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MUSE and PROPELLER DWI for ADC in parasagittal dura: insights from high-resolution and reduced-distortion DWI.

The parasagittal dura (PSD) is a thin channel along the sagittal sinus vein at the brain's upper convexities. Previous studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows directly into the PSD, with PSD dimensions and tracer clearance rates associated with aging and brain disorders. Since slow lymphatic drainage is sensitive to water diffusion, PSD circulation may be evaluated using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). However, traditional echo-planar DWI (EP-DWI) suffers from low resolution and image distortion, limiting its application to PSD assessment. This study employed high-resolution

Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor in Schizophrenia a Systematic Review.

The etiology of schizophrenia remains poorly understood. Although certain risk factors have been identified, effective preventive measures a … ults reported mean vitamin D concentrations of below 20 ng/mL which were negatively correlated with gray matter volume and bone health while positively correlated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, vitamin D levels were also found to correlate with antipsychotic drug concentrations.

MULTI-OBJECT DATA INTEGRATION IN THE STUDY OF PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA.

This article focuses on a multi-modal imaging data application where structural/anatomical information from gray matter (GM) and brain connectivity information in the form of a brain connectome network from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are available for a number of subjects with different degrees of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a neurodegenerative disorder (ND) measured through a speech rate measure on motor speech loss. The clinical/scientific goal in this study becomes the identification of brain regions of interest significantly related to the speech rate measure to ga…

A comprehensive and reliable protocol for manual segmentation of the human claustrum using high-resolution MRI.

The claustrum is a thin gray matter structure in each brain hemisphere, characterized by exceptionally high connectivity with nearly all brain regions. Despite extensive animal studies on its anatomy and function and growing evidence of claustral deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders, its specific roles in normal and abnormal human brain function remain largely unknown. This is primarily due to its thin and complex morphology, which limits accurate anatomical delineation and neural activity isolation in conventional in vivo neuroimaging. To facilitate future neuroimaging studies, we developed…

Quantitative synthetic MRI reveals grey matter abnormalities in patients with spinal muscular atrophy types 2 and 3.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is not limited to lower motor neurons. This cross-sectional study aimed to quantitatively investigate the gray matter (GM) alterations in patients with SMA types 2 and 3. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. T1 and T2 maps that were extracted from synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) were compared between patients with SMA and healthy controls (HC). Between-group comparisons were made between SMA type 2 and type 3. The association between brain regions with significantly altered T1 and T2 values and clinica…

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage: illustrative cases.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is rare. The most common mechanism of injury is road traffic accidents. In this case series, the authors discuss the clinical course of 5 patients with TBGH with different outcomes. OBSERVATIONS: The internal capsule is the most commonly involved site, which was noted in 3 of the 5 cases reported here. The size of the TBGHs ranged from 1.02 cm to 2.61 cm. All patients had at least 1 additional site of bleeding. One patient had zygomatic, maxillary, and mandibular fractures, while another patient had a mandibular fracture. Two of the 5 pati

Molecular and imaging biomarker responses to brain mutant HTT lowering in a mouse model of Huntington disease.

Therapies targeting mutant huntingtin (mHTT) reduction in the brain hold promise as disease-modifying treatments for Huntington disease (HD), necessitating biomarkers that accurately reflect treatment response. We evaluated candidate molecular and imaging biomarkers after mHTT reduction in YAC128 HD mice, with equal numbers of males and females per group. At 6 months of age, YAC128 mice received unilateral intracerebroventricular injections of saline or mHTT-lowering antisense oligonucleotide (HTT ASO). Plasma neurofilament light chain (NEFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were mea

Представь себе церебральный железо как новый знак старения мозга, нейродегенерации и цереброваскулярных заболеваний.

Железо имеет решающее значение для развития мозга, метаболизма и функционирования; однако дисрегулируемое воздействие железа способствует неврологическим заболеваниям. Многие методы нейроимации позволили обнаружить чувствительность железа, а количественное картирование чувствительности (QSM) предлагает чувствительный метод магнитного резонанса (MRI) для количественной оценки железа мозга. Для разъяснения функциональной роли церебрального железа и разъяснения полезности КШМ для создания железа в качестве потенциального биомаркера в настоящем обзоре синтезируется клеточное и региональное поведен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Iron is critical for brain development, metabolism, and function; however, dysregulated iron disposition contributes to neurological disease … sel disease (CSVD) as cerebrovascular manifestation. Distinct patterns of iron distribution in deep gray matter and selective cortical regions are associated with motor and cognitive impairment, while the interaction between iron, vascular integrity, and glial function further stresses its pathological relevance. QSM of iron may, thereby, serve as a marker to …

Церебральное накопление железа при множественном склерозе: патофизиология и терапевтические последствия.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное расстройство центральной нервной системы, характеризующееся обезвоживанием, нейроинфламмацией и нейродегенерацией. В недавних исследованиях подчеркивается роль накопления церебрального железа (Fe) в усилении патофизиологии MS. Фе, необходимый для нейронной функции, способствует окислению и воспалению при дисрегулировании, особенно в серой материи мозга и демиелинированных повреждениях. Усовершенствованные методы съемки, включая картирование с учетом степени уязвимости и количественной восприимчивости, выявили аномальные модели осаждения Fe

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, an … on, contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation when dysregulated, particularly in the brain's gray matter and demyelinated lesions. Advanced imaging techniques, including susceptibility-weighted and quantitative susceptibility mapping, have revealed abnormal Fe deposition patterns in MS patients, suggesting its involvement in disease progression. Iron's …

Independent associations of sleep and physical activity with cognition are mediated by hippocampal microstructure in middle-aged and older adults.

