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Intrauterine exosomes are required for bovine conceptus implantation.

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles, are present in uterine flushing fluids (UFs), which are involved in conceptus-endometrial interactions dur … s were subjected to global protein analysis. The analysis detected 596 exosomal proteins, including ruminants' pregnancy recognition factor IFNT, and 172 differentially expressed proteins with more than 1.5-fold changes in UFs on days 17, 20 and 22 pregnancy (day of conceptus implantation is initiated on days 19-19.5). Treatment of primary bovine endometria …

Neospora caninum bioassay in gerbils using placental tissues from naturally infected goats.

Neospora caninum is one of the main agents that causes abortions in cattle worldwide. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of neosporosis in small ruminants, especially goats. Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) have been used as a model for neosporosis, and this species is highly susceptible to infection by bovine N. caninum strains. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of gerbils to a N. caninum isolate from goats. The placentas were obtained from naturally infected goats, that presented with mild to severe lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic infiltrate, foci of necros…

Coxiella burnetii immunogenic proteins as a basis for new Q fever diagnostic and vaccine development.

Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of the zoonosis Q fever, which can cause an acute or a chronic, life-threatening disease in humans. It presents a highly stable cell form, which persists in the environment and is transmitted via contaminated aerosols. Ruminants are considered as the main reservoir for human infections but are usually asymptomatic. Subclinical infection in these animals and the occurrence of serologically negative shedders hamper the identification of infected animals with the currently used diagnostic techniques. This suboptimal sensitivity limits reliable identifica…

Understanding Q Fever Risk to Humans in Minnesota Through the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Trends.

Q fever is a widely distributed, yet, neglected zoonotic disease, for which domestic ruminants are considered the main reservoirs in some countries. There are still many gaps in our knowledge of its epidemiology, and the source of sporadic cases is often not determined. In this study, we show how Q fever surveillance data in combination with information routinely collected by government agencies in Minnesota during 1997 to 2015 can be used to characterize patterns of occurrence of Q fever illnesses and detect variables potentially associated with increased human illness. Cluster analysis and B…

Seroprevalence of horses to Coxiella burnetii in an Q fever endemic area.

Coxiella burnetii can infect many animal species, but its circulation dynamics in and through horses is still unclear. This study evaluated horse exposure in an area known to be endemic for ruminants and humans. We assessed antibody prevalence in horse serum by ELISA, and screened by qPCR horse blood, ticks found on horses and dust from stables. Horse seroprevalence was 4% (n = 335, 37 stables) in 2015 and 12% (n = 294, 39 stables) in 2016. Of 199 horses sampled both years, 13 seroconverted, eight remained seropositive, and one seroreverted. Seropositive horses were located close to reported h…

Prevalance, Morphology, and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis heydorni Sarcocysts from Cattle (Bos Taurus) in China.

Cattle are intermediate hosts for 2 zoonotic species of Sarcocystis, Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis heydorni. Here we report S. heydorn … 1 gene) indicated S. heydorni shared the closest affinity with species of Sarcocystis, which employ ruminants as intermediate hosts and canids as definitive hosts.

Molecular characterization and detection of variants of Taenia multiceps in sheep in Turkey.

Taenia multiceps is a cestode (family Taeniidae) that in its adult stage lives in the small intestine of dogs and other canids. The metacestode, known as Coenurus cerebralis, is usually found in the central nervous system including brain and spinal card in sheep and other ruminants. The presence of cysts typically leads to neurological symptoms that in the majority of cases result in the death of the animal. Coenurosis could cause high losses in sheep farms because the disease commonly affects young animals. A total of 20 C. cerebralis isolates collected from naturally infected sheep in Mardin…

Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from goats and sheep indicating G7 genotype in goats in the Northeast of Iran.

Although cystic echinococcosis (CE) has been a human public health problem in the Northeast of Iran, molecular data regarding the genotypes … p (n=50) and most of samples in goats (n=24) were G1 strain, the most prevalent strain in livestock ruminants of Iran. Furthermore, six parasites isolated from goats were found to correspond to E. intermedius (G7 genotype), here reported for the first time from Iran.

Temperature-sensitive mutations for live-attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccines: implications from other RNA viruses.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease endemic to the African continent. RVF is characterized by high rate of abortions in ruminants and hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or blindness in humans. RVF is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae). Vaccination is the only known effective strategy to prevent the disease, but there are no licensed RVF vaccines available for humans. A live-attenuated vaccine candidate derived from the wild-type pathogenic Egyptian ZH548 strain, MP-12, has been conditionally licensed for veterinary use in…

Detection of Brucella abortus DNA in aborted goats and sheep in Egypt by real-time PCR.

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a major zoonoses affects wide range of domesticated as well as wild animals. Despite the eradication program of b … ONCLUSION: This article will renew our knowledge about the Brucella agent causing abortion in small ruminants in Egypt. Information provided in this study is important for surveillance program, because eradication programs and vaccination strategies may have to be adapted accordingly.

Parasitic infections detected by FLOTAC in zoo mammals from Warsaw, Poland.

