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Disparities in the Surgical Management of the Axilla by Self-Identified Race in the Multicenter Neoadjuvant I-SPY2 Trial.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may allow de-escalation of axillary surgery; yet treatment disparities persist. We aimed to asses … ypT, respectively). RESULTS: Among 1394 patients, 79.4% identified as White, 11.2% Black, and 9.4% Asian/other. More than half (52.5%) were cN+ at baseline, and 66.9% were ypN- after NAC, with no significant differences in nodal downstaging by race. Overall ALND rates were higher in Black patients (50.6%) compared to White (37.5%) and Asian/other (38.9 …

The PCOS Phenotype in Unselected Populations study: ethnic variation in population-based normative cut-offs for defining hirsutism.

OBJECTIVE: Hirsutism, a diagnostic feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is often defined using arbitrary percentile cutoffs, rather … ite Iranians had the highest cutoff score of 8, followed by White Italians and Black Africans of 7. Asian Han Chinese, White Russian, Turkish, and Black Americans shared a cutoff of 5; White Americans, Asian Koreans, Asian Russians, and Mixed Russians shared a cutoff of 4. Comparing medians and mFG cutoffs across ethnicities confirmed the same differenc …

Burden of acute hepatitis E virus in South Asia: Insights from Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

BACKGROUND: Despite global progress, South Asian countries account for a disproportionate burden of Acute hepatitis E (AHE). Understanding the burden of AHE in this region is crucial for targeted interventions. METHODS: We used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to assess the burden of AHE across eight South Asian countries from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends and Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify trends. The relationship between age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) and socio-demographic ind…

Анализ в разбивке по возрасту, полу, расе и этнической принадлежности участников клинических испытаний в поддержку недавно одобренной новелл-терапии.

Экспериментальные группы, представляющие население, которое предназначено для лечения, составляют доказательства, подтверждающие общую доступность результатов для предполагаемого населения, и совершенствуют внедрение новых методов лечения после их утверждения. Мы провели оценку демографического состава пробных групп населения в 62 Основные исследования в поддержку утверждения новых методов лечения вируса иммунодефицита человека, мигреней, множественных склерозов и типов 2 диабет. Посещение всех участков, площадок США и объектов за пределами Соединенных Штатов оценивалось с точки зрения распрос

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Trial populations that are representative of the intended population for therapies build evidence supporting the generalizability of results … S sites, and sites outside the United States was evaluated relative to US prevalence. Enrollment of Asian participants relative to US prevalence varied across evaluated drug programs. In most cases, enrollment of Black or African American participants across all sites combined was below disease prevalence. Enrollment for White participants was consisten …

Black Race is Associated with Decreased Exposure to Advanced Therapies and Worse Outcomes in Individuals with Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND: For people diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), racial disparities exist both in access to medications and clinical outcomes. METHODS: We used the TriNetX database for two population-based retrospective analyses with Black (n = 22,519) and Asian (n = 8,626) individuals with UC matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Outcomes included mortality, medication prescriptions, and clinical encounters at 6 months and 10 years. RESULTS: At 6 months and 10 years after diagnosis, Black people had increased mortality (2.7% vs. 1.9% and 8.1% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.0001), were prescribed fewer UC-spe…

Population Pharmacokinetics of Bepirovirsen in Healthy Participants and Participants with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Results from Phase 1, 2a, and 2b Studies.

INTRODUCTION: Bepirovirsen is a novel antisense oligonucleotide in development for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection therapy. Unders … el with first-order absorption and absorption delay. Chronic HBV infection status, body weight, and Asian versus non-Asian race were key covariates included in the final model. Visual inspection of correlation scatter plots confirmed general agreement between observed and predicted data from the studies. In simulations, bepirovirsen systemic exposure wa …

Rising Trends of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Large Integrated Healthcare Delivery System in Southern California, 2010-2021.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis rates among children aged 5-17 years over the pas … evalent among White children (6.1%), then Black (4.6%), Other/multiple (3.7%), Hispanic (3.1%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) (1.7%). ADHD was also highly prevalent among boys (73.3%) or family income≥$70,000 (50.0%). ADHD diagnosis increased among Black (4.2% to 5.1%), Hispanic (2.8% to 3.6%), and Asian/PI children (1.5% to 2.0%) but remained stable …

Identification of proteins associated with type 2 diabetes risk in diverse racial and ethnic populations.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Several studies have reported associations between specific proteins and type 2 diabetes risk in European populations. To better understand the role played by proteins in type 2 diabetes aetiology across diverse populations, we conducted a large proteome-wide association study using genetic instruments across four racial and ethnic groups: African; Asian; Hispanic/Latino; and European. METHODS: Genome and plasma proteome data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study involving 182 African, 69 Asian, 284 Hispanic/Latino and 409 European individuals residing i…

Low-concentration atropine for controlling myopia onset and progression in East Asia.

PURPOSE: Over the past few years, there has been a rapid accumulation of data on the use of low-concentration atropine for myopia control, especially in East Asian children, with its effectiveness varying in different studies. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the efficacy and safety of low-concentration atropine in the management of myopia onset and progression in East Asia. METHODS: Clinical trials involving atropine for myopia control in East Asia were reviewed. RESULTS: Atropine has been shown to reduce myopia progression in East Asian children, compared with …

Genetic admixture predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in the South African Cape Coloured population.

