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A comprehensive systematic review of Ibudilast as a neuroprotective therapy for progressive multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has shown promise potential in Multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. OBJECTIVES: This syst … 48 % versus placebo (p = 0.04), with pronounced effects in primary progressive MS (PPMS; p < 0.01). Gray matter atrophy was reduced by 35 % (p = 0.038), and thalamic integrity was preserved (p = 0.03). Retinal neurodegeneration was attenuated in PPMS (79 % reduction, p = 0.003). Chronic active lesion volume decreased by 23 % (p = 0.003), suggesting suppressio …

Снижение уровня эстрогена лимфатического узла вызывает неиспускающее заболевание аутоиммунной энцефаломиелита.

Эстроген, стероидный гормон, синтезированный как гонадальными, так и негональными тканями, играет ключевую роль в модуляции иммунной реакции, включая снижение частоты рецидивов при повторном излучающем многократном склерозе (МС). В этом исследовании изучалось выражение ароматазы, фермента, ответственного за синтез эстрогенов, в лимфатических узлах (ЛН) и его потенциальная роль в патогенезе MS с использованием модели мыши. Мы использовали мыши Cyp19-RFP, где клетки, которые выражают или ранее выражали ген Cyp19 (кодирование ароматазы), обозначаются красным флуоресцентным белком (RFP). RPF был о

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Estrogen, a steroid hormone synthesized by both gonadal and nongonadal tissues, plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses, includi … imental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) phenotype. This phenotype was accompanied by significant gray matter atrophy in the spinal cord. These findings underscore LNs as crucial sites of de novo 17β-estradiol production, potentially contributing to nonremitting EAE phenotypes. The observed decline in 17β-estradiol likely exacerbates MS pathogenesis in agin …

Alterations of cerebrovascular reactivity following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury are independent of neurodevelopmental changes.

Cerebrovascular dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is understudied relative to other microstructural injuries, especially during neurodevelopment. The blood-oxygen level dependent response was used to investigate cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in response to hypercapnia following pediatric mTBI (pmTBI; ages 8-18 years), as well as pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). Data were collected ∼1-week (N = 107) and 4 months (N = 73) post-injury. Sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent identical examinations at comparable ti

Sensitivity assessment of QSM+qBOLD (or QQ) in detecting elevated oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in physiological change.

The study investigated the sensitivity of a novel MRI-based OEF mapping, quantitative susceptibility mapping plus quantitative blood oxygen … CBF between QQ and QSM. Similar to QSM, QQ showed higher OEF during HV compared to RS: in cortical gray matter, QQ-OEF and QSM-OEF was 36.4 ± 4.7% and 35.3 ± 12.5% at RS and 45.0 ± 11.6% and 45.0 ± 14.8% in HV, respectively. These findings demonstrate QQ's ability to detect physiological changes and suggest its potential in studying brain metabolism in neuro …

Cortical microstructural associations with CSF amyloid and pTau.

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) can be used to probe microstructural properties of brain tissue and holds great promise as a means to non-invasively map Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Few studies have evaluated multi-shell dMRI models, such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and mean apparent propagator (MAP)-MRI, in cortical gray matter where many of the earliest histopathological changes occur in AD. Here, we investigated the relationship between CSF pTau181 and Aβ1-42 burden and regional cortical NODDI and MAP-MRI indices in 46 cognitively unimpaired individuals, 18 wit…

Intravenous Administration of Human Muse Cells Ameliorates Deficits in a Rat Model of Subacute Spinal Cord Injury.

