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Nutritional Characteristics of Menus in State Prisons.

Nutrition-related health disparities plague prisons in the United States. Unregulated and inadequate prison menus may contribute to noncommu … of Dietary Guidelines for Americans are inconsistent. Nutrition guidelines recommending appropriate nutrients and food groups should be developed and available to corrections systems and dietitians. Current prison menu development practices yield inappropriate nutrition for prison populations.

The Metabolism of Susceptibility: Clearing the FoG Between Tolerance and Resistance in Candida albicans.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Failure of antifungal treatment is alarmingly common in patients infected with Candida albicans isolates that test as sus … the clinic may improve patient outcomes. Studies that analyze the effects of essential but limited nutrients have the potential to improve the avoidance of persistent candidiasis and to reduce the frequency of antifungal treatment failures. Here, we highlight literature that explores the effect of drug exposure and antifungal drug resistance status on the …

L-Citrulline: A novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat-exposed chickens.

With global warming becoming of increasing concern, poultry farms are experiencing a concomitant increase in heat stress. Chickens are very sensitive to high ambient temperature (HT), so the development of novel nutrients that will help deal with the challenge posed by heat stress is vital. We revealed that L-citrulline (L-Cit) can reduce body temperature in chickens. Orally administered L-Cit solution has been found to provide heat tolerance in chickens and to result in reduced food intake. Heat exposure and oral administration of L-Cit led to increased levels of plasma insulin, whereas heat …

Micronutrient Status in Adult Crohn's Disease during Clinical Remission: A Systematic Review.

Adults with Crohn's disease (CD) may be at risk of micronutrient insufficiency in clinical remission through restrictive eating, malabsorpti … udies met the inclusion criteria; 12 were rated as low quality, leaving 30 studies covering 21 micronutrients of medium/high quality that were included in the synthesis. Vitamins D and B12 were the most frequently reported nutrients (8 and 11); there were few eligible studies for the remaining micronutrients. The prevalence studies were consistent in report …

Zearalenone Promotes Uterine Development of Weaned Gilts by Interfering with Serum Hormones and Up-Regulating Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors.

In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of diet ZEA on serum hormones, the location and expression of estrogen receptor ERα/β and progesterone receptor (PR) of the uterus in weaned piglets and to reveal the mechanism underneath. A total of 40 healthy weaned gilts were randomly allocated to basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.5 (ZEA0.5), 1.0 (ZEA1.0) and 1.5 (ZEA1.5) mg ZEA/kg and fed individually for 35 days. Meanwhile, the porcine endometrial epithelial cells (PECs) were incubated for 24 h with ZEA at 0 (Control), 5 (ZEA5), 20 (ZEA20) and 80 (ZEA80) μmol/L, respectively. The resu

Validation of a Smartphone Application for the Assessment of Dietary Compliance in an Intermittent Fasting Trial.

Accurate dietary analysis of energy, nutrient intake, and meal timing in human studies using traditional dietary assessment methods (e.g., f … etween the methods was found for energy and macronutrient intakes, while the FDDB data on most micronutrients and saturated/unsaturated fat intake were unreliable. In contrast to PRODI®, FDDB provided effective assessment of timely compliance, making it a promising tool for chrononutritional studies. Thus, the FDDB app is comparable to the traditional PRODI …

Succession of the wheat seed-associated microbiome as affected by soil fertility level and introduction of Penicillium and Bacillus inoculants in the field.

During germination, the seed releases nutrient-rich exudates into the spermosphere, thereby fostering competition between resident microorga … esults indicate that community temporal dynamics are partly driven by changed availability of major nutrients, and reveal no functional consequences of the added inoculants during seed germination.

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Osteoarthritis Symptoms.

Conflicting evidence exists concerning the effects of nutrient intake in osteoarthritis (OA). A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to November 2021 to assess the effects of nutrients on pain, stiffness, function, quality of life, and inflammation markers. We obtained 52 references including 50 on knee OA. Twelve studies compared 724 curcumin patients and 714 controls. Using the standardized mean difference, improvement was significant with regard to pain and function in the curcumin group compared to placebo, but not with…

Higher Intake of Fat, Vitamin E-(β+γ), Magnesium, Sodium, and Copper Increases the Susceptibility to Prostatitis-like Symptoms: Evidence from a Chinese Adult Cohort.

Background: Prostatitis-like symptoms (PLS) lead to severe discomfort in males in their daily lives. Diet has been established as affecting PLS in our prior study, but the effect of nutrients, particularly for micronutrients remains largely unclear. Methods: This study enrolled 1284 participants from August 2020 to March 2021. The National Institute of Health−Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index was used to assess PLS. The diet composition was evaluated by the Chinese Food Composition Tables. Results: Participants were separated into PLS (n = 216), control (n = 432), and noninflammatory-abnormal …

Influence of Enzyme Supplementation in the Diets of Broiler Chickens Formulated with Different Corn Hybrids Dried at Various Temperatures.

We evaluated the influence of enzymatic supplementation on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers. A total of 2160 1-day-ol … n the diet showed better weight gain from 1 to 21 days (d) and better digestibility coefficients of nutrients at 42 d. Birds fed diets with corn dried at 80 °C showed a better feed conversion ratio from 1 to 42 d. At 21 d of age, enzymatic supplementation had positive effects on jejunum morphology. Enzyme supplementation increased the abundance of the phylu …

A Gut-Centric Model of Metabolic Homeostasis.

