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Potent antiviral flavone glycosides from Ficus benjamina leaves.

Crude ethanol extracts from Ficus benjamina leaves strongly inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) as well as Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) cell infection in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract demonstrated that the most efficient inhibition of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was obtained with the flavonoid fraction. The present study was aimed to further isolate, purify and identify substances with potent antiviral activity from the flavonoid fraction of F. benjamina extracts. Flavonoids were collected from the leaf ethanol extracts through repeated purification procedure and HPL…

Central nervous system opportunistic infections.

The spectrum of opportunistic infections occurring in association with human-immunodeficiency virus, type 1, is very broad. These infections develop most frequently in the setting of advanced immunosuppression. There is no part of the neuraxis that is immune to these complications and the concurrence of more than one infectious illness may always be considered. The neuroimaging features, when coupled with the clinical and laboratory findings, often suggest the correct diagnosis and enable the physician to initiate therapy.

Aetiology of uveitis in Sierra Leone, west Africa.

BACKGROUND: In 1992, non-onchocercal uveitis caused 9% of blindness, 8% of visual impairment, and 11% of uniocular blindness among patients … (20%) and in 21 controls (21%). Other causes of uveitis were varicella zoster virus (one patient), herpes simplex virus (two patients), and HLA-B27 positive acute anterior uveitis with ankylosing spondylitis (one patient), while one patient had presumed HTLV-I uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital population in Sierra Leone, west Africa, uveitis was associated w …

Exosome-Associated Gene Network and the Role of SPP1 in Herpes Stromal Keratitis and the Therapeutic Modulation by Ursolic Acid.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the exosome-related gene network in herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) and to identify key molecular drivers, focusing on the role of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and investigating the therapeutic potential of ursolic acid (UA). METHODS: Transcriptomic RNA sequencing was performed on corneal tissues from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected mice. Bioinformatics analyses included identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), immune cell infiltration assessment, exosome-related gene network construction, functional enrichment analyses, and…

Phase-specific involvement of BDNF-TrkB signaling in HSV-1-induced herpetic pain and its transition to postherpetic neuralgia-like pain.

BACKGROUND: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition that develops following herpes zoster, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute herpetic pain to chronic pain remain unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling is implicated in central sensitization, but its role in virus-induced pain chronification is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the temporal involvement of BDNF-TrkB signaling in acute herpetic pain and in the development of PHN-like pain. METHODS: A herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)-induced mouse m…

Comparison of photobiomodulation therapy with conventional treatment in patients with herpes labialis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Herpes labialis (HL) is a common viral infection of the lips, primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type1. Although conventional treatment for HL primarily consist of antiviral agents, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has also emerged as an effective intervention. This study aims to compare PBMT with conventional treatment for HL. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted through Cochrane Library, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Dimension AI and Web of Science in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. English language RCTs reporting comparison of PBMT with conventional t…

Explore genetic susceptibility association between viral infections and Guillain-Barré syndrome risk using two-sample Mendelian randomization.

BACKGROUND: Numerous observational studies have indicated that patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) frequently had infections with va … rs. METHOD: We explored the potential correlation between HIV, SARS-CoV-2, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, and influenza virus with GBS using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. The data was derived from published summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). After removing linkag …

Clinical features of COVID-19-related encephalitis: comparison with the features of herpes virus encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis.

INTRODUCTION: Identifying coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related encephalitis without clear etiological evidence is clinically challeng … autoimmune antibody detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): COVID-19-related encephalitis (n = 36), herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSV-1 encephalitis; n = 28), human herpesvirus 3 encephalitis (HHV-3 encephalitis; n = 10), NMDAR-antibody encephalitis (n = 18), LGI1-antibody encephalitis (n = 12), and GABAB-antibody encephalitis (n = 8). RESULTS: The …

Optimization of antiviral dosing in Herpesviridae encephalitis: a promising approach to improve outcome?

