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CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Blast Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and T Cell Accumulation in the Lungs via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway.

Although CD28 is associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis-related protein, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis, the effects of CD28 deficiency on blast exposure-induced lung injury have not been investigated. In this study, we have explored the effects of CD28 on blast exposure-induced lung injury and studied its potential molecular mechanisms. A mouse model of blast exposure-induced acute lung injury was established. Sixty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CD28 knockout (CD28-/-) mice were randomly divided into control or model groups. Lung tissue samples were collected 2

Application of Perinatal Derivatives on Oncological Preclinical Models: A Review of Animal Studies.

The increasing cancer incidence has certified oncological management as one of the most critical challenges for the coming decades. New anticancer strategies are still needed, despite the significant advances brought to the forefront in the last decades. The most recent, promising therapeutic approaches have benefitted from the application of human perinatal derivatives (PnD), biological mediators with proven benefits in several fields beyond oncology. To elucidate preclinical results and clinic outcomes achieved in the oncological field, we present a narrative review of the studies resorting

Evaluating the Impact of Insurer-Sponsored Health Coaching on Hospitalization and Costs in India: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Health coaching programs are emerging as a promising intervention to improve disease management and reduce healthcare costs, particularly in the context of insurer-sponsored wellness initiatives. While such programs have shown positive outcomes in Western healthcare settings, their effectiveness in India remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of a health coaching program implemented by a prominent Indian health insurer (Aditya Birla Health Insurance), focusing on hospitalization rates and claims paid among high-risk policyholders. To assess the intervention's effectiveness, a re

Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials.

Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. The growing interest in mycotherapy requires a strong commitment from the scientific community to expand clinical trials and to propose supplements of safe origin and genetic purity. Bioactive compounds of

Molecular Mechanisms Leading from Periodontal Disease to Cancer.

Periodontitis is prevalent in half of the adult population and raises critical health concerns as it has been recently associated with an increased risk of cancer. While information about the topic remains somewhat scarce, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways promoting neoplasia in periodontitis patients is of fundamental importance. This manuscript presents the literature as well as a panel of tables and figures on the molecular mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, two main oral pathogens in periodontitis pathology, involved in instigati

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… Surprisingly, the authors observed that injection of LPS in the peritoneal cavity did not stimulate metastatic response, whereas a sterile model of periodontal inflammation induced metastasis. Moreover, PD seemed to attract metastases directly toward the inflammation site [ 145 ]. …

Nucleotide Metabolism in Health and Disease.

Nucleotide metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process, providing the building blocks for DNA and RNA synthesis while driving critical cellular functions like energy transfer, signal transduction, and coenzyme synthesis. The precise regulation of nucleotide de novo synthesis, salvage, and degradation pathways is imperative for maintaining genomic stability and tissue homeostasis. Aberrations in these networks are increasingly recognized as primary drivers in various pathologies; notably, cancer cells exploit metabolic-functional reprogramming to enable rapid proliferation and therapeutic r

Trial watch: Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy.

Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as a promising approach for the treatment of several neoplasms. The term "oncolytic viruses" is generally employed to indicate naturally occurring or genetically engineered attenuated viral particles that cause the demise of malignant cells while sparing their non-transformed counterparts. From a conceptual standpoint, oncolytic viruses differ from so-called "oncotropic viruses" in that only the former are able to kill cancer cells, even though both display a preferential tropism for malignant tissues. Of note, such a specificity can originate at several diffe

Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors.

Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) aims to selectively deliver radionuclides emitting α-particles (cytotoxic payload) to tumors by chelation to monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules that recognize tumor-associated antigens or cell-surface receptors. Because of the high linear energy transfer (LET) and short range of alpha (α) particles in tissue, cancer cells can be significantly damaged while causing minimal toxicity to surrounding healthy cells. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of TAT in the treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prosta

The Clinical Application of Ozonetherapy

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Roxadustat Versus Erythropoietin: The Comparison of Efficacy in Reversing Ventricular Remodeling in Dialysis Patients with Anaemia.

Background: Renal anaemia and left ventricular hypertrophy are the main complications of chronic kidney disease and are shared among dialysis patients. This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacies of the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor roxadustat and recombinant human erythropoietin in reversing ventricular remodeling in dialysis patients with renal anaemia. Methods: A total of 204 participants underwent baseline examinations, including echocardiograms and laboratory tests, before being administered either treatment for at least 24 weeks from January 2018 to O

Inpatient Medicine

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Navigating Trichosporon Asahii Infections in Pediatric Leukemia: First Reported Case in Central and Eastern Europe Case Report and Literature Review.

