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Specialist palliative and end-of-life care for patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a European perspective.

BACKGROUND: Specialist palliative care team (SPCT) involvement has been shown to improve symptom control and end-of-life care for patients with cancer, but little is known as to how these have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report SPCT involvement during the first wave of the pandemic and compare outcomes for patients with cancer who received and did not receive SPCT input from multiple European cancer centres. METHODS: From the OnCovid repository (N = 1318), we analysed cancer patients aged ⩾18 diagnosed with COVID-19 between 26 February and 22 June 2020 who had complete sp

Clonal hematopoiesis and its progression to myeloid neoplasms: insights into risk, biology, and therapeutic strategies.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is defined by the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells harboring somatic mutations that confer a fitness advantage. CH is common with advancing age and becomes nearly ubiquitous in middle age. Although typically asymptomatic, CH is associated with an increased risk of hematologic malignancies particularly myeloid neoplasms (MN), diverse non-malignant conditions, and all-cause mortality. Over the past decade, research has provided major insights into the origins of CH. In addition to aging, CH is promoted by environmental exposures, inherited gen

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… This has been used to show that smoking is associated with increased base substitutions and indels in tissues with and without direct exposure to tobacco smoke. 52 However, the trinucleotide context of CH drivers occurring in smokers and non-smokers is largely similar and predominantly driven by the …

DNA Methylation Cancer Biomarkers: Translation to the Clinic.

Carcinogenesis is accompanied by widespread DNA methylation changes within the cell. These changes are characterized by a globally hypomethylated genome with focal hypermethylation of numerous 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) islands, often spanning gene promoters and first exons. Many of these epigenetic changes occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly pervasive across a tumor type. This allows DNA methylation cancer biomarkers to be suitable for early detection and also to have utility across a range of areas relevant to cancer detection and treatment. Such tests are also simple in

Быстрый обзор мер по улучшению ухода за людьми, страдающими множественным склерозом, диабетической ретинопатией и раком легких.

В Соединенных Штатах пациенты, страдающие хроническими заболеваниями, сталкиваются с различиями в показателях здоровья по всему спектру услуг по уходу. Среди пациентов с множественным склерозом, диабетической ретинопатией и раком легких не хватает доказательств, резюмирующих меры по улучшению ухода и сокращению этих различий. Цель этого оперативного обзора литературы заключалась в том, чтобы определить меры, принимаемые пациентами с такими хроническими заболеваниями в целях улучшения состояния здоровья и сокращения неравенства в плане выявления, диагностики, доступа к лечению и специалистам, с

Cement pulmonary embolism after percutaneous kyphoplasty: An unusual culprit for non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism.

Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism can occur from rare but diverse etiology and is not well understood. Increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in the aging population has contributed to increased utilization of percutaneous vertebral augmentation procedures of vertebroplasty and its recent modification, kyphoplasty. Though these procedures are relatively well tolerated, there is risk of potentially fatal complication of bone cement embolization to distant vasculature. We report a case of symptomatic pulmonary cement emboli developed 2 day's post kyphoplasty and its successful treatment with nove

Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A Clinical Scoping Review of the Risk Assessment Models Across Solid Tumours and Haematological Malignancies.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. The latest guidelines emphasize stratifying the patients in terms of CAT risks periodically. Multiple risk assessment models (RAMs) were developed to classify patients and guide thromboprophylaxis to high-risk patients. This study aimed to discuss and highlight different RAMs across various malignancy types with their related advantages and disadvantages. A scoping review was conducted using predefined search terms in three scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Science

BRAF V600E-Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Series and Literature Review of a Rare Entity.

Background: Although BRAF V600E mutations are common in solid tumors and select hematologic neoplasms, they are reported less frequently in myeloid malignancies. Of the cases of BRAF V600E-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that have been described, most display monocytic morphology and concurrent KMT2A rearrangement. Strikingly, all cases have been associated with poor survival. Case Presentation: Here, we report two cases of AML, one diagnosed in an elderly male with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma and the other diagnosed in a young boy previously treated for B-c

A Rapid Systematic Review on the Experiences of Cancer Survivors Residing in Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable disruption to cancer care and may have exacerbated existing challenges already faced by cancer survivors from rural areas. This has created a need for a rapid evidence synthesis to inform the development of tailored interventions that address the specific needs of rural cancer survivors who continue to be affected by the pandemic. The review was conducted following guidance from the Cochrane Rapid Review Methods Group. Database searches were performed via the EBSCOHost interface (includes MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) on 25 May 2022 and supplemented w

Different origin-derived exosomes and their clinical advantages in cancer therapy.

Exosomes, as a class of small extracellular vesicles closely related to the biological behavior of various types of tumors, are currently attracting research attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Regarding cancer diagnosis, the stability of their membrane structure and their wide distribution in body fluids render exosomes promising biomarkers. It is expected that exosome-based liquid biopsy will become an important tool for tumor diagnosis in the future. For cancer treatment, exosomes, as the "golden communicators" between cells, can be designed to deliver different drugs, aiming to ac

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… Tyagi et al. study examined exosomal miR-4466 from N2 neutrophils in smokers and non-smokers. They observed that the expression of exosomal miR-4466 from neutrophils was increased in smokers versus non-smokers. …

Case report: A successful second autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory systemic sclerosis, with positive effect on skin involvement, pulmonary function and microcirculation.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Treatment with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for progressive SSc has improved overall and event-free survival rates significantly, but unfortunately disease progression after HCT is seen in a subset of patients. Data on the efficacy and safety of second HCT is scarce. CASE: We present a patient with diffuse cutaneous SSc and associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) who successfully underwent a second HCT for prog

Acute respiratory failure as initial manifestation of conventional osteosarcoma rich in giant cells: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the bone. The giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is a rare histological variant of the conventional osteosarcoma, accounting for 3% of all osteosarcomas. It has a variable clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to multiple pathological fractures, mainly involving long bones, and less frequently the axial skeleton and soft tissues. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 25-year-old Hispanic woman, previously healthy, with a 1-month history of dyspnea on exertion, intermittent dry cough, hyporexia, and intermittent unquantified fe

Coronary CT and the coronary calcium score, the future of ED risk stratification?