BACKGROUND: Despite established antiviral therapy for herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster and cytomegalovirus encephalitis, the outcome remains poor. OBJECTIVES: To assess pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data of antiviral drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) to optimize the treatment of Herpesviridae encephalitis. SOURCES: PUBMED search 1950 to September 2024, terms (1) "encephalitis" and ("HSV" or "VZV" or "CMV") or (2) cerebrospinal and ("(val)acyclovir" or "(val)ganciclovir" or "foscarnet" or "cidofovir"). CONTENT: Antivirals against herpes viruses apparently act in…

Текущая эпидемиология инфекционного энцефалита: обзор повествования.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Инфекционный энцефалит представляет собой глобальный вызов здоровью с высокой смертностью и серьезными неврологическими последствиями для выживших жертв. Возникающие патогены и вспышки изменяют структуру болезни. ЦЕЛИ: Цель настоящего исследования заключается в понимании нынешней эпидемиологии в целях совершенствования профилактики, диагностики и лечения. ИСТОЧНИКИ: Медлин/Пубмед искали с использованием "энцефалита" и связанных с ним терминов MESH с 2020 по сентябрь 2024 года. Демографические и тематические исследования по энцефалиту были проведены без каких-либо временных ограниче

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Infectious encephalitis poses a global health challenge with high mortality and severe neurological consequences in survivors. E … nfants and older adults. Herpes viruses remain the most common causes of sporadic encephalitis with herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella zoster virus reported most frequently. In endemic regions, arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus contribute significantly to the disease burden. Climate change is adding to the spread of these …

Socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with HSV-2 sero-prevalence in high risk women in KwaZulu-Natal.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization estimates that 536 million people aged 15-49 are infected with Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), the causative agent of genital herpes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of behavioral and demographic factors that contribute to the high HSV-2 sero-prevalence among women participating in a HIV prevention trial. The Methods for Improving Reproductive Health in Africa (MIRA) study assessed the effectiveness the latex diaphragm and lubricant gel on HIV prevention among women in South Africa and Zimbabwe. At screening an interviewer admini…

Recombination of Globally Circulating Varicella-Zoster Virus.

UNLABELLED: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus, which during primary infection typically causes varicella (chicken pox) and … genetic recombination has been demonstrated to frequently occur for other human alphaherpesviruses, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, only a few ancient and isolated recent recombination events have hitherto been demonstrated for VZV. In the present study, we demonstrate that VZV also frequently undergoes genetic recombination, including strains belonging to the c …

Host nectin-1 is required for efficient Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E development.

Interaction of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) with the host cell surface during Chlamydia trachomatis/HSV co-infection stimulates chlamydiae to become persistent. During viral entry, gD interacts with one of 4 host co-receptors: HVEM (herpes virus entry mediator), nectin-1, nectin-2 and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate. HVEM and nectin-1 are high-affinity entry receptors for both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Nectin-2 mediates HSV-2 entry but is inactive for HSV-1, while 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate facilitates HSV-1, but not HSV-2, entry. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses demonstrate that HeLa …

Causative agents of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis): a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a self-limiting disorder characterized by histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in the cervical … (PCR) or in situ hybridization (ISH) were carefully retrieved. The included infectious agents were herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus (HHV) 6, 7, 8, parvovirus B19, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Brucella, and Bartonella henselae. R …

Opportunistic infections with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Several anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) antibodies have demonstrated efficacy in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis … s receiving active therapy these included eight cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, eight cases of herpes simplex infection, six cases of oral or esophageal candidiasis, six cases of herpes zoster infection, two cases of varicella-zoster virus infection, two cases of cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus infection, and one case of Nocardia infection. The RR of …

Sirolimus in chronic allograft nephropathy in pediatric recipients.

CAN is a common cause of late graft loss. Nephrotoxicity due to CNIs is known to contribute to CAN. We retrospectively evaluated the efficac … A infection; 11 patients had 13 AEs: six oral aphthous ulcers, three urinary tract infections, two herpes simplex, one lymphedema, and one nephrotic proteinuria. Significant improvement of GFR occurred in Grade I CAN group at three months from conversion and was sustained during follow-up. Those who had Grade II CAN experienced no change in GFR. The incidence o …