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A review on machine learning approaches and trends in drug discovery.

Drug discovery aims at finding new compounds with specific chemical properties for the treatment of diseases. In the last years, the approach used in this search presents an important component in computer science with the skyrocketing of machine learning techniques due to its democratization. With the objectives set by the Precision Medicine initiative and the new challenges generated, it is necessary to establish robust, standard and reproducible computational methodologies to achieve the objectives set. Currently, predictive models based on Machine Learning have gained great importance in t

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… On the other hand, there are also the so-called pharmacogenomic tests that provide assistance in making decisions related to the drug and the dose formulated for each patient. … Pharmacogenomic testing can contribute to the safe and effective application of drugs in many different areas of health, including heart disease, cancer adjunctive therapy, psychiatry, HIV and other infectious diseases, dermatology, etc. …

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: China Continuation study.

BackgroundThe China Continuation study was a separate regional expansion of the global, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III TOURMALINE-MM1 study of ixazomib plus lenalidomide-dexamethasone (Rd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) following one to three prior therapies.MethodsPatients were randomized (1:1) to receive ixazomib 4.0 mg or placebo on days 1, 8, and 15, plus lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1-21 and dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, in 28-day cycles. Randomization was stratified according to number of prior therapies, disease stage,

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Pediatric Brain Cancers: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential.

Brain cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Biological changes in these tumors likely include epigenetic deregulation during embryonal development of the nervous system. Histone acetylation is one of the most widely investigated epigenetic processes, and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are increasingly important candidate treatments in many cancer types. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how HDACis display antitumor effects in experimental models of specific pediatric brain tumor types, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), pediatric

Identification of PSMB4 and PSMD4 as novel target genes correlated with 1q21 amplification in patients with smoldering myeloma and multiple myeloma.

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Clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in cancer patients with different ethnicities.

BackgroundChoosing the most effective chemotherapeutic agent with safest side effect profile is a common challenge in cancer treatment. Although there are standardized chemotherapy protocols in place, protocol changes made after extensive clinical trials demonstrate significant improvement in the efficacy and tolerability of certain drugs. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerance of anti-cancer medications are all highly individualized. A driving force behind these differences lies within a person's genetic makeup.Recent findingsPharmacogenomics, the study of how an individual's g

Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) : Immunologic Reactions

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Translational Bioinformatics Applied to the Study of Complex Diseases.

Translational Bioinformatics (TBI) is defined as the union of translational medicine and bioinformatics. It emerges as a major advance in science and technology by covering everything, from the most basic database discoveries, to the development of algorithms for molecular and cellular analysis, as well as their clinical applications. This technology makes it possible to access the knowledge of scientific evidence and apply it to clinical practice. This manuscript aims to highlight the role of TBI in the study of complex diseases, as well as its application to the understanding and treatment o

MicroRNA-mRNA Pairs Associated with Outcome in AML: From In Vitro Cell-Based Studies to AML Patients.

Cytarabine is the primary chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Disease relapse after initial remission remains one of the most pressing therapeutic challenges in the treatment of AML. Relapsed disease is often resistant to cytarabine and subsequent salvage therapy is ineffective. Recent studies have shown that some microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with prognosis, but have not yet explored the role of miRNAs in cellular response to cytarabine. We identified 20 miRNAs that associate with the in vitro cytarabine chemo-sensitivity or apoptotic response of eig

Машинное обучение - Deriveed Immune Gene Signing Previsions Прогнозы прогноза и терапическая вульгарность в Множестве миеломы.

Иммунная микроокружающая среда вносит существенный вклад в биологическую и клиническую неоднородность множественной миэломы (ММ), однако молекулярные биомаркеры, связанные с иммунной деятельностью, с воспроизводимым прогнозируемым значением по-прежнему ограничены. Здесь мы разработали 12-генную генную сигнатуру, связанную с иммунным иммунитетом (ИРГС), используя интеграционную систему машинного обучения, и оценили ее прогнозируемую эффективность в различных группах MM. ИРГС последовательно стратифицировала общее выживание и оставалась независимой с точки зрения результатов после корректировки

Нейрофармакология каннабиноидов: всеобъемлющий обзор доклинических и клинических данных о экстрактах гемп-деривных веществ и активных соединениях.