Ancestrally admixed populations are underrepresented in genetic studies of complex diseases, which are still dominated by European-descent p … omorphic in other reference populations (e.g., ∼30,000 and ∼221,000 variants in gnomAD European and Asian populations, respectively). The cohorts showed global African (51%; Bantu and San); European (26%; Northern/Western); South Asian (18%); and East Asian (5%; largely Southern regions) ancestries. The cohorts exhibited high rates of homozygosity (6%), …

Genetic admixture predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in a South African population.

Ancestrally admixed populations are underrepresented in genetic studies of complex diseases, which are still dominated by European-descent p … morphic in other reference populations (e.g., ∼30,000 and ∼ 221,000 variants in gnomAD European and Asian populations, respectively). The cohorts showed global African (51 %; Bantu and San); European (26 %; Northern/Western); South Asian (18 %); and East Asian (5 %; largely Southern regions) ancestries. The cohorts exhibited high rates of homozygosity ( …

Iodine-125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma by using Ocuprosta seeds with indigenous non-collimated plaques: Our initial experience.

PURPOSE: Brachytherapy is the gold-standard treatment for choroidal melanoma. This study evaluated iodine-125 brachytherapy by using Ocuprosta seeds with indigenous non-collimated plaques in Asian patients. METHODS: Retrospective single-center study in a tertiary care hospital of 12 eyes with choroidal melanoma in 12 Asian patients who underwent brachytherapy with Ocuprosta seeds fixed on non-collimated plaques and had a follow-up of at least 32 months (mean: 42.4 ± 9.5 months; median: 40 months). Radiotherapy was planned after developing the digital 3D model of the tumor within the eye by us…

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia: A National Perspective.

Background Recent guidelines have emphasized the use of medical management, early diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary team to effectively tre … tified. Utilization trends of these procedures were compared between races (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian and Pacific Islander, Native American, and Other). Multivariable regression assessed differences in race regarding procedure usage. There were 6 904 562 admissions involving CLI in the 14-year study period. The rate of admissions in White patients w …

Relationship between antibiotic resistance and the cagA and vacA genotypes among Helicobacter pylori strain isolates from patients in Xi'an.

The issue of drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is becoming increasingly serious. To analyze the correlation between the cagA and vacA genotypes of H. pylori strains and their resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin in patients in Xi'an, we studied 117 H. pylori strains isolated from patients in Xi'an. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of H. pylori was performed. The cagA and vacA genotypes were investigated using PCR. Among 117 strains of H. pylori, the rate of detection of cagA was 91.45% (107/117), among which the detection rate of East Asian-type cagA was 85.05% (…

Resiliency Among Women's Health Initiative Women Aged 80 and Older by Race, Ethnicity, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status.

OBJECTIVES: A comprehensive examination of resilience by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) among women aged ≥80 … Participants (n = 29,367, median age = 84.3) were White (91.4%), Black (3.7%), Hispanic (1.9%), and Asian (1.7%) women. There were no significant differences by race and ethnicity on mean resiliency scores (p = .06). Significant differences by NSES were observed regarding mean resiliency scores between those with low NSES (3.94 ± 0.83, out of 5) and hig …

Drug therapy and monitoring for inflammatory bowel disease: a multinational questionnaire investigation in Asia.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in Asia recently. The study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia. METHODS: A questionnaire investigation on drug therapy and monitoring for IBD was conducted right before the 6th Annual Meeting of Asian Organization for Crohn's & Colitis. Questionnaires were provided to Asian physicians to fill out via emails between March and May 2018. RESULTS: In total, responses of 166 physicians from 129 medical centers were included for…

Baseline characteristics of participants in the Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) Program.

OBJECTIVE: The Pre-Diabetes Interventions and Continued Tracking to Ease-out Diabetes (Pre-DICTED) Program is a diabetes prevention trial co … nty-three per cent had both IFG and IGT, 63.9% had isolated IGT, and 13.3% had isolated IFG. Ethnic Asian Indian participants were more likely to report a family history of diabetes and had a higher waist circumference, compared with Chinese and Malay participants. Women were less likely than men to meet the physical activity recommendations (≥150 min o …

Association of Preadmission Factors With Physician Assistant Student Diversity.

PURPOSE: A new physician assistant (PA) program accreditation standard requires institutional support for PA student diversity. Therefore, p … ere found to be negatively associated with percentages of African American and total non-White, non-Asian students (p < .05). Local URM racial and ethnic population demographics were shown to be positively associated with African American, Hispanic, and total non-White, non-Asian students (p < .05). Undergraduate preprofessional phase, type of instituti …

The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Surgical Risk and Outcomes Following Palatoplasty: An Analysis of the NSQIP Pediatric Database.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how race and ethnicity affect palatoplasty 30-day outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective review. PATIENTS/SETTING: The 20 … had the highest proportion of premature infants and infants with a BMI < 15% at the time of repair. Asian patients underwent palatoplasty at a later age compared to other races (12.7 months vs 11.7-12.1 months). Postoperatively, the odds of a complication were significantly higher in Asian patients (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.17-2.57) and other/unknown patie …

Early onset of immune-mediated diseases in minority ethnic groups in the UK.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of some immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) shows distinct differences between populations of different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to determine if the age at diagnosis of common IMDs also differed between different ethnic groups in the UK, suggestive of distinct influences of ethnicity on disease pathogenesis. METHODS: This was a population-based retrospective primary care study. Linear regression provided unadjusted and adjusted estimates of age at diagnosis for common IMDs within the following ethnic groups: White, South Asian, African-Caribbean and Mixed-…