Sleep and physical activity levels are both associated with cognitive performance among older adults; however, the brain mechanisms underlying these beneficial relationships remain poorly understood. This study investigated cross-sectional associations of actigraphic estimates of physical activity and sleep with cognition and diffusion imaging-based measures of medial temporal lobe (MTL) gray matter microstructural integrity in adults free of dementia. Participants were 132 older adults from the Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals (BIOCARD) cohort study (119 cognitively un…

Topological properties analysis and identification of mild cognitive impairment based on individual morphological brain network connectome.

Mild cognitive impairment is considered the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease. Accurate diagnosis and the exploration of the pathologic … ns and nodal graph metrics, mainly located in the frontal, occipital, limbic lobes, and subcortical gray matter nuclei, corresponding to the default mode network. Topological properties analysis revealed that mild cognitive impairment patients exhibited compensatory changes in the frontal lobe, while abnormal cortical-subcortical circuits associated with cogn …

Prenatal Diagnosis of Proteus Syndrome: About a Case.

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare disorder (< 1/1000000), marked by progressive overgrowth commonly impacting the skeleton, skin, adipose tiss … initively diagnosed without molecular confirmation. Certain features, such as limb malformation and gray matter heterotopia, seem to be significant in prenatal diagnosis. WES, with an average coverage depth of 130X, is valuable for diagnosing suspected PS.

Novel Insights into Psychosis and Antipsychotic Interventions: From Managing Symptoms to Improving Outcomes.

For the past 70 years, the dopamine hypothesis has been the key working model in schizophrenia. This has contributed to the development of n … a. Early brain aging promotes secondary changes, including the impairment and loss of mitochondria, gray matter depletion, decreased gamma oscillations, and a compensatory metabolic shift to lactate and lactylation. The aim of this narrative review is twofold: (1) to summarize what is known about premature cellular/neuronal senescence in schizophrenia or schi …

Effects of family income on brain functional connectivity in US children: associations with cognition.

Higher family income (FI) is associated with larger cortical gray matter volume and improved cognitive performance in children. However, little is known about the effects of FI on brain functional and structural connectivity. This cross-sectional study investigates the effects of FI on brain connectivity and cognitive performance in 9- to 11-years old children (n = 8739) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Lower FI was associated with decreased global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in the default-mode network (DMN), inferior and superior parietal cortices and …

Tau positron emission tomography in patients with cognitive impairment and suspected Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed by the presence of both amyloid β and tau proteins. Recent advances in molecular PET imaging have made … cellations. The standardized uptake value ratio of the target area is measured using the cerebellar gray matter as a reference region. In the near future, the Centiloid scale of tau PET is expected to be used as a harmonized value for standardizing each analytical method or PET ligand used, similar to amyloid PET.

Learning to read may help promote attention by increasing the volume of the left middle frontal gyrus and enhancing its connectivity to the ventral attention network.

Attention and reading are essential skills for successful schooling and in adult life. While previous studies have documented that attention … more attention problems also significantly predicted worse reading performance. Both the increasing gray matter volume of the left middle frontal gyrus and the increasing connectivity between the left middle frontal gyrus and the ventral attention network mediated the above significant longitudinal predictions. This study, directly revealed that reading skill …

Structural and functional changes in drug-naïve benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and their associated gene expression profiles.

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a common pediatric epilepsy syndrome that has been widely reported to show abnormal br … aging spatial correlation analyses were applied to explore gene expression profiles associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and fALFF changes in BECTS. VBM analysis demonstrated significantly increased GMV in the right brainstem and right middle cingulate gyrus in BECTS. Moreover, children with BECTS exhibited significantly increased fALFF in left temporal p …

Associations among prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus, brain structure, and child adiposity markers.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of child brain structure in the relationship between prenatal gestati … ntire study sample, prenatal exposure to GDM was associated with lower global and regional cortical gray matter volume (GMV) in the bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. GDM-exposed siblings also demonstrated lower global cortical GMV than unexposed siblings. Global cortical GMV partially mediated the associations between prenata …

The role of the cerebellum in sequencing and predicting social and non-social events in patients with bipolar disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Advances in the operational mode of the cerebellum indicate a role in sequencing and predicting non-social and social events, … explicitly assesses sequential abilities in non-ToM functions. Additionally, patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared between BD patients and controls using voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS: Impaired ToM and sequential skills were detected in BD patients, specifically when tasks required a greater predictive load. Behavioral performa …

Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia, Major Depression, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Hippocampal Subregion Volumes in Middle Childhood.

Studies demonstrate that individuals with diagnoses for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Schizophrenia (SCZ) may exhibit smaller hippocampal gray matter relative to otherwise healthy controls, although the effect sizes vary in each disorder. Existing work suggests that hippocampal abnormalities in each disorder may be attributable to genetic liability and/or environmental variables. The following study uses baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development[Formula: see text] Study (ABCD Study[Formula: see text]) to address three open q…