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Internal ribosome entry site-based attenuation of a flavivirus candidate vaccine and evaluation of the effect of beta interferon coexpression on vaccine properties.

Infectious clone technologies allow the rational design of live attenuated viral vaccines with the possibility of vaccine-driven coexpressio … TANCE The family Flaviviridae includes a number of important human pathogens, such as Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and Hepatitis C virus. Flaviviruses infect large numbers of individuals on all continents. For example, as many as 100 million people are infected annually with Dengue virus, and 150 million peopl …

Selective and irreversible inhibitors of mosquito acetylcholinesterases for controlling malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases.

New insecticides are urgently needed because resistance to current insecticides allows resurgence of disease-transmitting mosquitoes while c … bited 95% of the AChE activity extracted from An. gambiae s. str. and >80% of the activity from the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti L.) or the northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens L.) that is a vector of St. Louis encephalitis. This type of inhibition is fast ( approximately 30 min) and due to conjugation of the inhibitor to the active-site Cys of mosqu …

Orthoflavivirus circulation in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from an Atlantic Forest remnant and adjacent urban areas, in São Paulo, Brazil.

Orthoflaviviruses cause large epidemics in Brazil, such as those caused by dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Since they are transmitted by mosquitoes, entomo-virological surveillance is recommended in many areas of the country. In addition to medically important orthoflaviviruses, insect-specific viruses (ISVs), which replicate only in insect cell lines, have been detected in mosquitoes collected in this country. Parque Ecológico do Tietê (PET) is an Atlantic forest remnant located within a large urban area in the city of São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Since P…

Epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of severe malaria in Eastern Uganda: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria remains a public health problem despite some reports of declining incidence in the period 2000-2018. Since 2019, there have been some reports of disease epidemics and resurgences in areas that had registered steep declines and unusual clinical presentations. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of severe malaria in children among malaria-endemic Eastern Uganda, a region that has recently experienced disease epidemics. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda, f

Biting Hour and Host Seeking Behavior of Aedes Species in Urban Settings, Metema District, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Aedes species transmit arboviral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. The diseases cause severe sickness, mortality, and economic losses. This study describes the biting hour and host-seeking behavior of Ae. aegypti and Ae. vittatus in three towns. Recently, chikungunya and dengue infections were reported in the study sites. METHODS: Biting hour and host-seeking behaviors of Ae. aegypti and Ae. vittatus were studied from June to September 2023, in Genda-Wuha, Kokit, and Metema-Yohannes towns, Metema district, Northwest Ethiopia. CDC-LT traps were set runn…

Assessment of vector control strategies based on mass Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquito trapping (AGOs traps) pilot study in a US-Mexico border region of South Texas.

BACKGROUND: Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus mosquitoes are major vectors of diseases including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. The excessive use of chemical insecticides has caused resistance in mosquito populations, along with negative environmental impacts and harm to non-target organisms. In this regard, mosquito control strategies, such as passive mass trapping interventions with autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO) offer a promising alternative. Here we report the results of a pilot study evaluating a passive mass trapping treatment using AGOs against Ae. …

The genomic diversity of arthropod-specific viruses reinforces the continental distribution pattern of Aedes aegypti.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arboviruses worldwide, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. It is believed to have originated in Africa and migrated to the Americas during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, subsequently spreading to Asia and Oceania between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These mosquitoes harbor insect-specific viruses (ISVs), which represent the majority of their core virome. Phasivirus phasiense (PCLV), cell-fusing agent virus (CFAV), and Aedes anphevirus (AeAV) stand out for their global distribution in vectors. Within this…

Прогнозы в отношении эдесов и комаров-кулексов в Северной и Южной Америке в ответ на изменение климата.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Изменение климата и землепользования может привести к расширению, смене или сокращению географического диапазона комаров, что в конечном счете приведет к изменению того, какие общины рискуют заразиться болезнями, передаваемыми через комары. По всей Северной и Южной Америке комары из Эдеса и Кулекской гены являются переносчиками многочисленных заболеваний, включая чикунгунью, денге, различные энцефалитные вирусы энцефалита, вирус энцефалита Сент-Луиса, вирус Западного Нила, вирус желтой лихорадки и вирус Зика. Цель нашего исследования состояла в том, чтобы спрогнозировать географическ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Climate and land use change may cause the geographical range of mosquitoes to expand, shift, or contract, ultimately changing … unya, dengue, various equine encephalitis viruses, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus. The goal of our study was to project the geographical distributions of important mosquito vectors across North and South America in response to climate change, which is important to inform public health planning. METHODS: We …

Does severe hypoxia during irradiation of Aedes aegypti pupae improve sterile male performance?

BACKGROUND: The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, vectors several pathogens responsible for human diseases. As a result, this mosquito species is a priority for control by mosquito control districts in Florida. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option that is being explored as a practical area-wide control method. However, questions about sterile male performance persist. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which hypoxia exp…

Surveillance of Aedes aegypti populations in the city of Praia, Cape Verde: Zika virus infection, insecticide resistance and genetic diversity.

BACKGROUND: Aedes spp. are responsible for the transmission of many arboviruses, which contribute to rising human morbidity and mortality worldwide. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a main vector for chikungunya, dengue and yellow fever infections, whose incidence have been increasing and distribution expanding. This vector has also driven the emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV), first reported in Africa which spread rapidly to Asia and more recently across the Americas. During the outbreak in the Americas, Cape Verde became the first African country declaring a Zika epidemic, with confirmed cases…

Comparison of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, H7N9 and H1N1.

BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need to better understand the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This paper was to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases such as avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) and influenza A (H1N1) virus infections. METHODS: We included patients who had been hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed infection by SARS-CoV-2 (n = 83), H7N9 (n = 36), H1N1 (n = 44) viruses. Clinical presentation,

Knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations within seventeen field populations of Aedes albopictus from Beijing China: first report of a novel V1016G mutation and evolutionary origins of kdr haplotypes.

BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. In the absence of anti-viral medication and with limited availability of a commercial vaccine for public health use, vector control remains an effective means for reducing Aedes-borne disease morbidity. Knowledge about genetic mutations associated with insecticide resistance (IR) is a prerequisite for developing rapid resistance diagnosis, and the distribution and frequency of IR conferring mutations is important information for making smart vector control decisions. METHODS: Par…

Murine Efficacy and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of the Flaviviral NS5 Capping Enzyme 2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-One Inhibitor BG-323.

Arthropod-borne flavivirus infection continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of drug targets and no … ty, displays antiviral effects in dengue virus replicon assays and inhibits growth of West Nile and yellow fever viruses with low cytotoxicity in vitro. In this study we further characterized BG-323's antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. We found that BG-323 was able to reduce replication of WNV (NY99) and Powassan viruses in culture, and we were unable to …

Larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern Senegal.

BACKGROUND: Although adult mosquito vectors of sylvatic arbovirus [yellow fever (YFV), dengue-2 (DENV-2) and chikungunya (CHIKV)] have been studied for the past 40 years in southeastern Senegal, data are still lacking on the ecology of larval mosquitoes in this area. In this study, we investigated the larval habitats of mosquitoes and characterized their seasonal and spatial dynamics in arbovirus foci. METHODS: We searched for wet microhabitats, classified in 9 categories, in five land cover classes (agriculture, forest, savannah, barren and village) from June, 2010 to January, 2011. Mosquito…

EPI vaccines-induced antibody prevalence in 8-9 year-olds in The Gambia.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated antibody prevalence to measles, polio 1 and 3, and tetanus toxoid antibodies in 8-9 year-old children in The Gambia … ave received BCG, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DPT), poliovirus vaccine (OPV), measles and yellow fever immunization. The measles haemoagglutination inhibition test (HAI) was used to detect measles antibody. Antibodies to polioviruses 1 and 3 were tested using the standard polio neutralization assay described in the EPI manual (WHO 1990). An enzyme-li …

Pyrethroids and organophosphate resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and their underlying mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: For decades, insecticides have been central to controlling the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), but extensive use has driven resistance development. This study investigates resistance of Ae. aegypti to pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin) and organophosphates (malathion, pirimiphos-methyl) and their underlying mechanisms across Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the USA. METHODS: Adult female Ae. aegypti (3-5 days old, non-blood-fed) were subjected to World Health Organization (WHO) tube bioassays using 0.4% permethrin, 0.03% deltamethrin, 5% malathion, and 60 mg/m2 pi…

Diurnal fluctuating temperature and larval resource level interact to influence the life history and behaviour of disease-transmitting mosquitoes.

BACKGROUND: The global rise in temperature has seen a geographical range increase in mosquito populations and disease transmission. Temperat … fluctuating temperature and resource level during larval development on life history traits of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and three malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis was conducted. Moreover, carry-over effects on teneral adults including, metabolic reserves and propensity to feed were evaluated on …

Thin bronchoscope-parallel, endotracheal tube-guided stent deployment for cervical tracheoesophageal fistula after anti-cancer therapy: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (mTEF) is a life-threatening complication of esophageal and lung cancers, often presenting significant management challenges, especially in post-radiotherapy patients with anatomical airway distortion. This case report describes a feasible modified approach for closing a cervical mTEF with anatomical airway distortion that precludes laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement or rigid bronchoscopy. This approach utilizes thin bronchoscope-parallel, endotracheal tube (ETT)-guided stent deployment, without the need for fluoroscopy. CASE PRESENTATION: A

Cordyceps and Beauveria infections drive species-specific microbiome dysbiosis in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

With the rising prevalence of vector-borne diseases and insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, alternative vector control strategies are urge … veria bassiana, Cordyceps javanica, C. cateniannulata, and C. amoenerosea) on the microbiome of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) colonized with a defined, field-derived bacterial community. Whole-body bacterial communities were profiled using high throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and community structure was assessed through alpha diversity met …

[Interpretation of connotation of Simiao Yong'an Decoction based on severe cases and modern pathophysiological mechanisms and experience in treating diabetic foot with infection, sepsis, and arteriosclerosis obliterans in critical care medicine].

Simiao Yong'an Decoction is derived from the New Compilation of Proved Prescriptions(Yan Fang Xin Bian). This formula has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying as well as activating blood and relieving pain. It is mainly used to treat gangrene caused by excessive heat toxin and with the clinical manifestations including dark red and slightly swollen limbs, scorching skin, ulceration and odor, severe pain, occasional fever, thirst, red tongue, and rapid pulse. Nowadays, Simiao Yong'an Decoction is mostly used in the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans, ulcers in arteriosclerosis oblit