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Delivering eye health education to deprived communities in India through a social media-based innovation.

In this article, Chandrani Maitra, with her supervisor, Prof. Jennifer Rowley, reports on her PhD research conducted at Manchester Metropolitan University. This research aimed to develop understanding of the benefits of, and the challenges associated with the use of social media to disseminate eye health information in deprived communities in India. Such communities typically have a low level of access to health information, as the result of poor literacy, poverty, lack of women's empowerment, cultural practices, society dynamics, and medical malpractice. This study used an intervention based …

India Fighting COVID-19: Experiences and Lessons Learned From the Successful Kerala and Bhilwara Models.

The COVID-19 pandemic marks its emergence in China in December 2019. India reported its first case on January 30th 2020 which happened to be epidemiologically linked to China. On March 24, India went into nationwide lockdown. The number of cases increased in the country and a few hotspots were identified. Cluster containment strategy seemed to be effective in containing the disease and breaking the chain of transmission. Two models (Kerala and Bhilwara) emerged as a lesson for other states. Kerala government implemented a "triple-lock containment strategy" and Bhilwara district administration …

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile, Etiology, and Imaging in Neonatal Stroke: An Observational Study from Eastern India.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile, etiology, and imaging findings in neonatal stroke (NS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study on neonates presenting with stroke between August 2014 and July 2016 to a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. RESULTS: In all, 43 neonates were analyzed, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. About 88% babies were born at term and the rest were preterm. In 37%, the etiology of stroke was related to hypoxic injury, 21% had sepsis, and 35% had idiopathic causes. Seizures were the most comm…

Clinicopathological Profile of Childhood Onset Cutaneous Mastocytosis from a Tertiary Care Center in South India.

BACKGROUND: Mastocytosis is characterized by clonal proliferation of mast cells in various organs and can have isolated cutaneous or systemic involvement. Childhood-onset mastocytosis (COM) is usually cutaneous and regresses spontaneously, while adult-onset mastocytosis (AOM) is often persistent with systemic involvement. There is limited data on COM from India. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the clinicopathological profile of COM. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all the patients with histologically proven COM (≤16 years), presenting over 11 years (January 2009 to December 201…

Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcome of COVID-19 Associated AKI- A Study from South India.

BACKGROUND: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a dreaded complication of Covid-19 infection with high morbidity and mortality. Limited data exists on Indian experience. In a tertiary care hospital situated in South India, we analysed the incidence, clinical profile and outcomes of patients diagnosed with AKI due to COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective data of Adult cases admitted with COVID-19 over a 8 month period from April - November 2020 was collected. Incidence, Demographics, Clinical profile, Management and Outcomes of COVID-19 associated AKI were analysed. Primary outcome was In- hospital mortal…

Quantitative risk assessment of human Taenia solium exposure from consuming pork produced in Punjab, India.

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected zoonosis that affects people throughout much of the developing world. The disease is endemic in Punjab state of India and controlling it is a public health challenge. No studies have been conducted to quantify the risk of T. solium exposure from consuming pork produced in the state. A stochastic quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model was constructed to understand the risk of human T. solium infection from consuming pork produced in Punjab. Input data were collected from official records, published literature, active surveillance and specifically for…

Community-based Mobile Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural India: Successes and Challenges for Implementation.

Glans penis morphology has been used as a powerful tool in mammal taxonomy to differentiate cryptic species. Neotropical rodent species Akodoncursor and A.montensis are cryptic, and interspecific hybrids are like their parental species. We investigated non-metric and metric phallic characters aiming to differentiate A.cursor from A.montensis. We also evaluated the parental species' influence of the phallic characters on hybrids. We analysed 96 male adults-56 A.cursor, 27 A.montensis, and 13 hybrids, subgrouping species by locality and hybrids by parental species (paternal vs maternal). We veri

Phylogenetic classification of the whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from India & evolutionary trends.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Several phylogenetic classification systems have been devised to trace the viral lineages of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, inconsistency in the nomenclature limits uniformity in its epidemiological understanding. This study provides an integration of existing classifications and describes evolutionary trends of the SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in India. METHODS: The whole genomes of 330 SARS-CoV-2 samples were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenetic and sequence analysis of a total of 3014 Indian SA…

Epidemiology, Genotyping, Mutational and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in North-east India.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem globally. Northeast India is home to indigenous tribes with different ethnicity and high rates of drug abuse and HIV infection. The study was designed to estimate the burden of HBV infection across various spectrums of liver diseases from this region. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes play a role in the chronicity of disease, response to treatment and its progression. As very limited data are available from this region, we tried to elucidate the role of HBV genotypes, HBV mutants and their phylogenetic analys…

Участие общин в борьбе с денге и другими трансмиссивными заболеваниями в муниципалитете Алапуха, Керала, Индия.