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are newly established pluripotent stem cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of the systemic administration of Muse cells as an effective treatment for subacute SCI. We intravenously administered the clinical product "CL2020" containing Muse cells to a rat model two weeks after mid-thoracic spinal cord contusion. Eight experimental animals received CL2020, and twelve received the vehicle. Behavioral analyses were conducted over 20 weeks. Histological evaluations were performed. After 20 weeks of observation, d

Genes Associated with Altered Brain Structure and Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been widely reported to cause abnormalities in brain structure and function, but the genetic mechanisms be … ing spatial correlation analyses to investigate gene expression patterns associated with changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and ALFF in OSA. Compared to the HCs, the OSA group exhibited increased ALFF values in the left hippocampus (t = 5.294), amygdala (t = 4.176), caudate (t = 4.659), cerebellum (t = 5.896), and decreased ALFF values in the left precuneus …

Characterization of Hippocampal-Thalamic-Cortical Morphometric Reorganization in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

INTRODUCTION: Brain cortico-subcortical connectivity has been investigated in epilepsy using the functional MRI (MRI). Although structural i … usceptible to seizure burden, especially the left-TLE. SPM12 was used to conduct an analysis of the gray matter density (GMD) maps. Decreased extratemporal GMD occurred bilaterally. Both TLE demonstrated significant GMD loss over the ipsilateral inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and medial orbital cortices. SIGNIFICANCE: Thalamic subfield atrophy was …

Stroke-prone salt-sensitive spontaneously hypertensive rats show higher susceptibility to spreading depolarization (SD) and altered hemodynamic responses to SD.

Spreading depolarization (SD) occurs in a plethora of clinical conditions including migraine aura, delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and malignant hemispheric stroke. It describes waves of near-breakdown of ion homeostasis, particularly Na+ homeostasis in brain gray matter. SD induces tone alterations in resistance vessels, causing either hyperperfusion in healthy tissue; or hypoperfusion (inverse hemodynamic response = spreading ischemia) in tissue at risk. Observations from mice with genetic dysfunction of the ATP1A2-encoded α2-isoform of Na+/K+-ATPase (α2NaKA) suggest a mechani…

Relationship of fasting glucose and longitudinal Alzheimer's disease imaging markers.

INTRODUCTION: Fasting glucose increases with age and is linked to modifiable Alzheimer's disease risk factors such as cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: We leveraged available biospecimens and neuroimaging measures collected during the Alzheimer's Prevention Through Exercise (APEx) trial (n = 105) to examine the longitudinal relationship between change in blood glucose metabolism and change in regional cerebral amyloid deposition and gray and white matter (WM) neurodegeneration in older adults over 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS: Individuals with improving fasting gluco

Identification of Resting-State Network Functional Connectivity and Brain Structural Signatures in Fibromyalgia Using a Machine Learning Approach.

Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and brain structure have emerged as pathological hallmarks of fibromyalgia (FM). This study investigated and compared the accuracy of network rs-FC and brain structural features in identifying FM with a machine learning (ML) approach. Twenty-six FM patients and thirty healthy controls were recruited. Clinical presentation was measured by questionnaires. After MRI acquisitions, network rs-FC z-score and network-based gray matter volume matrices were exacted and preprocessed. The performance of feature selection and classification methods wa…

A line through the brain: implementation of human line-scanning at 7T for ultra-high spatiotemporal resolution fMRI.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a widely used tool in neuroscience to detect neurally evoked responses, e.g. the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Typically, BOLD fMRI has millimeter spatial resolution and temporal resolution of one to few seconds. To study the sub-millimeter structures and activity of the cortical gray matter, the field needs an fMRI method with high spatial and temporal resolution. Line-scanning fMRI achieves very high spatial resolution and high sampling rate, at the cost of a sacrifice in volume coverage. Here, we present a human line-scannin…

Choroid plexus perfusion in sickle cell disease and moyamoya vasculopathy: Implications for glymphatic flow.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid exchange have been shown to increase following pharmacologically-manipulated increases in c … ed consent and were scanned using a 3-Tesla arterial-spin-labeling MRI sequence for CP and cerebral gray matter (GM) perfusion quantification. ANOVA was used to calculate differences in CP-to-GM perfusion ratios between groups, and regression analyses applied to evaluate the dependence of the CP-to-GM perfusion ratio on group after co-varying for age and sex. …

Effects of Spaceflight Stressors on Brain Volume, Microstructure, and Intracranial Fluid Distribution.

