gingiva …

Эксклюзивный метастаз желчного протока в множестве миеломы: доклад о деле и обзор литературы.

Внешняя миелома (ЕММ) определяется проникновением злокачественных плазменных клеток в неопасные ткани. Его соучастие с илар-холангиокарсином остается чрезвычайно редким явлением. Такая диагностика сопряжена с существенными клиническими рисками, поскольку неправильное отнесение ЭММ к категории билиарной карциномы может привести к неправильному хирургическому вмешательству и задержкам с системной терапией, что в конечном счете поставит под угрозу выживание пациента. Поэтому мы сообщаем об этом случае неправильного диагноза, с тем чтобы снизить коэффициент неправильного диагностирования в будущем

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… Blood 2016 ; 127 : 971 - 6 . 10.1182/blood-2015-07-635383 26679866 9 Wei X Shen J Zheng S Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the Gingiva: A rare case report and clinical management. Oral Oncol 2025 ; 165 : 107315 . 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2025.107315 40306237 10 Weinstock M Ghobrial IM . …

Vertebral fracture and splenomegaly in a head and neck cancer producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: A case report of systemic complications associated with a cytokine-producing solid tumor.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing tumors are rare and are associated with a poor prognosis when they occur in the lungs and the head and neck region. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography has been reported to show systemic specific accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose in these cases, but the systemic complications associated with the cytokines produced are not well known. We herein present the case of a G-CSF-producing maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma in a 73-year-old Japanese woman with a vertebral fracture and splenomegaly. These findings are known sever

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… Case report A 73-year-old Japanese woman was referred to the Kochi Medical School Hospital (Kochi, Japan) in August 2018, with a complaint of painful swelling on the right side of the maxillary gingiva for the last month. …

Use of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF)-Based Autologous Membranes for Tooth Extraction in Patients under Bisphosphonate Therapy: A Case Report.

Tooth extraction in patients treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) for osteoporosis or cancer exposes the patient to the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw. An autologous membrane using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an innovative technique to promote wound healing, which allows obtaining a hermetic closure of the post-extractive surgical site without the need of mucoperiosteal flaps or periosteal releasing incisions. Here, we report the case of a 70-year-old woman, in therapy with alendronate for 12 years, requiring the upper right premolar extraction because of a crown fracture. After the tooth ex

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… The edges of the membrane were placed under the mucosal flaps and sutured to the surrounding gingiva. The antibiotic regime was continued for 14 days after surgery, combined with application of 1% chlorhexidine gel three times a day at the surgical site. …

Efficacy of a nonsurgical treatment regimen in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in Saudi Arabia.

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonsurgical treatment regimen in the long-term control of necrotic areas of the jaws and pain in such patients.MethodsA total of 96 patients suffering from the disease were included in this study. All patients received nonsurgical treatment regimen for 10 days, and repeated every 3 months for 2 years. The size of the osteonecrotic lesions was measured and the pain level was self-assessed with a visual analog scale.ResultsThe patients showed a statistically significant (F = 16.1; p ConclusionsThis conservative nonsurgi

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… reported in patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy. 5 – 7 Since then, the number of reported cases has been increased, and the literature now includes several hundreds of cases. 3 Bisphosphonate-associated ONJ ( Figure 1 ) usually appears as areas of necrotic exposed bone surrounded by inflamed gingiva …