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An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With thi

Advanced Technologies for Large Scale Supply of Marine Drugs.

Marine organisms represent a source of unique chemical entities with valuable biomedical potentialities, broad diversity, and complexity. It is essential to ensure a reliable and sustainable supply of marine natural products (MNPs) for their translation into commercial drugs and other valuable products. From a structural point of view and with few exceptions, MNPs of pharmaceutical importance derive from the so-called secondary metabolism of marine organisms. When production strategies rely on marine macroorganisms, harvesting or culturing coupled with extraction procedures frequently remain t

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… A particularly noteworthy feature of these compounds is the notable presence of halogen atoms, predominantly chlorine and bromine, which can be attributed to two primary factors: the high concentration of halides in the marine environment and the presence of specialized halogenating enzymes that have … The suitably protected product reacts with 2,3,5-tri- O -benzyl-1-chlorine-arabinose, ( 6 ), in a subsequent step catalyzed by trimethylsilyl fluorosulfonate to give 2-amino-6-methoxy-9-β-D-(2′,3′,5′-tri- O -benzyl-arabinosyl)purine, ( 7 ). …

Guidance for Facing Dilemmas of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Clinicians in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Iranian Consensus.

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… The virus can be effectively inactivated under conditions of 56 °C for 30 min, using ether, 75% alcohol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, and chloroform. 3 Disinfection of HSCT wards should be performed with alcohol-containing disinfectants. …

Toxicology and carcinogenesis study of chloral hydrate (ad libitum and dietary controlled) (CAS no. 302-17-0) in male B6C3F1 mice (gavage study).

UNLABELLED: [structure: see text] Chloral hydrate is used medically as a sedative or hypnotic and as a rubefacient in topical preparations, and it is often given to children as a sedative during dental and other medical procedures. Chloral hydrate is used as a central nervous system depressant and sedative in veterinary medicine and as a general anesthetic in cattle and horses. It is a byproduct of the chlorination of water and has been detected in plant effluent after the bleaching of softwood pulp. Chloral, the anhydrous form of chloral hydrate, is used as a synthetic intermediate in the pro

PCBs alter gene expression of nuclear transcription factors and other heart-specific genes in cultures of primary cardiomyocytes: possible implications for cardiotoxicity.

1. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are well-known environmental pollutants that bioaccumulate mainly in the fatty tissue of animals and humans. Although contamination occurs primarily via the food chain, waste combustion leads to airborne PCBs. From epidemiological studies, there is substantial evidence that cardiovascular disease is linked to air pollution, but little is known about the underlying molecular events. 2. We investigated the effects of Aroclor 1254, a complex mixture of >80 PCB isomers and congeners, on the expression of nuclear transcription factors (GATA-4, Nkx-2.5, MEF-2c, OC

Update on Occupational Cancer for Better Cancer Prevention and Control.

Occupational cancer remains an ongoing and emerging issue in cancer prevention and control and is more easily preventable in practice than other causes. As of 2024, changes in various aspects, such as methods for estimating the burden of cancer, evidence on novel carcinogens and classification systems, modernization of working conditions, job characteristics, occupational exposure, and societal changes have played a significant role. Furthermore, advances in technology, including wearable devices, exposome, and biomedical technology, offer more precise methods for identifying the associations

15th Report on Carcinogens.

BACKGROUND: The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that the National Toxicology … (Respirable Size); Chlorambucil; Chloramphenicol; Chlorendic Acid; Chlorinated Paraffins (C12, 60% Chlorine); Chlorodibromoacetic Acid (see Haloacetic Acids Found as Water Disinfection By-products [Selected]); 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (see Nitrosourea Chemotherapeutic Agents); 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (see …

Co-Encapsulation of Multiple Antineoplastic Agents in Liposomes by Exploring Microfluidics.

The inherent complexity of cancer proliferation and malignancy cannot be addressed by the conventional approach of relying on high doses of a single powerful anticancer agent, which is associated with poor efficacy, higher toxicity, and the development of drug resistance. Multiple drug therapy (MDT) rationally designed to target tumor heterogeneity, block alternative survival pathways, modulate the tumor microenvironment, and reduce toxicities would be a viable solution against cancer. Liposomes are the most suitable carrier for anticancer MDT due to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophil

Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures.

