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Progress in high-throughput screening for drug and material discovery in orthopedic diseases: a literature review.

Orthopedic diseases are referred to as a series of conditions affecting the normal structure and function of the skeletal system. With a wide variety of types and a year-by-year increasing incidence, they have a severe impact on patients' quality of life. Traditional research has made relatively significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis and treating orthopedic diseases, however, it remains constrained by limitations such as low-throughput experimentation, and difficulty in mimicking the complex bone microenvironment. In recent years, high-throughput screening (HTS) technology has

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… Baicalein Baicalein, a flavonoid compound primarily extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis (Chinese skullcap), exerts multiple beneficial effects on human health ( Moghaddam et al., 2014 ). …

Hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells: the current state of small molecule-based inhibitors.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Patients with advanced-stage HCC are referred to systemic treatment. Although some advances in HCC therapy have been made in recent years, the prognosis for patients remains poor due to drug resistance, tumor relapse, and metastasis, implying that overall survival remains a challenge. Many studies have shown that tumor-initiating stem cells, also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), play essential roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and treatment resistance in HCC and that future cancer

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… Baicalein Baicalein is a flavonoid compound derived from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis , a traditional Chinese plant. Interestingly, baicalein chemosensitized HCC CSCs by inhibiting autophagy via competitive inhibition of the guanosine triphosphatase SAR1B. …

Decoding IL-23 Signaling Cascade for New Therapeutic Opportunities.

The interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, or rheumatoid arthritis. The pathological consequences of excessive IL-23 signaling have been linked to its ability to promote the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-17, IL-22, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating (GM-CSF), or the tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) by target populations, mainly Th17 and IL-17-secreting TCRγδ cells (Tγδ17). Due to their pivotal role in inflammatory diseases, IL-23 and

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… For example, baicalin is a bioactive flavonoid compound obtained from Scutellaria baicalensis , an herb used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different inflammatory diseases, and baicalin reduced IL-23-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and IL-17 production in Th17 cells. …

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms.

The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The in

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… Baicalin and baicalein, the main flavones isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis , potently inhibit EMT by targeting TGF-β1, and the inactivation of NF-κB-induced activation of Slug [ 338 ]. …

Skin cancer: understanding the journey of transformation from conventional to advanced treatment approaches.

Skin cancer is a global threat to the healthcare system and is estimated to incline tremendously in the next 20 years, if not diagnosed at an early stage. Even though it is curable at an early stage, novel drug identification, clinical success, and drug resistance is another major challenge. To bridge the gap and bring effective treatment, it is important to understand the etiology of skin carcinoma, the mechanism of cell proliferation, factors affecting cell growth, and the mechanism of drug resistance. The current article focusses on understanding the structural diversity of skin cancers, tr

The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.

Cancers are generally recognized as the leading cause of death and a predominant barrier to prolonging life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Emodin is a typical anthraquinone derivative from various plants that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Much previous preclinical evidence has demonstrated that emodin exhibits reliable effects on several cancer types, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and

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… such as Aloe vera ( Asphodelaceae ), Acorus tatarinowii ( Araceae ), Cassia obtusifolia ( Leguminosae ), Cassia occidentalis ( Leguminosae ), Eriocaulon buergerianum ( Eriocaulaceae ), Dendrobium thyrsiflorum ( Orchidaceae ), Fibraurea tinctoria ( Aristolochiaceae ), Coptis chinensis ( Ranunculacea ), Scutellaria …

Biological and Clinical Aspects of Metastatic Spinal Tumors.

Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Thanks to continuous research, there appears more and more detailed knowledge about cancer and metastasis, but these transformations are extremely complicated, e.g., due to the complexity of reactions, the variety of places where they oc

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… Inhibition effects of total flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata D. Don on human breast carcinoma bone metastasis via down-regulating PTHrP pathway Int. J. Mol. Med. 2018 41 3137 3146 10.3892/IJMM.2018.3515/HTML 29512770 PMC5881663 111. Martin T.J. Johnson R.W. …

Potential drug development and therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention in COVID-19.

While the vaccination is now available to many countries and will slowly dissipate to others, effective therapeutics for COVID-19 is still illusive. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to researchers, scientists, and clinicians and affected the wellbeing of millions of people worldwide. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a multitude of existing anti-viral, antibiotic, antimalarial, and anticancer drugs have been tested, and some have shown potency in the treatment and management of COVID-19, albeit others failed to leave any positive impact and a few also became cont

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… Paidu decoction consists of different herbal medicine such as Ephedrae Herba , Gypsum Fibrosum , Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeprata cum Melle, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polyporus, Rhizoma Praepratum cum Zingibere et Alumine, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Scutellariae …

The convergent evolution of influenza A virus: Implications, therapeutic strategies and what we need to know.

Influenza virus infection, more commonly known as the 'cold flu', is an etiological agent that gives rise to recurrent annual flu and many pandemics. Dated back to the 1918- Spanish Flu, the influenza infection has caused the loss of many human lives and significantly impacted the economy and daily lives. Influenza virus can be classified into four different genera: influenza A-D, with the former two, influenza A and B, relevant to humans. The capacity of antigenic drift and shift in Influenza A has given rise to many novel variants, rendering vaccines and antiviral therapies useless. In light

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… Another flavonoid, baicalein, a compound isolated from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis , showed inhibitory effects of IAV in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, where orally administered baicalein has significantly reduced the mortality of H1N1-infected mice ( Ding et al., 2014 ; Xu et al., 2010 …

From laboratory to clinic: opportunities and challenges of functional food active ingredients in cancer therapy.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of functional food active ingredients in cancer prevention and therapy. It outlines the multifaceted anticancer mechanisms of bioactive compounds-such as polyphenols, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, phytosterols, alkaloids, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, flavonols, and amide-bearing compounds-which include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, interference with cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways, and regulation of

Program-Abstracts

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Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be acc

Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy.

Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecu

Abstracts of the 28th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, December 8-11, 2005, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

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