Каннабис сатива содержит более 120 фитоканнабиноидов, причем наиболее характерными из них являются Δ9-тетрагидроканнабинол (THC) и каннабидиол (CBD). В настоящем обзоре обобщаются доклинические и клинические данные об экстрактах гематома, каннабиноидах и активных соединениях. THC действует главным образом как частичный агонист каннабиноидного рецептора типа 1 (CB1) и типа 2 (CB2), приводящий к психоактивным, аппетитным, антиэметическим и анальгетическим эффектам. КБР не является опьяняющим и имеет мультимодальный профиль, включающий негативную аллостерическую модуляцию CB1, обратное агонизм CB

Decoding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: ion channels, disease models, and future directions.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant side effect of cancer treatments like paclitaxel and oxaliplatin, impacting patient quality of life (QoL). Despite much research, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear and effective therapies are lacking. This review evaluates whether current experimental models accurately reflect CIPN, emphasizing recent molecular and cellular findings, especially the role of sensory ion channels. We outline limitations of existing models and propose more translational preclinical approaches to better capture disease complexity and patient

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3: Biomarker discovery and therapeutic advancement in primary biliary cholangitis.

In this article, the author comment on the article by Zang et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) was examined in this study as a novel biomarker to predict the efficiency of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and thereby improved primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) treatment. Differentially expressed genes in PBC patients and healthy controls (HCs) were detected using microarray expression analysis. PBC patients and HCs were examined for predictive performance and associations between important genes and clinicopathological features using immunohistochemistry, logistic regressi

Carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing oncolytic measles virus derivative in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1 trial.

Measles virus (MV) vaccine strains have shown significant preclinical antitumor activity against glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal glioma histology. In this first in human trial (NCT00390299), a carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing oncolytic measles virus derivative (MV-CEA), was administered in recurrent GBM patients either at the resection cavity (Group A), or, intratumorally on day 1, followed by a second dose administered in the resection cavity after tumor resection on day 5 (Group B). A total of 22 patients received study treatment, 9 in Group A and 13 in Group B. Primary endpoint was s

Cancer Pain Is Not One-Size-Fits-All: Evolving from Tradition to Precision.

Cancer pain remains a significant challenge in oncology, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life, function, and prognosis. Historically under-recognized and managed with a uniform, opioid-centric approach, cancer pain was often inadequately treated. Advances in pain assessment, multimodal analgesia, and supportive care have improved outcomes, yet traditional algorithms frequently fail to address the complex, heterogeneous nature of cancer pain. Contemporary management is shifting toward precision and personalized medicine, integrating genetic, molecular, and biomarker data with individu

Personalized Lifestyle Interventions for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Related Cancers: A Call to Action.

The increasing global burden of cancer necessitates innovative approaches to prevention and treatment. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking significantly contribute to cancer. At the same time, current guidelines are based on a one-size-fits-all approach, which limits their effectiveness across diverse populations. Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for cancer, directly affecting 13 types of cancer. The complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and environmental factors in obesity's etiology highlights the need for more tailored approaches to obesity-re

Case Report: The intersection of psychiatry and medicine: diagnostic and ethical insights from case studies.

The intersection of psychiatry and medicine presents unique diagnostic and ethical challenges, particularly for conditions involving significant brain-body interactions, such as psychosomatic, somatopsychic, and complex systemic disorders. This article explores the historical and contemporary issues in diagnosing such conditions, emphasizing the fragmentation of medical and psychiatric knowledge, biases in clinical guidelines, and the mismanagement of complex illnesses. Diagnostic errors often arise from insufficient integration between general medicine and psychiatry, compounded by the relian

A Novel Approach to Prognostic Factors and Risk Stratification in Pediatric AML: Case Report and Literature Review.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the second most common type of leukemia in children, is a heterogeneous disease known to be caused by genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional changes, predominantly somatic and germline abnormalities. Despite significant improvement of overall survival rates, the prognosis of pediatric AML remains unfavorable in comparison with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially in relapsed or refractory settings. The current status and future directions are focused on establishing an accurate diagnosis and treatment strategies based on the genomic background. Next-ge

Translational Advances in Oncogene and Tumor-Suppressor Gene Research.

Cancer, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, is one of the leading causes of death globally, with approximately one in five people developing the disease in their lifetime. While many driver genes were identified decades ago, and most cancers can be classified based on morphology and progression, there is still a significant gap in knowledge about genetic aberrations and nuclear DNA damage. The study of two critical groups of genes-tumor suppressors, which inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis, and oncogenes, which regulate proliferation and survival-can help to unde

49th ESCP virtual symposium on clinical pharmacy 19.10.2021-21.10.2021 Clinical pharmacy, working collaboratively in mental health care.

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Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science,