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Qualitative Results from a Pilot Study of an Automated Directly Observed Therapy Intervention Using Artificial Intelligence with Conditional Economic Incentives among Young Adults with HIV.

Digitally monitoring and supporting daily antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a promising strategy for enhanced adherence among young adults with HIV (YWH). We implemented an innovative mobile app-based intervention that included automated directly observed therapy (aDOT) using artificial intelligence, medication reminders, and conditional economic incentives (CEIs). This intervention used facial recognition to track and record YWH's daily ART adherence. CEIs were given based on daily app use. A pilot study of the aDOT + CEI app intervention was conducted among YWH ages 18-29 for 3 months. We recr

Sports Injury Patterns and Economic Consequences Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Study of Norwegian Sports From 2017 to 2020 Using Insurance Data.

Understanding injury rates and costs is crucial for targeted prevention, yet data across sports remain sparse. Furthermore, information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on injuries across sports is limited. This study aimed to describe injury incidence rates, injured body regions, costs, and mean cost per 1000 athlete year across different sports before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzed insurance data from licensed Norwegian athletes aged 13-50 years participating in football, handball, athletics, gymnastics, and swimming over a four-year period (2017-2020). Injury inc

Correlation between economic status and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia: analysis of claim data from the national health insurance scheme, 2018-2022.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the correlation between the type of health insurance membership as a proxy for the economic status of patients and the severity of their type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia. DESIGN: The study conducted a secondary analysis of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional) claim data provided by the Indonesian Social Security Agency, Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). We used ordered logistic regression with four severity levels for T2DM (0=outpatient, I=mild, II=moderate, III=severe) as dependent variables. The main independent va

Economic factors influencing utilization of world health organization recommended ANC visits among women in Jordan: an analysis of Jordan population and family health survey 2023.

BACKGROUND: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality by identifying and managing complications early during pregnancy. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its guidelines, recommending a minimum of eight ANC visits to improve maternal health outcomes. Despite Jordan's efforts to enhance maternal healthcare, disparities in ANC utilization persist, particularly among vulnerable populations such as refugees. This study aimed to assess the economic factors influencing utilization of the WHO-recommended eight ANC visits among women in Jordan. MET

From prenatal economic pressure to child problem behavior at age 6: An examination of the longitudinal family stress model and the role of social support in two-parent families.

The family stress model outlines that parents' economic pressure can lead to a cascade of family stress processes, which in turn can lead to child internalizing and externalizing behavior. In the current preregistered study, we investigated to what extent the relation between prenatal economic pressure and child internalizing and externalizing behavior at child age 6 can be explained through the sequential mediating processes of parents' psychological distress and harsh parenting at child age 3. In our models, we accounted for the influence of both mothers and fathers. We also tested the moder

Costs and benefits of early access to new cancer drugs through the US Food and Drug Administration's accelerated approval pathway: retrospective observational study and economic evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the survival gains and additional Medicare spending associated with early access to new cancer drugs granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), compared with access to cancer drugs following completion of confirmatory trials. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study and economic evaluation. SETTING: US Medicare programme, which provides health insurance for adults aged 65 years and older. PARTICIPANTS: Medicare beneficiaries who received new cancer drug indications from the time of FDA accelerated approval to conversion to regular appr

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… Supplementary material Acknowledgements We thank Courtney Davis (King’s College London, UK) and Steve Pearson (Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, US) for their comments on an earlier version of this paper; and Lydia Li and Sophie Mulsant (both from the London School of Economics and Political … Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations. BMJ. 2022;376:e067975. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067975. 35. CMS Data; [21-Jul-2025]. …

Mobile Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes and Interactive Support During Breast and Prostate Cancer Treatment: Health Economic Evaluation From Two Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions for supportive care during cancer treatment incorporating electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) can enhance early detection of symptoms and facilitate timely symptom management. However, economic evaluations are needed. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a cost-utility analysis of an app for ePRO and interactive support from the perspective of the payer (Region Stockholm Health Care Organization) and to explore its impact on patient health care utilization and costs. METHODS: Two open-label randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted, includ

Clinical Utility of Early Intervention Including the 5-Step Precision Medicine Method in First-Episode Psychosis: Protocol for a Cohort Study With Nested Economic and Process Evaluations.

BACKGROUND: Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia present a significant challenge to health care systems due to their high disability rates and treatment costs. With discontinuation rates for antipsychotics reaching over 40% in the first year and 80% after 3 years, it is crucial to tailor antipsychotic selection and dosing early in treatment. Personalized precision psychiatry, underpinned by pharmacogenetics, holds considerable potential in individualizing antipsychotic treatment for patients with first-episode psychosis. An internationally pioneering method called 5-step precision medicin

Auditory sequence learning with degraded input: children with cochlear implants ('nature effect') compared to children from low and high socio-economic backgrounds ('nurture effect').

Implicit sequence learning (SL) is crucial for language acquisition and has been studied in children with organic language deficits (e.g., specific language impairment). However, language delays are also seen in children with non-organic deficits, such as those with hearing loss or from low socioeconomic status (SES). While some children with cochlear implants (CI) develop strong language skills, variability in performance suggests that degraded auditory input (nature) may affect SL. Low SES children typically experience language delays due to environmental deprivation (nurture). The purpose o

Early life exposure to economic shocks and association with childhood malnutrition: a pooled analysis of 230 nationwide surveys from 68 low-income and middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between economic growth and nutrition is not yet fully understood in the context of the new nutrition reality where most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face an increasing double burden of malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the association between early life exposure to economic shocks and multiple forms of childhood malnutrition in LMICs. METHODS: We pooled cross-sectional data on children younger than 5 years from the Demographic and Health Surveys from 1990 to 2022 and longitudinal income data from the World Inequality Database. An economic sh

Model-Based Economic Evaluation of the First-in-Class Myosin Inhibitor Mavacamten Versus Care as Usual in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients from a Dutch Societal Perspective.