Invasive fungal infections pose significant challenges in the management of immunocompromised patients, particularly those undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies. Trichosporon asahii is a rare but severe cause of invasive trichosporonosis, associated with mortality rates. Effective management is complicated by its resistance to echinocandins and reduced susceptibility to polyenes, necessitating azole-based therapy. This paper aims to illustrate the diagnostic challenges associated with Trichosporon infections, analyze the complexities of treatment, review and synthesize known risk f

Curcumol inhibits the malignant progression of prostate cancer and regulates the PDK1/AKT/mTOR pathway by targeting miR‑9.

Curcumol has been reported to exert anti‑tumor activity, but its intrinsic molecular mechanism in prostate cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of curcumol on prostate cancer and identify its possible internal regulatory pathway using in vitro cell culture and in vivo tumor model experiments. The cytotoxicity of curcumol was detected using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and it was found that curcumol had no obvious toxicity or side effects on RWPE‑1 cells. Wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that curcumol could affect the activ

Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives.

Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis anti

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… Intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy with 177Lu-CC49 was well tolerated and seems to have antitumor activity against chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity [ 211 , 212 , 213 ]. …

From Early Diagnoses to New Treatments for Liver, Pancreatic, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers Using Carbon Nanotubes: New Chances Still Underexplored.

Pancreatic, liver, gastric, colorectal, and rectal cancers (PC, LC, GC, CRC, and RC) are highly lethal tumours, with a 5-year survival rate of 10.5% (PC) and <20% (LC), and of 5%, 12%, and 13% for IV-stage GC, CRC, and RC, respectively. Currently, PC and LC represent the third leading cause of cancer-related death, while GCs and CRCs account for 4.8 million cancer cases and 4.4 million cancer deaths worldwide. Poor prognoses are mainly due to late diagnosis, limited efficacy of available treatments, tumour recurrence, as well as therapy-induced secondary tumorigenesis and drug resistance. In r

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… Conversely, CNT-induced hyperthermia requires only 0.5 L of chemotherapy drug, eliminating the need for perfusion circuits and allowing tumour nodules to be exposed to infrared light once after being immersed in the drug/CNTs solution within the peritoneal cavity [ 166 ]. …

THE BEHAVIOR OF BACILLUS LEPRAE IN COLD-BLOODED ANIMALS.

Before proceeding to a discussion of the experiments upon cold-blooded animals, it is necessary to review briefly some of the work recently … d. When cats, rabbits, bats, guinea pigs, and rats are inoculated either below the skin or into the peritoneal cavity with large quantities of Bacillus leprae, a slight local reaction follows within twenty-four to forty-eight hours, but no definite lesions are produced and the bacilli soon disappear. The resistance of some animals to Bacillus leprae is well illustr …

Oncolytic virus therapy in the elderly: immune frailty, challenges, and perspectives.

With global aging accelerating, cancer incidence among older adults is rapidly increasing. Individuals aged ≥65 years now represent 64% of new cancer cases and 71.3% of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This population exhibits a distinct immune imbalance-driven by tumor-induced immunosuppression, immunosenescence, and inflammaging-which contributes to poor tolerance of standard therapies and suboptimal outcomes with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. As an emerging immunotherapeutic strategy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively infect tumor cells, induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), and activate the cGAS

Efficacy and safety of bispecific antibodies vs. immune checkpoint blockade combination therapy in cancer: a real-world comparison.

Emerging tumor immunotherapy methods encompass bispecific antibodies (BSABs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive cell immunotherapy. BSABs belong to the antibody family that can specifically recognize two different antigens or epitopes on the same antigen. These antibodies demonstrate superior clinical efficacy than monoclonal antibodies, indicating their role as a promising tumor immunotherapy option. Immune checkpoints are also important in tumor immunotherapy. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a widely acknowledged immune checkpoint target with effective anti-tumor ac

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… Considering that peritoneal cells originate from the mesothelium and consequently do not express EpCAM, EpCAM may serve as a potential therapeutic target for peritoneal cavity tumors [ 112 ]. …

Резюме ESPR 2013Европейское общество педиатрической радиологии 50th Ежегодное совещание и 36th Курсы для аспирантов. Июнь 3–7 2013. Будапешт, Венгрия.

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The Role of TAM Receptors in Bone.

The TAM (TYRO3, MERTK, and AXL) family of receptor tyrosine kinases are pleiotropic regulators of adult tissue homeostasis maintaining organ integrity and self-renewal. Disruption of their homeostatic balance fosters pathological conditions like autoinflammatory or degenerative diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematodes, or liver fibrosis. Moreover, TAM receptors exhibit prominent cell-transforming properties, promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance in various cancer entities. Emerging evidence shows that TAM receptors are involved in bone homeostasis