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From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease.

The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environment

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… The anabolic effects of intermittent PTH occur through several mechanisms: (1) increased production of growth factors that promote bone formation, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2); (2) influencing the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that supports bone …

Brown Tumor From Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Mimicking Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Brown tumors (also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica) are rare complications of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), characterized by focal bone lesions that resemble neoplasms. They are often misdiagnosed as metastatic bone disease, especially in patients with a history of malignancy. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with a history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and ESRD on hemodialysis (HD), who developed diffuse bone lesions on imaging with osteolytic/osteoblastic appearance concerning metastases, but on further workup was found to have brown tumors.

Adult-onset hypophosphatemic osteomalacia as a cause of widespread musculoskeletal pain: A retrospective case series of single center experience.

BACKGROUND: Osteomalacia (OM) is frequently confused with various musculoskeletal or other rheumatic diseases, especially in patients with adult-onset widespread musculoskeletal pain because of its low prevalence and non-specific manifestations. AIM: To facilitate the early diagnosis and etiology-specific treatment of adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed to screen adult patients who visited a physiatry locomotive medicine clinic (spine and musculoskeletal pain clinic) primarily presenting with widespread musculoskeletal pain at a s

Current status and perspectives of genetic testing in gastrointestinal cancer (Review).

Genetic testing has become widespread in daily medical care for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, unlike breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, in which personalized medicine targeting various driver genes is standardized, the incidence of targeted gene abnormalities in GI cancers is low. Nevertheless, such abnormalities may be linked to therapeutic agents and the further development of therapeutic agents for personalized medicine for GI cancers is desired. A liquid biopsy is of great benefit in offering clinical decision support, in applications such as GI cancer screening, surgi

Stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer: A microRNA-nanocomposite approach.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality. The lifetime risk of developing CRC is about 5% in adult males and females. CRC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and at this point therapy has a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival. Novel and/or improved CRC therapeutic options are needed. The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development has been reported, and their regulation in many oncogenic pathways suggests their potent tumor suppressor action. Although miRNAs provide a promising therapeutic approach for cancer, challenges such as

Biological Evaluation of Naproxen-Dehydrodipeptide Conjugates with Self-Hydrogelation Capacity as Dual LOX/COX Inhibitors.

The use of peptide-drug conjugates is emerging as a powerful strategy for targeted drug delivery. Previously, we have found that peptides conjugated to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), more specifically naproxen-dehydrodipeptide conjugates, readily form nanostructured fibrilar supramolecular hydrogels. These hydrogels were revealed as efficacious nano-carriers for drug delivery applications. Moreover, the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) rendered the hydrogels responsive to external magnetic fields, undergoing gel-to-solution phase transition

33rd Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2018) : Washington, D.C., USA. 7-11 November 2018.

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CAR-T: What Is Next?

The year 2017 was marked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies. The approved indications were for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and for the treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in a second or later relapse. Since then, extensive research activities have been ongoing globally on different hematologic and solid tumors to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy for these diseases. Limitations to CAR

Интеграция нанотехнологий в онкологию для передовых стратегий наночастиц в целевую диагностику и лечение рака.

Рак остается одной из основных глобальных проблем в области здравоохранения. Обычная терапия часто ограничивается низкой избирательностью опухолей, системной токсичностью, резистентностью к многочисленным лекарствам и неоптимальными фармакокинетиками. Нанотехнология предлагает преобразующий подход в онкологии. Она позволяет осуществлять целенаправленные поставки наркотиков, контролировать или стимулировать их высвобождение и использовать многофункциональные платформы, сочетающие в себе терапию и диагностику. Нанопчасти повышают растворимость наркотиков, продлевают циркуляцию и повышают внутрик

Natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells as innate immune therapies for blood cancers.

Innate immune cells are emerging as powerful allies in the fight against blood cancers. Natural Killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs)—once viewed mainly as supporting players—are now at the forefront of next-generation immunotherapies, owing to their rapid, antigen-independent tumor recognition and potent effector functions. This review highlights their distinct anti-tumor roles: NK cells’ cytotoxicity and “missing-self” recognition, the dual and adaptable nature of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the antigen-presenting capabilities of DCs that bridge i

The Health-Promoting Effects and the Mechanism of Intermittent Fasting.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern in which individuals go extended periods with little or no energy intake after consuming regular food in intervening periods. IF has several health-promoting effects. It can effectively reduce weight, fasting insulin levels, and blood glucose levels. It can also increase the antitumor activity of medicines and cause improvement in the case of neurological diseases, such as memory deficit, to achieve enhanced metabolic function and prolonged longevity. Additionally, IF activates several biological pathways to induce autophagy, encourages cell renew

