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Multiple sclerosis: role of meningeal lymphoid aggregates in progression independent of relapse activity.

The emphasis on mechanisms driving multiple sclerosis (MS) symptomatic worsening suggests that we move beyond categorical clinical classifiers such as relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) and progressive MS (P-MS). Here, we focus on the clinical phenomenon progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), which begins early in the disease course. PIRA occurs throughout MS, becoming more phenotypically evident as patients age. The underlying mechanisms for PIRA include chronic-active demyelinating lesions (CALs), subpial cortical demyelination, and nerve fiber injury following demyelination. We pro…

The Key Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Associated Biomarkers: A Review.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including chronic disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and acute diseases like traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke are characterized by progressive degeneration, brain tissue damage and loss of neurons, accompanied by behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. So far, there are no complete cures for NDs; thus, early and timely diagnoses are essential and beneficial to patients' treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the advanced medical imaging techniques widely used i…

Air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to progressive functional impairments, and many intrinsic and acquired factors are believed to be associated with its development and relapse. In terms of environmental factors, air pollution has gained much attention during recent decades, as chronic exposure to ambient air pollution seems to increase the level of some pro-inflammatory markers in the human brain, which can lead to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. These events …

[Diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Detection of intrathecal antibody formation].

The most common neurological manifestation of Lyme disease is lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (Banwarth's syndrome, stage II). In rare cases, chronic progressive encephalomyelitis (stage III) with symptoms similar to multiple sclerosis is observed. Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi are detectable in 70-90% of stage II cases, with IgM-antibodies predominating in the first two weeks, and IgG-antibodies thereafter. Detection of specific intrathecal antibodies is the best serodiagnostic parameter for diagnosing neuroborreliosis. With the aid of a CSF/serum index determination (on the basis of…

Relapsing-remitting lesions in a woman with progressive hemifacial atrophy and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Progressive hemifacial atrophy (PHA) is a rare disorder characterized by unilateral facial atrophy affecting the skin, subcuta … ears) showed a "relapsing-remitting" pattern of brain lesions akin to that observed in a subtype of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune-related investigations revealed increased serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), and γ-IgG. Infection is considered as one of the possible causes of PHA. However, the association of peripheral infection such …

[Multiple neurologic manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi infection].

The neurological spectrum of Borrelia burgdorferi infections is still enlarging. We review epidemiological, pathological and serological dat … dysarthria, focal and diffuse encephalopathy. This chronic central nervous system disease can mimic multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa, psychic disorders or subacute presenile dementia. It is often associated with pleiocytosis, abnormal EEG and evoked potentials, sometimes multifocal and mainly periventricular white matter lesions visualised by CT or MRI, and as a …

Neuronal cholesterol synthesis is essential for repair of chronically demyelinated lesions in mice.

Astrocyte-derived cholesterol supports brain cells under physiological conditions. However, in demyelinating lesions, astrocytes downregulat … e that neurons increase cholesterol synthesis in chronic myelin disease models and in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In mouse models, neuronal cholesterol facilitates remyelination specifically by triggering oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of disease progression and have implications for therapeutic stra …

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Multiple Sclerosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a chronic and often progressive disease course. The current disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) limit disease progression primarily by dampening immune cell activity in the peripheral blood or hindering their migration from the periphery into the CNS. New therapies are needed to target CNS immunopathology, which is a key driver of disability progression in MS. This article reviews Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (BTKIs), a new class of experimental therapy that is being intensely …

Multiple sclerosis with predominant, severe cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) presenting with severe cognitive impairment as its primary disabling manifestation. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. Patients Patients were identified through the Mayo Clinic data retrieval system (1996-2008) with definite MS (McDonald criteria) and severe cognitive impairment as their primary neurological symptom without accompanying significant MS-related impairment or alternative diagnosis for cognitive dysfunction. Twenty-three patients meeting inclusion criteria were compared regar…

Understanding the Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor During Neurodegeneration for New Therapeutics Opportunities.

Neurodegeneration (NDG) is linked with the progressive loss of neural function with intellectual and/or motor impairment. Several diseases affecting older individuals, including Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis and many others, are the most relevant disorders associated with NDG. Since other pathologies such as refractory epilepsy, brain infections, or hereditary diseases such as "neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation", also lead to chronic brain inflammation with loss of neural cells, NDG can be …

Optic nerve imaging with OCT predicts disease progression and monitors brain and spinal atrophy in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables in vivo assessment of retinal layers and is an emerging biomarker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). In relapsing MS, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness predict disease progression, but their role in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pRNFL and GCIPL predict disability progression and retinal, brain, and spinal cord atrophy (SCA) in PPMS. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study of 69 PPMS patients …

A combined post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and quantitative histological study of multiple sclerosis pathology.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory neurological condition characterized by focal and diffuse neurodegeneration and demyelination throughout the central nervous system. Factors influencing the progression of pathology are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that anatomical connectivity influences the spread of neurodegeneration. This predicts that measures of neurodegeneration will correlate most strongly between interconnected structures. However, such patterns have been difficult to quantify through post-mortem neuropathology or in vivo scanning alone. In this study, we used the co…

[Neuro-otologic findings in multiple sclerosis].

