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Impact of oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in oncology.

BackgroundSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the major circulating form of vitamin D and a standard indicator of vitamin D status. Emerging evidence in the literature suggests a high prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D (as defined by serum 25(OH)D levels of MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of 2198 cancer patients who had a baseline test prior to initiation of cancer therapy at our hospital to evaluate serum 25(OH)D levels between Jan 08 and Dec 09 as part of their initial nutritional evaluation. Patients with baseline levels of ResultsOf 2198 patients, 814 were males and 1

Pharmacological Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) with Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline and tocopherol therapy in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods: During this study, 43 patients participated, including 21 women and 22 men with a mean age of 66.8 years, who showed 63 areas of osteitis altogether. The diagnosis was made based on X-ray imaging and histopathological findings. All the subjects received pharmacological treatment with pentoxifylline 400 mg and tocopherol 400 IU. The study scheme consisted of initial observation and two follow-up examinations every 5-6 month

Глобальное бремя множественной миеломы1990-2021) и прогнозы на период 2035:: методический анализ с учетом глобального бремени болезней; 2021 исследование и менделианская случайность.

ЦЕЛЬ: Множественная миелома (ММ), являющаяся второй по частотности гематологической злокачественностью, подвергается всесторонней оценке с точки зрения ее глобального бремени заболеваний и факторов риска с использованием базы данных о глобальном бремени болезней (ГБЗ) и менделианского ронтомизации (МВ). МЕТОДЫ: В рамках этого исследования использовались данные GBD 2021 :: база данных для широкого изучения стандартизированных по возрасту показателей заболеваемости, смертности, а также лет жизни с поправкой на инвалидность (DALY) в увязке с MM. Мы провели оценку воздействия различных географичес

High prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities in advanced, intensively treated (transplanted) myeloma: The case for 'late effects' screening and preventive strategies.

OBJECTIVES: Modern management of myeloma has significantly improved survival, with increasing numbers of patients living beyond a decade. However, little is known about the long-term cardiovascular and respiratory status of intensively treated and multiply relapsed survivors. METHODS: We performed detailed cardiovascular and respiratory evaluations in patients with intensively treated, advanced but stable myeloma. All patients had received at least two lines of treatment, including at least one haematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure, but had stable, controlled disease and were off

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer; oncogenic alterations, therapeutic opportunities, challenges, and a glance at the application of nanoparticles.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has recently been considered as one of the most altered molecular pathways in this malignancy, few articles reviewed the task. In this review, we aim to summarize the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the oncogenic alterations in each component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer. This review also responds to questions on how aberrant activation in this axis contributes to uncontrolled growth, drug resistance, sustained angiogenesis, as w

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… Smoking (possibly due to a specific immune-mediated mechanism) may reduce the regulation of PTEN expression and thus increase the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling in the respiratory tract epithelium of smokers compared with non-smokers [ 129 , 162 ]. …

Is stroke incidence increased in survivors of adult cancers? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PurposeExisting research hints that people living with and beyond cancer are at an increased risk of stroke. However, there is insufficient evidence to appropriately inform guidelines for specific stroke prevention or management for cancer patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe and quantify stroke incidence in people living with and beyond cancer.MethodsMedline, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for epidemiological studies comparing stroke incidence between cancer and non-cancer patients. Reviewers independently extracted data; random-effects meta-analyses and

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… Dorresteijn et al. observed an increased stroke risk in both non-smokers and smokers living with and beyond head and neck cancer in comparison with the general population [ 26 ]. Smoking status had no association with an increased incidence of stroke in those with non-Hodgkin lymphoma [ 35 ]. …

Prodrugs in Oncology: Bioactivation and Impact on Therapeutic Efficacy and Toxicity.

A prodrug is a molecule that lacks pharmacological activity, but upon enzymatic bioactivation, it can generate a therapeutically active molecule. The primary reason behind the design of a prodrug is to help circumvent challenges associated with the physicochemical properties of a drug molecule, such as solubility, absorption, distribution, and instability. Chemotherapy has been at the forefront of cancer treatment for over 70 years due to its ability to target rapidly proliferating tumor cells. However, a major concern with conventional chemotherapy is the lack of selectivity and its associate

Projection of age-standardised mortality rates for 23 cancer types in India: a nationwide projection until 2030 using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models.

ObjectivesTo project the future burden of cancer mortality in India by forecasting age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) for 23 major cancer types up to the year 2030, providing crucial evidence for long-term health planning and resource allocation.DesignA retrospective analysis and time-series forecasting study. Participants Aggregated, national-level cancer mortality data for the population of India from 2000 to 2019 were used.ParticipantsAggregated, national-level cancer mortality data for the population of India from 2000 to 2019 were used.MethodsAnnual ASMR data for 23 cancer types wer

Sense of coherence and its relationship to participation, cancer-related fatigue, symptom burden, and quality of life in women with breast cancer participating in the OptiTrain exercise trial.