Modern changes in diet and lifestyle have led to an explosion of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases around the globe which, if left unchecked, will become a principal driver of morbidity and mortality in the 21st century. The nature of the metabolic homeostatic shift within the body has therefore become a topic of considerable interest. While the gut has long been recognized as an acute nutrient sensor with signaling mechanisms to the other metabolic organs of the body, its role in regulating the body's metabolic status over longer periods of time has been underappreciated. Recent insig

Nutritional Factors That Affect the Formation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, a Key Intermediate of Heme Biosynthesis.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key intermediate of heme biosynthesis, which is an essential component of the respiratory chain. Therefore, nutrients that affect ALA biosynthesis eventually affect ATP production, which is the basis of mitochondrial function. Although the effects of various non-nutrient components that affect ALA after biosynthesis have been reported, there are few reports on the effects of dietary amino acids/protein on ALA formation and the effects of dietary vitamins that are involved in amino acid metabolism. In mitochondria, ALA is synthesized from succinyl-CoA and glycin…

High Carbohydrate Diet Is Associated with Severe Clinical Indicators, but Not with Nutrition Knowledge Score in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Although the survival rate of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma has doubled over the last few decades, due to the introduction of new therapeutic lines and improvement of care, other potential contributors to the therapeutic response/relapse of disease, such as nutrient intake, along with nutrition knowledge, have not been assessed during the course of the disease. The purpose of this research was to assess nutrition knowledge and diet quality in a group of patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Anthropometric, clinical and biological assessments and skeletal survey evaluations,

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… By tertiles of energy, the energy-adjusted intake of nutrients did not reach statistical significance, meaning that the increase in energy is not due to a particular macronutrient source of energy. … Fruit and Vegetable Knowledge and Intake within an Australian Population: The AusDiab Study Nutrients 2020 12 3628 10.3390/nu12123628 33255798 PMC7759833 24. McKinnon L. Giskes K. Turrell G. …

Activating transcription factor 4 mediates adaptation of human glioblastoma cells to hypoxia and temozolomide.

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a central cellular adaptive program that is activated by diverse stressors including ER stress, hypoxia and nutrient deprivation to orchestrate responses via activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). We hypothesized that ATF4 is essential for the adaptation of human glioblastoma (GB) cells to the conditions of the tumor microenvironment and is contributing to therapy resistance against chemotherapy. ATF4 induction in GB cells was modulated pharmacologically and genetically and investigated in the context of temozolomide treatment as well as glucose and o

Comparing the Fasting and Random-Fed Metabolome Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Children and Adolescents: Implications of Sex, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance.

As the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is occurring at a younger age, studying adolescent nutrient metabolism can provide insights on the development of T2D. Metabolic challenges, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can assess the effects of perturbations in nutrient metabolism. Here, we present alterations in the global metabolome in response to an OGTT, classifying the influence of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in adolescents that arrived at the clinic fasted and in a random-fed state. Participants were recruited as lean (n = 55, aged 8-17 years, BMI percenti

Alcohol-associated liver disease: A review on its pathophysiology, diagnosis and drug therapy.

One of the global burdens of health care is an alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and liver-related death which is caused due to acute or chronic consumption of alcohol. Chronic consumption of alcohol damage the normal defense mechanism of the liver and likely to disturb the gut barrier system, mucosal immune cells, which leads to decreased nutrient absorption. Therapy of ALD depends upon the spectrum of liver injury that causes fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. The foundation of therapy starts with abstinence from alcohol. Corticosteroids are used for the treatment of ALD but due to

Proteobacteria Overgrowth and Butyrate-Producing Taxa Depletion in the Gut Microbiota of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1 Patients.

A life-long dietary intervention can affect the substrates' availability for gut fermentation in metabolic diseases such as the glycogen-storage diseases (GSD). Besides drug consumption, the main treatment of types GSD-Ia and Ib to prevent metabolic complications is a specific diet with definite nutrient intakes. In order to evaluate how deeply this dietary treatment affects gut bacteria, we compared the gut microbiota of nine GSD-I subjects and 12 healthy controls (HC) through 16S rRNA gene sequencing; we assessed their dietary intake and nutrients, their microbial short chain fatty acids (SC…

Soil chemical markers distinguishing human and pig decomposition islands: a preliminary study.

The decomposition of vertebrate cadavers on the soil surface produces nutrient-rich fluids that enter the soil profile, leaving clear eviden … limited lateral spread beyond 30 cm. These patterns lasted up to 700 days, indicating that key soil nutrients might be useful markers of the location of the decomposition island for up to 2 years. Soil phosphorus was always higher under pigs than humans, suggesting a possible difference in the decomposition and soil processes under these two cadaver types. …

Chemical constituents of Callistemon citrinus from Egypt and their antiausterity activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line.

Human pancreatic cancer is resistant to almost all conventional chemotherapeutic agents. It is known to proliferate aggressively within hypovascular tumor microenvironment by exhibiting remarkable tolerance to nutrition starvation,  a phenomenon termed as "austerity". Search for the new agents that eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrition starvation is a promising strategy in anticancer drug discovery. In this study, two new meroterpenoids named callistrilones O and P (1 and 2) together with eight known triterpenes (3-10) were isolated from the active dichloromethane extract of Cal

Links between S-adenosylmethionine and Agr-based quorum sensing for biofilm development in Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e.

Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of human listeriosis which has high hospitalization and mortality rates for individuals with weakened immune systems. The survival and dissemination of L. monocytogenes in adverse environments can be reinforced by the formation of biofilms. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying listerial biofilm development. Given that both nutrient availability and quorum sensing (QS) have been known as the factors influencing biofilm development, we hypothesized that the signal from a sentinel metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) an