The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies. This comprehensive review paper delves into the impact of the exposome, which encompasses the totality of environmental exposures, on unhealthy aging. It explores how environmental factors contribute to the acceleration of aging processes, increase biological age, and facilitate the development and progression of a wide range of age-associated diseases. The impact of environmental factors on cognitive health and the development of chronic age

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… Water treatment processes often involve the use of chlorine and other disinfectants to eliminate microbial contaminants. … However, the reaction between chlorine and organic matter in water can lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) [ 138 – 140 ]. …

A Case Series of Elizabethkingia meningosepticum Bacteremia in the Cancer Population.

Elizabethkingia meningosepticum (E. meningosepticum) is a ubiquitous microorganism previously known as Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. It is emerging as a pathogen responsible for bacteremia in the immunocompromised population, particularly in cancer patients and those with a history of prolonged hospital stay and frequent instrumentations. A retrospective chart review of all cases over 10 years at the Moffitt Cancer Center showed a total of three patients with E. meningosepticum infection. The first patient (history of multiple myeloma) underwent endoscopy complicated by aspiration pneumoni

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… E. meningosepticum survives in chlorine-treated municipal water and colonizes sinks, basins, and saline solutions. It also has the propensity to colonize medical equipment, making it a significant cause of nosocomial infections in immunocompromised individuals [ 5 ]. …

Organic Nanoparticles in Progressing Cardiovascular Disease Treatment and Diagnosis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's most prominent cause of mortality, continue to be challenging conditions for patients, physicians, and researchers alike. CVDs comprise a wide range of illnesses affecting the heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through and between them. Advances in nanomedicine, a discipline focused on improving patient outcomes through revolutionary treatments, imaging agents, and ex vivo diagnostics, have created enthusiasm for overcoming limitations in CVDs' therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes. Nanomedicine can be involved in clinical purposes for CV

Developing Actively Targeted Nanoparticles to Fight Cancer: Focus on Italian Research.

Active targeting is a valuable and promising approach with which to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of nanodelivery systems, and the development of tumor-targeted nanoparticles has therefore attracted much research attention. In this field, the research carried out in Italian Pharmaceutical Technology academic groups has been focused on the development of actively targeted nanosystems using a multidisciplinary approach. To highlight these efforts, this review reports a thorough description of the last 10 years of Italian research results on the development of actively targeted nanoparticles t

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… These HA-decorated double-coated PLGA NPs have recently been further investigated for the co-delivery of DTX and photosensitizers, such as disulfonate tetraphenyl chlorin and anionic porphyrin (TPPS4), to give targeted nanotools for combined chemo- and photodynamic therapy [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. … CD44 targeting mediated by polymeric nanoparticles and combination of chlorine TPCS2a-PDT and docetaxel-chemotherapy for efficient killing of breast differentiated and stem cancer cells in vitro Cancers 2020 12 278 10.3390/cancers12020278 PMC7072409 31979218 67. Maiolino S. Moret F. Conte C. …

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Chloral Hydrate (Cas No. 302-17-0) in B6C3F1 mice (Gavage Studies).

Chloral hydrate is used medically as a sedative or hypnotic and as a rubefacient in topical preparations, and it is often given to children as a sedative during dental and other medical procedures. Chloral hydrate is used as a central nervous system depressant and sedative in veterinary medicine and as a general anesthetic in cattle and horses. It is a byproduct of the chlorination of water and has been detected in plant effluent after the bleaching of softwood pulp. Chloral, the anhydrous form of chloral hydrate, is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of insecticides and herbic

Air toxics exposure from vehicle emissions at a U.S. border crossing: Buffalo Peace Bridge Study.