Abstract Purpose This study examined the Sense of Coherence (SOC) of patients participating in the randomized controlled ‘Optimal Training for Women with Breast Cancer’ (OptiTrain) study and assessed how patient characteristics were associated with SOC. Secondary aims were to assess the association between SOC and patients’ participation in this study and to determine whether SOC moderates the effect of the 16-week exercise intervention on fatigue, quality of life (QoL), and symptom burden in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods Modified Poisson regression analyses were co

Comorbidities in Black South Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidities contribute both to morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of comorbidities in South Africans with established RA. METHODS: A retrospective, consecutive case record review of 500 Black South African patients with established disease of ≥5 years attending a tertiary rheumatology service was performed. Common comorbidities including those listed in the Charlson Comorbidity Score (CCS) were documented. RESULTS: Most patients, 463 known alive (AG) and 37 known deceased (DG), were fe

Management of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia Remains Challenging Even in the Era of Novel Agents.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM). PCL is characterized by peripheral blood involvement by malignant plasma cells and an aggressive clinical course leading to poor survival. There is considerable overlap between MM and PCL with respect to clinical, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features, but circulating plasma cell count exceeding 20% of peripheral blood leukocytes or an absolute plasma cell count of >2000/mm3 distinguishes it from MM. After initial stabilization and diagnosis confirmation, treatment of PCL in a fit patient typical

Ассоциация базового липополисачарида и протеина с расширенным уровнем инвалидности, динамика развития у пациентов с повторным множественным склерозом: экспериментальное исследование.

Прогнозирование развития этой болезни на ранней стадии возбудителя наиболее часто встречающегося вида множественного склероза (MS), известного как релапсирующий множественный склероз (RRMS), имеет важное значение для быстрого изменения методов лечения, нацеленного на сокращение рецидивов и инвалидности в клинических условиях. В этом исследовании приняли участие в общей сложности 58 пациентов с системой RRMS, число которых в рамках расширенной шкалы взносов для инвалидов (EDSS) составляет менее 4. Проведена базовая магнитно-резонансная съемка (MRI) и проведена оценка повреждений мозга и спинног

Castleman Disease and Kaposi Sarcoma: A Review of the Literature and a Case Series.

Castleman disease and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) are both associated with infection by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). This virus plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of both conditions, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS. Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) generally presents with systemic inflammatory symptoms, lymphadenopathy, and organ dysfunction, while Kaposi sarcoma typically appears as vascular tumors on the skin, with occasional involvement of mucous membranes or internal organs. We prese

Disentangling the Complex Relationships Between Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer Through Polygenic Risk Scores: Evidence from a Large Prospective Study.

Although prior studies have reported a link between autoimmunity and carcinogenesis, the roles of genetic factors and potential mediators involved in this process remain elusive. We constructed disease-specific and combined polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for 6 common autoimmune diseases (AIDs) (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis [UC], and type 1 diabetes mellitus [T1D]) in the UK Biobank cohort. Compared to those without AID, AID patients at baseline had increased risks of overall cancer, hematological, digestive, and

Impact of Bisphosphonate Therapy on Oral Health in Patients with Breast and Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: A Comprehensive Study.

This study investigates the impact of bisphosphonate therapy on the stomatognathic system in 80 patients with cancer of the breast and prostate with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates are integral for managing skeletal complications in these malignancies but are associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), affecting 0.8-18.5% of patients. BRONJ manifests with pain, neuropathy, tissue swelling, mucosal ulceration, tooth mobility, and abscesses, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive, complicating risk prediction. The research employed comprehensive dental and radiologica

'Lessons learned' from trialists who adapted a complex intervention for remote delivery within a trial as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, complex interventions being evaluated in randomised controlled trials were often rapidly adapted from in-person to remote delivery. Such adaptations to intervention delivery have the potential to cause unintended consequences and affect important aspects of trial generalisability and interpretation. This scoping review aimed to identify the 'lessons learned' from trialists who adapted and remotely delivered a complex intervention within a trial because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaining a better understanding of trialists' experiences of adapting interven

Effect of a Mobile App for the Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-Up of Patients With Cancer on Their Health Outcomes: Quasi-Experimental Study.

BackgroundOral antineoplastic agents (OAAs) have revolutionized cancer management. However, they have been reported with adverse side effects and drug-drug interactions. Moreover, patient adherence to OAA treatment is critical. Mobile apps can enable remote and real-time pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of patients, while also promoting patient autonomy in their health care.ObjectiveThe primary objective was to analyze the effect of using a mobile app for the follow-up of patients with oncohematological malignancies undergoing treatment with OAAs on their health outcomes. The secondary objective

Data Resource Profile: The Cancer Public Library Database in South Korea.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Cancer Public Library Database (CPLD), established under the Korean Clinical Data Utilization for Research Excellence project (K-CURE). The CPLD links data from four major population-based public sources: the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database in the Korea Central Cancer Registry, cause-of-death data in Statistics Korea, the National Health Information Database in the National Health Insurance Service, and the National Health Insurance Research Database in the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. These databases are linked usin

Taste and smell disturbances in patients with chronic oral graft vs. host disease: An observational study.

BackgroundA common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is chronic oral graft vs. host disease (cGvHD). Oral cGvHD may present as mucosal lesions, salivary gland dysfunction, and trismus. Moreover, taste and smell ability may be affected, but the prevalence, nature and severity of altered taste and smell function, and their impact on quality of life (QoL) are understudied.AimTo identify the prevalence, nature, and severity of taste and smell disturbances, their impact on QoL and to assess whether altered taste/smell ability is associated with oral mucos

JAK2 Phosphorylation Signals and Their Associated Cytokines Involved in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Correlated with Disease Severity.

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a member of the JAK family that transduces cytokine-mediated signals via the JAKs/STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins) pathway, which plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases. This study investigates the association of p-JAK2 and JAK2-associated cytokines from nasal polyp (NP) tissue with disease severity, and evaluates the p-JAK2-mediated STATs in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP. Sixty-one CRSwNP patients with nasal polyps undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled, while the turbinate tissues from 26 nasal obstruc