Neuro-otologic examination is very important in evaluation of balance system. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic, debilitating disease characterized by focal demyelinization that develop throughout of the central nerves system at varying time. Patients with MS presented various complaints and signs, so the aim of the study was the neuro-otologic presentation of multiple findings in patients with MS and comparison with reviewing literature. The study was carried out in 32 patients with MS (21 with relapsing-remitting, 9 with secondary progressive, 1 with primary progressive and …

Fibroblast abnormalities in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmunity, vascular lesions and progressive fibrosis. The fibrotic component is dominant in SSc compared with other vascular or autoimmune diseases and determines its prognosis and therapeutic refractoriness. Fibroblasts are responsible for abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation. Studies in cultured SSc skin fibroblasts have facilitated the identification of potential pathways involved in their profibrotic phenotype. Profibrotic fibroblasts characterized by abnormal growth and extracellular matrix synthesis may diff

[Shared and distinctive characteristics of systemic autoimmune disorders].

Systemic autoimmune disorders constitute a well-characterized and separate group of diseases in the field of clinical immunology and rheumatology. Despite their shared characteristics, these diseases have several distinctive features. The similarity and the difference are manifested both in etiology (i.e. the importance and ratio of genetic and environmental factors), in pathomechanism (i.e. the dominance of cellular or humoral immune response), in the disease outcome (fluctuating or chronic progressive) and in the diversity of clinical manifestations (i.e. multiple organ involvements or some

PCR for bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid.

The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently unknown. The hypothesis of this study is that MS is caused by a chronic bacterial infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and the ensuing immune response. We developed a sensitive two-stage polymerase chain reaction method using nested or semi-nested primers specific for the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA to test for the presence of bacterial DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. We designed seven sets of primers to amplify DNA from spirochetes , Campylobacter, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Mycobacteria and Streptococcus and tested cerebrospinal …

Mitochondrial damage and histotoxic hypoxia: a pathway of tissue injury in inflammatory brain disease?

The immunological mechanisms leading to tissue damage in inflammatory brain diseases are heterogeneous and complex. They may involve direct … ely liberated, can result in a state of histotoxic hypoxia. This mechanism may play a major role in multiple sclerosis, not only explaining the lesions formed in a subtype of patients with acute and relapsing course, but also being involved in the formation of diffuse "neurodegenerative" lesions in chronic progressive forms of the disease.

Case Report: Case of subacute combiled deгенерация спинного мозга в связи с хроническим атрофическим гастритом, макроцитической анемией и положительными антисульфатидом IgM и IgG антителами.

Антисульфатидные антитела являются автоантиорганизмами, связанными с различными неврологическими расстройствами. Они были выявлены в нескольких условиях, включая синдром Гильен-Барре, множественный склероз и хронический подстрекательский демиелинизирующий полинропат. Субакустическое комбинированное дегенерирование спинного мозга вызвано главным образом дефицитом витамина В12. Хроническая атрофическая гастритис — сложное состояние, характеризующееся атрофацией и воспалением желудочно-кишечной слизи. На сегодняшний день не было зарегистрировано ни одного случая, когда пациенты с субакутальным ко

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Anti-sulfatide antibodies are autoantibodies that are associated with various neurological disorders. They have been identified in several conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is mainly caused by vitamin B12 defici…

Является ли Клостридиум Перфрингенс Эпсилон Токсиновым Мимиком автоантигеном, связанным с множественным склерозом?

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое имунное неврологическое расстройство, характеризующееся постепенным обезвоживанием и потерей нервных клеток в центральной нервной системе. Были предложены многие возможные причины НР, включая генетические факторы, экологические факторы и инфекционные агенты. Недавно клопридиум перфрингенс эпсилоновый токсин (ETX) был инкриминирован в MS, первоначально на основе изоляции бактерий от пациента MS в сочетании с иммунной активностью до ETX. Чтобы изучить предполагаемую причинно-следственную роль ETX в MS, мы проанализировали структуру антител, реагирующих на

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by progressive demyelination and neuronal cell loss in the central nervous system. Many possible causes of MS have been proposed, including genetic factors, environmental triggers, and infectious agents. Recently, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) has been inc…

Synthetic MRI and radiomics in multiple sclerosis: improving precision in diagnosis and prognosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, neurodegeneration, and gliosis in the central nervous system (CNS). While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for diagnosing and monitoring MS, it often fails to detect subtle microstructural changes. Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) produces multiple contrast-weighted images from a single acquisition and has emerged as a valuable tool for detailed tissue analysis. Combining SyMRI with radiomics, a method for extracting high-dimensional, sub-visual features from images, holds promise for enhanci…