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Гепатит С во время беременности.

ЦЕЛЬ: Обзор эпидемиологического и клинического курса заражения вирусом гепатита С (ГХВ), изучение текущих данных о вертикальной передаче ВЦВ неонатальным и разработка рекомендаций в отношении внутриродового и послеродового наблюдения за новорожденными матерями, инфицированными ВХЦ. ИСТОЧНИКИ ДАННЫХ: Медицинская литература на английском языке с 1988 по 1996 год была пересмотрена через систему MedLINE. МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Серия тематических исследований, посвященных оценке вертикальной передачи инфекции ВКВ у новорожденных, которая была определена на основе анализа ВКВ в РНК после родов и грудн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology and clinical course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, to examine current data on the vertical transmission of HCV to neonates, and to develop recommendations for intrapartum and postpartum follow-up of neonates born to HCV-infected mothers. DATA SOURCES: The English-language medical literature from 1988 to 1996 was …

Autoimmune hepatitis in children.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is usually diagnosed after other viral, metabolic or drug-induced etiologies have been ruled out. Although uncommon in children, the disease can manifest itself with severe hepatocellular damage and early fibrosis. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment may improve morbidity and decrease mortality. In other cases, liver transplantation is the final rescue for these children. We describe our experience with five children who were diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis. Their diagnosis, medical treatment and clinical outcome are presented with a review of the literature…

[Autoimmune hepatitis: pediatric aspects].

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a liver inflammatory condition, is characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, hypertransaminasemia, presence of autoantibody and periportal hepatitis revealed by histology. Usually it comes with acute onset and with bad prognosis. We describe recent updated literature for clinical manifestation and pathogenesis, principally referring to adult disease. We described the data obtained from a multicenter investigation (10 Italian center) included in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Italian Society. The investigation collected 42 AIH cases in 18 years, this confirms tha…

[Phenprocoumon-induced cholestatic hepatitis].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 78-year-old woman had 4 years age received phenprocoumon as prophylaxis against thromboembolism after implantation of a left total knee prosthesis. Ten weeks later she developed hepatitis with negative hepatitis serology. 6 weeks before her latest hospitalisation a right total knee implantation had been performed and she again received phenprocoumon. She was admitted now because of cholestatic jaundice with rapid deterioration of her general state. There were no significant abnormal findings other than jaundiced skin and sclerae. INVESTIGATION: Bilirubin conce…

[Treatment of viral hepatitis].

Chronic forms of viral B,C and D hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis represent a serious healthcare problem. The study deals with the changes in the strategy in treating these diseases. During the chronic active hepatitis caused by the B hepatitis virus, the main aim of treatment is to cease multiplication of viruses, eliminate the clinical symptoms, prevent the development of cirrhosis, or the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors analyze the possibilities of the application of corticosteroids, viricidal drugs (vidarabin and interferons) and other medicaments (acyclovir, zidovudin, du…

[Transfusion and hepatitis C].

Hepatitis C has been a major transfusionnal risk until the beginning of the 90's, since it accounted for more than 90% of non-A, non-B hepatitis, 5% to 10% of infected surgical recipients and up to 50% of multitransfused patients, alltogether 100,000 to 400,000 blood components recipients in France. The decline in incidence was based principally on sequential introduction of donor testing, starting with surrogate markers in 1988 (transaminase ALT and antibody anti-core HBc), followed since 1990 by specific assays (anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies) and on blood donor selection. Two risk factor…

Chronic hepatitis in children.

Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver of unknown etiology that progresses toward cirrhosis and liver failure and is generally responsive to immunosuppressive treatment. The presence of anti-smooth muscle antibodies with anti-actin specificity and of anti-liver kidney microsomal antibodies defines two distinct subgroups of the disease. An autoantibody against liver cytosolic antigens has recently been described. Management of autoimmune hepatitis relies on immunosuppressive therapy with steroids alone or combined with azathioprine. When the disease is poorly controlled, d…

Hepatitis B virus immunopathology.

Approximately 5% of the world population is infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which causes a necroinflammatory liver disease of variable duration and severity. Chronically infected patients with active liver disease carry a high risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The immune response to HBV-encoded antigens is responsible both for viral clearance and for disease pathogenesis during this infection. While the humoral antibody response to viral envelope antigens contributes to the clearance of circulating virus particles, the cellular immune response to the envelope, …

Hepatitis C: an overview.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with acute and chronic posttransfusion and with sporadic non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cloning of the sequence encoding an antigenic component of HCV in 1989 led to the development of tests to detect antibody to HCV in serum. Viral HCV RNA can be detected and estimated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and branched-chain DNA (bDNA) signal amplification tests. The entire viral genome has been sequenced. The HCV envelope region varies considerably, and infections with mutant HCV have been described. App…

Chronic hepatitis in haemophilia.

Chronic hepatitis affects almost all haemophiliacs treated with non-virally inactivated clotting factor concentrates. The virus responsible is hepatitis C (HCV) and most patients have non-neutralising antibodies with circulating virus. Although the majority also have evidence of past infection with hepatitis B, less than 5% are chronic carriers of HBsAg. Chronic hepatitis C can be associated with severe and progressive liver disease but the development of complications is slow. Treatment with recombinant interferon alpha given subcutaneously normalises the liver function in 50% of patients, bu…

Treatment of chronic hepatitis.

Chronic hepatitis is an etiologically diverse syndrome. The approach to treatment depends on the cause of the disease. The efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment of chronic autoimmune hepatitis has long been established, and most patients with this disease can be treated successfully with prednisone and azathioprine. Interferon therapy has revolutionized the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Although the response in chronic hepatitis delta is disappointing, hepatitis C is often controlled, and certain patients with chronic hepatitis B may actually be cured of the disease. Future studies w…

[Therapy of alcoholic hepatitis].

The basic therapeutic principle in alcoholic liver diseases in general and in alcoholic hepatitis in particular is the consequent withdrawal of alcohol intake. Basic therapy of more complicated causes includes well balanced nutrition and symptomatic treatment according to the known principles of hepatology and intensive care medicine. Infusions with glucose-glucagon-insulin, or the administration of silymarin, and in individual cases of glucocorticoids seems to be justified as additional treatment. The therapy with S-adenosyl-L-methionine is promising, but clear evidence of the therapeutic eff…