The Peace Bridge in Buffalo, New York, which spans the Niagara River at the east end of Lake Erie, is one of the busiest U.S. border crossings. The Peace Bridge plaza on the U.S. side is a complex of roads, customs inspection areas, passport control areas, and duty-free shops. On average 5000 heavy-duty diesel trucks and 20,000 passenger cars traverse the border daily, making the plaza area a potential "hot spot" for emissions from mobile sources. In a series of winter and summer field campaigns, we measured air pollutants, including many compounds considered by the U.S. Environmental Protecti

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

Tetrachloroethylene is used primarily as a dry cleaning agent, an industrial solvent for fats, oils, tars, rubber, and gums, and a metal degreasing agent. Tetrachloroethylene had antihelminthic uses, particularly for hookworms (1.6-8 g/60 kg), and was formerly used in combination with some grain protectants and fumigants. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of tetrachloroethylene (99.9% pure) were conducted by inhalation exposure of groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 103 weeks. The exposure concentrations used (0, 200, or 400 ppm

Repurposing FDA approved drugs as possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 medications using ligand-based computational approaches: sum of ranking difference-based model selection.

The worldwide burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unremittingly prevailing, with more than 440 million infections and over 5.9 million deaths documented so far since the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic. The non-availability of treatment further aggravates the scenario, thereby demanding the exploration of pre-existing FDA-approved drugs for their effectiveness against COVID-19. The current research aims to identify potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs using a computational approach and repurpose them if possible. In the present study, we have

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… It was observed that the presence of aliphatic esters as implied by nROR descriptor and the presence of carbon-chlorine fragment at the topological distance 6 ( F06[C–Cl] ) accentuate the antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. … The prime features observed controlling the antiviral activity were (i) the presence of an ether linkage, (ii) the presence of electronegative atoms like chlorine and oxygen, and (iii) the presence of amino group (decreases antiviral activity). …

MPO-ANCA-Associated Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Mimicking IgG4-Related Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare and chronic clinical disease characterized by thickening of the dura mater, leading to persistent headache, cranial neuropathy, seizures, and other neurological symptoms. Immune-mediated causes, particularly antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), are among the most common etiologies. We report a case of a 54-year-old female with recurrent headache, blepharoptosis, hearing loss, and markedly elevated inflammatory markers. Blood tests, and serum levels of IgG4 were within normal ranges. Cont

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… Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed increased protein (0.84 g/L), albumin (0.38 g/L), glucose (4.52 mmol/L), along with a slightly decreased chlorine level (117.0 mmol/L). CSF immunoglobulin G was elevated at 243 mg/dL, with increased immunoglobulin A at 26.3 mg/L. …

The therapeutic potential of colchicine in oncology studies: from structural modification and targeted delivery to clinical management.

Colchicine, a classical microtubule-targeting agent (MTA), exhibits remarkable anti-tumor potential, but its clinical translation is severely restricted by a narrow therapeutic window, systemic off-target toxicity, and complex pharmacokinetic vulnerabilities. Driven by the objective of "toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement," this review comprehensively summarizes colchicine's multidimensional translational research. First, precise chemical modifications of its tricyclic scaffold and multi-site synergistic strategies are analyzed, exploring structure-activity relationship (SAR) mechanism

AL type renal amyloidosis with cardiac involvement: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Systemic amyloidosis refers to a spectrum of diseases characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloids, with commonrenal involvement; however, simultaneous involvement of cardiac amyloidosis remains rare. The purpose of this report was to enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of light chain (AL)-type renal amyloidosis with cardiovascular involvement, reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and enable timely and effective treatment for such patients. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent edema for ove

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… Electrolytes: potassium 3.97 mmol/L, sodium 142 mmol/L, chlorine 109 mmol/L, total calcium 2.21 mmol/L, phosphorus 1.16 mmol/L, bicarbonate 21 mmol/L. …

Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Following High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Pediatric Patient With Neuroblastoma.

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder most often recognized as a pulmonary manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Its occurrence following autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) is exceedingly rare, and its clinical features and prognosis remain poorly defined. We report the case of a five-year-old girl with neuroblastoma who developed BOS after high-dose chemotherapy with thiotepa and melphalan followed by auto-HSCT. Respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea, wheeze, and oxygen desatu

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… Loss of basal cells precedes bronchiolitis obliterans-like pathological changes in a murine model of chlorine gas inhalation. O'Koren EG, Hogan BL, Gunn MD. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49:788–797. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0369OC. 5. …