Accurate and efficient evaluation of acute chest pain remains clinically challenging because traditional diagnostic modalities have many limitations. Recent improvement in non-invasive imaging technologies could potentially improve both diagnostic efficiency and clinical outcomes of patients with acute chest pain while reducing unnecessary hospitalizations. However, there is still controversy regarding much of the evidence for these technologies. This article reviews the role of coronary artery calcium score and the coronary computed tomography in the assessment of individual coronary risk and

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… coronary heart disease using risk factor categories Circulation 1998 97 1837 47 9603539 10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 14 Cullen P Schulte H Assmann G The Munster Heart Study (PROCAM): total mortality in middle-aged men is increased at low total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in smokers but not in non-smokers …

Exploration and Development of PPAR Modulators in Health and Disease: An Update of Clinical Evidence.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that govern the expression of genes responsible for energy metabolism, cellular development, and differentiation. Their crucial biological roles dictate the significance of PPAR-targeting synthetic ligands in medical research and drug discovery. Clinical implications of PPAR agonists span across a wide range of health conditions, including metabolic diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and malignancies. In this review we aim to consolidate exist

A 16-week progressive exercise training intervention in treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised-controlled pilot study.

BackgroundChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) typically presents with asymptomatic, early-stage disease that is monitored until disease progression ('treatment-naïve' CLL). The objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and preliminary safety of an exercise program in treatment-naïve CLL. We also sought to preliminarily assess the impact of the exercise program on disease activity, as it has been proposed that exercise training may reduce disease outgrowth in treatment-naïve CLL.MethodsA total of 40 treatment-naïve CLL patients were recruited into this randomised-controlled pi

Hepatitis C Management in a Lung Cancer Patient on Checkpoint Inhibition: A Case Report.

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have fundamentally changed the paradigm of chronic hepatitis C treatment, and their use is now recommended for all patients with active infection. Immunosuppression is a known contributing factor to an increased risk of disease progression, necroinflammatory activity, and chronic liver disease in individuals with chronic viral hepatitis, including both hepatitis B and C. Viral reactivation or flares of disease activity have been described in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C, respectively, who undergo immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatments, includ

Mid-term outcomes for Endoscopic versus Open Vein Harvest: a case control study.

BackgroundSaphenous vein remains the most common conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting with increasing uptake of minimally invasive harvesting techniques. While Endoscopic Vein Harvest (EVH) has been demonstrated to improve early morbidity compared to Open Vein Harvest (OVH), recent literature suggests that this may be at the expense of graft patency at one year and survival at three years.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective single-centre, single-surgeon, case-control study of EVH (n = 89) and OVH (n = 182). The primary endpoint was death with secondary endpoints including acute coronary

Enhancing Immune Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases among all types of lung cancer. Infectious diseases contribute to morbidity and mortality by delaying appropriate anti-cancer therapy in patients with NSCLC. Methods: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 288 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. The analysis of the post-vaccination response was performed after vaccination by assessing the frequency of plasmablasts via flow cytometry and by assessing the concentration of s

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… ± 10.14 Median (Range) 55.12 (43.00–79.00) Sex | 156 (54.16%) men 132 (45.8%) women | 36 (52.17%) men 33 (47.8) women Other vaccinations | 18.99% of people were vaccinated against influenza (53 people) | 20% of patients were additionally vaccinated against influenza Smoking | 7.88% of patients were non-smokers … 92.11% of patients smoked cigarettes | 9% of patients were non-smokers 91% of patients smoked cigarettes Surgical procedure | 12.19% of patients underwent surgery 87.81% of patients did not undergo surgery | 100% of patients did not undergo surgery 2.2. …

Occult Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Bone-Predominant Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: A Case Report of a p40-Negative Vertebral Metastasis.

Background and Clincal significance: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) classically presents with progressive dysphagia and weight loss, but atypical presentations may redirect the diagnostic workup before the esophageal primary is identified. We report a case illustrating the simultaneous convergence of three diagnostic pitfalls: absence of dysphagia, bone-predominant metastatic presentation initially managed as carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP), and negative p40 staining in a vertebral biopsy in a patient subsequently confirmed to have invasive mid-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Tumor angiogenesis as a target for dietary cancer prevention.

Between 2000 and 2050, the number of new cancer patients diagnosed annually is expected to double, with an accompanying increase in treatment costs of more than $80 billion over just the next decade. Efficacious strategies for cancer prevention will therefore be vital for improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. Judah Folkman first proposed antiangiogenesis as a strategy for preventing dormant microtumors from progressing to invasive cancer. Although antiangiogenic drugs are now available for many advanced malignancies (colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, liver, brain,

Feasibility of a tailored and virtually supported home exercise program for people with multiple myeloma using a novel eHealth application.

INTRODUCTION: eHealth exercise interventions have the unique ability to leverage the benefits of in-person programming (tailoring and supervision) with the benefits of home programming (flexibility). There may be a role for eHealth-delivered exercise for people with multiple myeloma (MM), as exercise tailoring and supervision are critical for successful outcomes due to the significant impacts/risks of myeloma-related side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week virtually supported eHealth exercise program. METHODS: Par