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is a myocardial disease, characterised by left ventricular hypertrophy, hampering the ventricular blood outflow. Standard of care (SoC) includes medications such as beta-blockers (BB) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) and septal reduction therapies. Recently, mavacamten, a first-in-class myosin inhibitor, became available to oHCM patients. The objective was to develop a decision analytic model to evaluate the cost effectiveness of mavacamten compared with SoC in oHCM patients from a Dutch societal perspective. METHODS: A Markov model

Adherence, treatment utilization, clinical and economic outcomes of patients with sickle cell disease with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises treated with recently approved chronic therapies in the US.

Aim: To describe real-world adherence, treatment utilization, vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) and economic outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) with recurrent VOC treated with L-glutamine, voxelotor or crizanlizumab in the US. Materials & methods: In this retrospective study, patients with SCD with recurrent VOC who received L-glutamine, voxelotor, or crizanlizumab were identified from the Merative™ MarketScan® Research Databases between 1 January 2015 and 30 September 2022. Eligible patients had ≥12 months continuous enrollment before and after the first chronic therapy claim (i.e.

Economic costs of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and healthcare utilization patterns post animal bites: An experience from a private healthcare facility in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

INTRODUCTION: Rabies remains a public health challenge in many parts of the world, particularly in countries like India, where it is responsible for a significant number of human fatalities. Despite being a preventable disease, rabies continues to exert a heavy toll on the population, largely due to delays in seeking post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and the economic burden associated with treatment. OBJECTIVE: 1. To address this gap by assessing the economic costs of rabies PEP and healthcare utilization patterns among individuals treated at a private healthcare facility in Bhubaneswar 2. To a

Modeling the health and economic implications of adopting a 1-dose 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccination program in adolescents in low/middle-income countries: An analysis of Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that 1 dose of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine may have similar effectiveness in reducing HPV infection risk compared to 2 or 3 doses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of implementing a 1-dose or a 2-dose program of the 9-valent HPV vaccine in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). METHODS: We adapted a dynamic transmission model to the Indonesia setting, and conducted a probabilistic sensitivity analysis using distributions reflecting the uncertainty in levels and durability of protection of a 1-dose that we

Economic evaluation of first-line cryoballoon ablation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation from an English National Health Service perspective.

INTRODUCTION: Three recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that pulmonary vein isolation as an initial rhythm control strategy with cryoablation reduces atrial arrhythmia recurrence in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) compared with antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line cryoablation compared with first-line AADs for treating symptomatic PAF in an English National Health Service (NHS) setting. METHODS: Individual patient-level data from 703 participants with PAF enrolled into Cry

Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and post-tuberculosis sequelae in low- and middle-income countries: a database compiled from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tuberculosis (TB) impose a substantial economic burden globally. This systematic review summarised the evidence on the costs of COPD, including post-TB diseases in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted and studies published between 1 January 2013 and 28 March 2022 (the date of the search) were identified using various electronic databases without language restrictions. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened in duplicate and data were extracted and verified by reviewers. Eligible studies

Children's Emotion Regulation and Subjective Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intergenerational Perspective Among Racially and Economically Minoritized Mother-Child Dyads in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted family life, with disproportionate impacts on families who are racially and economically marginalized. Decades of developmental research emphasize how caregivers' or children's emotional responses to stressors shape children's post-exposure adaptation. Less work has examined the intersection of parents' and children's lived experiences of the pandemic, and their co-contribution to children's adaptation. OBJECTIVE: The study's goal was to examine both COVID-related and lifetime stressors and their associations with maternal perception of children's e

Resilience among older adults with multimorbidity using the Connor-Davidson scale in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: health behaviour, socio-economic, and social support predictors.

OBJECTIVE: Multimorbidity is recognized as a serious health condition faced by a majority of older adults. Research investigating adaptive responses to multimorbidity, termed multimorbidity resilience, has been growing. This paper examines protective and risk factors, with a focus on health behaviours, socio-economic resources, and social support using an established measure of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) among older adults, focusing on older persons with two or more concurrent chronic conditions. METHODS: Using Baseline (2011-2015), Follow-up One (2015-2018), and Follow-up

Health-Related Quality of Life and Economic Analysis of Olanzapine Versus Aprepitant in Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy in Malaysia.

OBJECTIVES: Olanzapine has been shown to be effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) after highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC); however, there is limited work on the impact of CINV on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the comparative cost-effectiveness of CINV prophylaxis in the Malaysian context. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the HRQoL using EQ-5D-5L and the cost-effectiveness of olanzapine compared with aprepitant for CINV prophylaxis in Malaysia using data from a local study. METHODS: Fifty-nine chemo-naive patients receiving eith

Techno-economic analysis of off-grid hybrid wind-photovoltaic-battery power system by analyzing different batteries for the industrial plant in Shiraz Industrial Town, Iran.

The world has moved toward renewable energy resources for three major reasons: (1) to mitigate climate change arising from the excessive emission of greenhouse gases, (2) to protect health by lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and (3) to meet ever-increasing demands for energy. Shiraz is a major city in Iran and struggles with pollution challenges due to the presence of highly polluting industries. The increased energy demand and the lack of a demand-supply trade-off have led to frequent power outages in Shiraz in recent years. Batteries have been of great interest to researchers as they have