Recent Advances in Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification and Patient Management in Cardio-Oncology.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Following significant advancements in cancer therapeutics and survival, the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC) is increasingly recognized. With ongoing efforts to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and survivors, cardiac biomarkers have been studied for both risk stratification and monitoring during and after therapy to detect subclinical disease. This article will review the utility for biomarker use throughout the cancer care continuum. RECENT FINDINGS: A recent meta-analysis shows utility for troponin in monitoring patients

Single-cell sequencing in molecular diagnostics: Transformative yet untapped potential.

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) techniques have the potential to offer precise insights into cellular diversity by revealing unique genetic and transcriptomic profiles at the single-cell level. This advanced technology has been used extensively in research, but it has still not translated to clinical diagnostics, despite its potential. SCS provides more accurate granular information about heterogeneous cell populations and the creation of personalized treatment strategies. However, the integration of SCS into clinical practice is challenging. This review discusses the potential of SCS technologie

Diabetes mellitus and the skin.

Several dermatoses are routinely associated with diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with chronic disease. This relationship can be easily proven in some skin disorders, but it is not so clear in others. Dermatoses such necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, acanthosis nigricans and others are discussed in this text, with an emphasis on proven link with the diabetes or not, disease identification and treatment strategy used to control those dermatoses and diabetes.

Integrated genomic and clinical modeling for prognostic assessment of radiotherapy response in rectal neoplasms.

The aim of this study is to develop a prognostic model for evaluating radiotherapy response in patients diagnosed with rectal neoplasms by integrating genomic and clinical data. Publicly accessible datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes associated with drug resistance and mitophagy. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to investigate relevant biological pathways. A prognostic risk model was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and validated via receiver operating

CPUY201112, a novel synthetic small-molecule compound and inhibitor of heat shock protein Hsp90, induces p53-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is highly expressed in many tumor cells and is associated with the maintenance of malignant phenotypes. Targeting Hsp90 has had therapeutic success in both solid and hematological malignancies, which has inspired more studies to identify new Hsp90 inhibitors with improved clinical efficacy. Using a fragment-based approach and subsequent structural optimization guided by medicinal chemistry principles, we identified the novel compound CPUY201112 as a potent Hsp90 inhibitor. It binds to the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90 with a kinetic dissociation (Kd) constant of 27

Yellow nail syndrome: a review.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS; OMIM 153300, ORPHA662) is a very rare disorder that almost always occurs after 50 years of age but a juvenile or familial form has also been observed. YNS is diagnosed based on a triad associating yellow nail discoloration, pulmonary manifestations (chronic cough, bronchiectasia, pleural effusion) and lower limb lymphedema. Chronic sinusitis is frequently associated with the triad. YNS etiology remains unknown but a role of lymphatic impairment is usually evoked. YNS is more frequently isolated but may be associated in rare cases with autoimmune diseases, other clini

LOX-1 and cancer: an indissoluble liaison.

Recently, a strong correlation between metabolic disorders, tumor onset, and progression has been demonstrated, directing new therapeutic strategies on metabolic targets. OLR1 gene encodes the LOX-1 receptor protein, responsible for the recognition, binding, and internalization of ox-LDL. In the past, several studied, aimed to clarify the role of LOX-1 receptor in atherosclerosis, shed light on its role in the stimulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and pro-angiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macroph

Emerging evidence of the molecular landscape specific for hematogenous metastasis from gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Most GC patients are diagnosed when the cancer is in an advanced stage, and consequently, some develop metastatic lesions that generally cause cancer-related death. Metastasis establishment is affected by various conditions, such as tumor location, hemodynamics and organotropism. While digestive cancers may share a primary site, certain cases develop hematogenous metastasis with the absence of peritoneal metastasis, and vice versa. Numerous studies have revealed the clinicopathological risk factors for hematogeno

Oncolytic Adenovirus: Prospects for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has moved to the forefront of modern oncologic treatment in the past few decades. Various forms of immunotherapy currently are emerging, including oncolytic viruses. In this therapy, viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor cells and reduce toxicity for non-neoplastic tissues. Adenovirus is one of the most frequently employed oncolytic viruses because of its capacity in tumor cell lysis and immune response stimulation. Upregulation of immunostimulatory signals induced by oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) might significantly remove local immune suppression and amplify