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Hematology and Immune-Related Disorders

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34th Европейский конгресс патологии - резюме.

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The 45th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Physicians - Oral Session.

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Childhood Cancer: Occurrence, Treatment and Risk of Second Primary Malignancies.

Cancer represents the leading cause of disease-related death and treatment-associated morbidity in children with an increasing trend in recent decades worldwide. Nevertheless, the 5-year survival of childhood cancer patients has been raised impressively to more than 80% during the past decades, primarily attributed to improved diagnostic technologies and multiagent cytotoxic regimens. This strong benefit of more efficient tumor control and prolonged survival is compromised by an increased risk of adverse and fatal late sequelae. Long-term survivors of pediatric tumors are at the utmost risk fo

Acute kidney injury: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical condition that is associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, as well as the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathogenesis of AKI is highly complex and heterogeneous, primarily attributed to metabolic disturbances arising from the disease itself and the administration of medications related to treatment. In recent years, AKI in cancer patients is highly concerned. The emergence of AKI caused injuries and dysfunction of remote organs but also enhanced the health-care costs. It's essential for early recognition of A

Artificial Intelligence for Risk Stratification in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review of Classification Models and Predictive Performances.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy, with various outcomes despite significant advances in therapeutic options. Current conventional prognostic tools, e.g., the International Prognostic Index (IPI), lack sufficient precision at an individual patient level. However, artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), can enable specialists to navigate complex datasets, with the final aim of improving prognostic models for DLBCL. Objectives: This scoping review aims to systematically map the current litera

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… PET-CT Imaging The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging test revolutionized the assessment of the disease burden and control for patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, including the subset suffering from DLBCL. …

The changing landscape of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (MM): fundamentals and controversies.

The increase in the number of therapeutic alternatives for both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients has widened the clinical scenario, leading to a level of complexity that no algorithm has been able to cover up to date. At present, this complexity increases due to the wide variety of clinical situations found in MM patients before they reach the status of relapsed/refractory disease. These different backgrounds may include primary refractoriness, early relapse after completion of first-line therapy with latest-generation agents, or very late relapse after

Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values.

Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific database

Tumor Cell Survival Factors and Angiogenesis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: How Hot Is the Link?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD5+/CD19+ B lymphocytes in the blood. These cells migrate to and proliferate in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Despite the development of new therapies for CLL, drug resistance and disease relapse still occur; novel treatment approaches are therefore still needed. Inhibition of the angiogenesis involved in the progression of CLL might be a relevant therapeutic strategy. The literature data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are pro-angiogen

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… Plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in lymphoproliferative disorders Acta Medica 2005 48 57 58 10.14712/18059694.2018.32 16080387 110. Smolej L. Andrýs C. Krejsek J. Belada D.Z. Zák P. Siroký O. Malý J. …

Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies.

Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to po

ICAR 2011. Italian Conference on AIDS and Retroviruses, Florence, Italy, 27-29 March 2011. Abstracts.

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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, the RANKL/OPG Axis, and the Immunoskeletal Interface in Physiological Bone Turnover and Osteoporosis.

Although it has long been recognized that inflammation, a consequence of immune-driven processes, significantly impacts bone turnover, the degree of centralization of skeletal and immune functions has begun to be dissected only recently. It is now recognized that formation of osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells of the body, is centered on the key osteoclastogenic cytokine, receptor activator of NF- κ B ligand (RANKL). Although numerous inflammatory cytokines are now recognized to promote osteoclast formation and skeletal degradation, with just a few exceptions, RANKL is now considered to be

Evolving Paradigms in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: From Global Immunosuppression to Precision Targeted and Cell-Based Therapies.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a well-established treatment for a range of medical conditions. However, the procedure carries with it a significant risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which can have a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life and clinical outcomes. In recent years, there has been a marked shift in treatment strategies for this condition, with greater emphasis being placed on novel targeted therapies and cell therapies that target specific pathways. This shift in approach signifies a more profound comprehension of the pa

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… The predominant malignancies associated with azathioprine include squamous cell carcinoma (particularly of the oral cavity and skin), esophageal cancer, and lymphoproliferative disorders [ 77 ]. …

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.

Liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), globally ranks sixth in incidence and third in cancer-related deaths. HCC risk factors include non-viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, environmental exposures, and genetic factors. No specific genetic alterations are unequivocally linked to HCC tumorigenesis. Current standard therapies include surgical options, systemic chemotherapy, and kinase inhibitors, like sorafenib and regorafenib. Immunotherapy, targeting immune checkpoints, represents a promising avenue. FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors, such as atezolizumab and pembrolizumab, s

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response.

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatm

2020 ACVIM Forum On Demand Research Abstract Program.

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NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications.

NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other importa

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… Deletion of Stk4 in mouse Treg cells inhibits p65 expression, p65-Foxp3 complex formation, and Treg cell activation, ultimately leading to autoimmune lymphoproliferative disorders. 190 The IKK complex protects mature T cells from TNF-induced cell death and is important for their normal homeostasis and …

Ход работы сессии 25th Европейский конгресс педиатрической ремуматологии (ПСР) 2018) Лиссабон, Португалия. 5-8 сентябрь 2018

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Резюме ЭСП 2013.

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Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential.

Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short. Telomere shortening can be overcome by telomerase enzyme activity that is undetectable in somatic cells, while being active in germline cells, stem cells, and immune cells. Telomeres are bound by a shelterin complex that regulates telomere lengthening as well as protects t