The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in groups of mammals kept in the Warsaw zoological garden (Pola … Entamoeba coli (3.3%) were found in primates. Gastrointestinal strongyles (60.5%) were prevalent in ruminants which resulted positive also to Coccidia (Eimeria spp. = 50.0%), Trichuris spp. (25.0%) and Nematodirus (14.0%). Strongyles (34.0%) were the most frequent parasites in monogastric herbivores, followed by Parascaris equorum (17.0%). None of the anima …

Practices to optimise gastrointestinal nematode control on sheep, goat and cattle farms in Europe using targeted (selective) treatments.

Due to the development of anthelmintic resistance, there have been calls for more sustainable nematode control practices. Two important conc … e an overview of recent studies that assess the use of TT/TST against gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and investigate the economic consequences, feasibility and knowledge gaps associated with TST. We conclude that TT/TST approaches are ready to be used and provide practical benefits today. However, a major shift in mentality will be required to make …

Subtyping Cryptosporidium ubiquitum,a zoonotic pathogen emerging in humans.

Cryptosporidium ubiquitum is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. In the past, it was not possible to identify an association between cases of human and animal infection. We conducted a genomic survey of the species, developed a subtyping tool targeting the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, and identified 6 subtype families (XIIa-XIIf) of C. ubiquitum. Host adaptation was apparent at the gp60 locus; subtype XIIa was found in ruminants worldwide, subtype families XIIb-XIId were found in rodents in the United States, and XIIe and XIIf were found in rodents in the Slovak Republic. Humans in the United S…

Impact of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of sheep, and the role of advanced molecular tools for exploring epidemiology and drug resistance - an Australian perspective.

Parasitic nematodes (roundworms) of small ruminants and other livestock have major economic impacts worldwide. Despite the impact of the diseases caused by these nematodes and the discovery of new therapeutic agents (anthelmintics), there has been relatively limited progress in the development of practical molecular tools to study the epidemiology of these nematodes. Specific diagnosis underpins parasite control, and the detection and monitoring of anthelmintic resistance in livestock parasites, presently a major concern around the world. The purpose of the present article is to provide a conc…

Deer as a potential wildlife reservoir for Parachlamydia species.

Wildlife populations represent an important reservoir for emerging pathogens and trans-boundary livestock diseases. However, detailed inform … to elucidate the zoonotic potential, pathogenicity, and distribution of Parachlamydia spp. in wild ruminants.

Detection of paratuberculosis in breeding bulls at pakistani semen production units: a continuous source of threat.

Paratuberculosis is a chronic bowel disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Its secretion through semen highlights the importance of paratuberculosis-free breeding bulls. The breeding and teaser bulls at three semen production units (SPUs) located in Punjab, Pakistan, were screened for the presence of antibodies against MAP. A total of 253 samples were collected from SPUs and a commercially available indirect screen ELISA (Is-ELISA) was applied. Is-ELISA detected antibodies in 20 (24.6%), 16 (22.8%), and 17 (16.6%) samples from SPU-I, SPU-II, and SPU-I…

Control of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal goat kids: efficacy of a product containing activated charcoal and wood vinegar liquid (Obionekk®) in field conditions.

Many compounds have been screened for their potential anti-cryptosporidial activity in ruminants but none of them has been totally efficient in controlling the disease. A product containing activated charcoal and wood vinegar liquid demonstrated a good efficacy in controlling clinical signs and oocyst excretion in calves experimentally infected. This product (Obionekk(®), Obione, Charentay, France) was given to goat kids in field conditions. The product was administered in a preventive way at the dose rate of 3.75 g/day/kid of Obionekk(®) from the age of 3 days to the age of 17 days in suspens…

Immunoenzymatic analysis and genetic detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in lambs from Italy.

Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide-diffused protozoan disease causing important economic losses to animal husbandry and livestock production. Additionally, several species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium have a relevant zoonotic potential and ruminants may be important sources of infection for human beings. Nonetheless, in Europe, little is known of the presence of Cryptosporidium in sheep nor on the species/genotypes involved. To obtain information on the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis in lambs and the potential zoonotic role of the Cryptosporidium isolates, one hundred and forty-nine faecal samp…

Natural trematode infestation in feral Nebrodi Black pigs: pathological investigations.

Few studies describe the parasites of pigs bred in the wild state, although pigs are a known reservoir of trematode infestation. This articl … area, and draw attention to the need for a prophylaxis plan to prevent the spread of infestation to ruminants and humans living in the area.

Атипичная скрипка Nor98: свойства агента, генетики и эпидемиологии.

В 1998 году в Норвегии впервые был диагностирован случай атипичных/Nor98 скульптурных заболеваний у овец. В настоящее время в большинстве европейских стран они обнаруживаются в небольших румынках и составляют все большую долю скрипочных заболеваний, диагностированных в Европе. Атипичные/Nor98 изолирующие скрипки показали, что они экспериментально трансмиссируются в трансгенные мыши и овец, однако свойства соответствующего агента TSE, как и его биологические и биохимические характеристики, настолько четко отличаются от агента, участвующего в классическом скрипте, что они обеспечивают сложную ди

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Atypical/Nor98 scrapie cases in sheep were diagnosed for the first time in Norway in 1998. They are now identified in small ruminants in most European countries and represent an increasingly large proportion of the scrapie cases diagnosed in Europe. Atypical/Nor98 scrapie isolates have shown to be experimentally transmissible into transgenic mice and sheep b…