Во многих штатах Индии, включая Кералу, серьезной угрозой являются заболевания, передаваемые векторами (ВБД). Децентрализованное планирование и участие на уровне общин являются эффективными стратегиями, которые могут привести к позитивным изменениям в поведении в целях контроля над ДДП. Это общинное исследование было проведено в ноябре 2016 года - октябре 2018 года в муниципалитете Алапуха в Керале, Индия. Она проводилась в два этапа. На первом этапе были проведены исследования в целях изучения особенностей и представлений общины и, таким образом, планирования и разработки соответствующих мер.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Introduction Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are a serious threat in many Indian states, including Kerala. Community-based decentralized planning and engagement are effective strategies that can make positive behavioral changes to control VBDs. Methods This community-based implementation research was conducted during November 2016 - October 2018 in Alappuzha mu…

West Nile Viral Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Female: A Case Report from Western Rajasthan, India.

BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. The virus is transmitted primarily by the bite of Culex species mosquito and is of global concern. The infection is associated with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms and is more fatal in the elderly, infants, and immunocompromised individuals. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of WNV meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent female who presented with features of acute meningitis with a 5-days history. After the radiological suspicion of viral meningoencephalit

Cholera outbreak associated with contaminated water sources in paddy fields, Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh, India.

BACKGROUND: Mandla District in Madhya Pradesh, India, reported a suspected cholera outbreak from Ghughri subdistrict on August 18, 2016. OBJECTIVE: We investigated to determine risk factors and recommend control and prevention measures. METHODS: We defined a case as >3 loose stools in 24 h in a Ghughri resident between July 20 and August 19, 2016. We identified cases by passive surveillance in health facilities and by a house-to-house survey in 28 highly affected villages. We conducted a 1:2 unmatched case-control study, collected stool samples for culture, and tested water sources for fecal…

Medical nutrition therapy of pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus in India: Unique aspects and challenges.

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a vital aspect of management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and should be tailored to ethnic and family traditions and the socioeconomic and educational status of the patient. In this article, we discuss the unique aspects of MNT in children and adolescents with T1DM in the Indian setting, with focus on the challenges faced by patients, dieticians and physicians and how these can be overcome. The authors reviewed the available literature on MNT in T1DM from India and prepared the document based on their vast collective clinical experience in treating pati…

Health related quality of life in pediatric onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Kerala, India.

BACKGROUND: To study the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pediatric onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) in the state of Kerala in India. METHODS: Diabetes specific HRQoL was determined in 107 subjects with onset of T1DM less than 21 years using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.2 questionnaire of which 69 also completed the PedsQL 4.0 generic questionnaire. The parents of these patients completed the proxy scoring questionnaire. The generic HRQoL of T1DM was compared with control population without diabetes. RESULTS: Mean age of onset of T1DM was 8.2 ± 4.6 years a…

Symptomatic CSF HIV Escape in Patients on Anti Retroviral Therapy - A Case Series from India.

The central nervous system is believed to be a safe sanctuary site which is established very early in the course of HIV infection where the virus can escape antiretroviral therapy. HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is seen to occur even in patients on successful systemic ART. HIV RNA can be at higher levels in CSF than plasma termed as CSF / plasma discordance or CSF escape. We aimed to study the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in HIV patients who develop neurocognitive dysfunction on otherwise successful (suppressive) ART. We reported 6 cases of HAND in patients on regular s

Nutritional assessment among adult patients with suspected or confirmed active tuberculosis disease in rural India.

OBJECTIVES: Our study goal was to evaluate a set of nutritional indicators among adults with confirmed or suspected active tuberculosis disease in southern India, given the limited literature on this topic. Study objectives were to assess the: I) double burden of malnutrition at individual and population levels; II) relative performance of anthropometric indicators (body mass index, waist circumference) in diabetes screening; and III) associations between vitamin D and metabolic abnormalities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital in rural southern India. PARTICIPANTS: Among adul…

Do tribal children experience elevated risk of poor nutritional status in India? A multilevel analysis.

Economic progress in India over the past three decades has not been accompanied by a commensurate improvement in the nutritional status of children, and a disproportionate burden of undernutrition is still focused on socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in the poorest regions. This study examined the nutritional status of children under 3 years of age using data from the fourth round of Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015-2016. Child undernutrition was assessed in a sample of 126,431 under-3 children using the anthropometric indices of stunting, underweight and wastin…

Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has now created the largest pandemic and the World health organization (WHO) has declared social distancing as the key precaution to confront such type of infections. Most of the countries have taken protective measures by the nationwide lockdown. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM10), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3) and Aerosol concentr

Genetically Established Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy from India: Narrating the Diagnostic "Odyssey" and a Mini Review.

CONTEXT: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is often misdiagnosed as other neuropathic illnesses. AIM: To highlight the diagnostic "odyssey" in three families of Indian origin with FAP. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional, hospital-based study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Clinical, radiological, and histological features as well as causes for delayed diagnosis were analyzed in genetically confirmed patients with FAP. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive. RESULTS: Age at evaluation ranged from 24 to 42 years and symptom duration from 1 to 10 years. Referral diagnoses included: (i) in patien…