Astronauts are exposed to elevated CO2 levels onboard the International Space Station. Here, we investigated structural brain changes in 11 participants following 30-days of head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) combined with 0.5% ambient CO2 (HDBR + CO2) as a spaceflight analog. We contrasted brain changes observed in the HDBR + CO2 group with those of a previous HDBR sample not exposed to elevated CO2. Both groups exhibited a global upward shift of the brain and concomitant intracranial free water (FW) redistribution. Greater gray matter changes were seen in the HDBR + CO2 group in some regions. Th…

Inhibition of astrocyte hemichannel improves recovery from spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe disability, and the current inability to restore function to the damaged spinal cord leads to lasting … 8 weeks post-SCI. Moreover, MHC1 treatment decreased gliosis and lesion sizes, increased white and gray matter sparing, and improved neuronal survival. Together, these results suggest that inhibition of Cx43 hemichannel function after traumatic SCI reduces secondary damage, limits perilesional gliosis, and improves functional recovery. By targeting hemichann …

Cerebellar-limbic neurocircuit is the novel biosignature of physio-cognitive decline syndrome.

Both physical and cognitive deficits occur in the aging process. We operationally defined the phenomenon as physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS) and aimed to decipher its corresponding neuroanatomy patterns and neurocircuit. High resolution 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images from a community-dwelling longitudinal aging cohort were analysed. PCDS was defined as weakness (handgrip strength) and/or slowness (gait speed) concomitant with impairment in any cognitive domain (defined by 1.5 standard deviation below age, sex-matched norms), but without dementia or disability. Among 1

Arterial spin labeling imaging correlates with the angiographic and clinical vascularity of vestibular schwannomas.

PURPOSE: Hypervascular vestibular schwannomas (HVSs) are a type of the vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that are extremely difficult to remove. We examined whether HVSs can be predicted by using arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging. METHODS: A total of 103 patients with VSs underwent ASL imaging and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before surgery. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) of gray matter and regional tumor blood flow (TBF) were calculated from ASL imaging, and we defined the ratio of TBF to CBF as the relative TBF (rTBF = TBF/CBF). Angiographic vascularity was evaluated by DSA, and …

Advanced paternal age as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders: a translational study.

Advanced paternal age (APA) is a risk factor for several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. The potential mechanisms conferring this risk are poorly understood. Here, we show that the personality traits schizotypy and neuroticism correlated with paternal age in healthy subjects (N = 677). Paternal age was further positively associated with gray matter volume (VBM, N = 342) in the right prefrontal and the right medial temporal cortex. The integrity of fiber tracts (DTI, N = 222) connecting these two areas correlated positively with paternal age. Genome-wide methyl…

Voxel-based morphometry and task functional magnetic resonance imaging in essential tremor: evidence for a disrupted brain network.

The pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is controversial and might be further elucidated by advanced neuroimaging. Focusing on homogeno … d linear regressions between clinical and fMRI data were also performed. Few cerebellar clusters of gray matter loss were found in ET. Conversely, widespread fMRI alterations were shown. Tremor in ET (task 1) was associated with extensive deactivations mainly involving the cerebellum, sensory-motor cortex, and basal ganglia compared to both tasks in HC, and w …

Neuroanatomy of transgender persons in a Non-Western population and improving reliability in clinical neuroimaging.

Although the neuroanatomy of transgender persons is slowly being charted, findings are presently discrepant. Moreover, the major body of wor … while assessing whether the reliability of findings across structural anatomical measures including gray matter volume (GMV), cortical surface area (CSA), and cortical thickness (CTh) could be increased by using two back-to-back within-session structural MRI scans. Overall, findings in transgender persons were more consistent with sex assigned at birth in GMV …