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Genetic and Molecular Differences in Head and Neck Cancer Based on Smoking History.

IMPORTANCE: Up to 80% of survivors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) currently or previously smoked. Thus, tobacco use is a major modifiable risk factor for HNSCC, even in the era of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease. However, how smoking underlies chromosomal and epigenetic changes that are associated with HNSCC outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To characterize genetic and molecular differences and associated biological pathways in patients with HNSCC based on smoking history. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study included patients …

Arising Mediastinal Adenocarcinoma in A Patient With A 14 Years History of Mature Teratoma.

Mature teratomas are typically benign germ cell tumours (GCT), but in rare cases, they can undergo malignant transformation. Malignant transformation of a mediastinal teratoma into adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and often poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 38-year-old male with a 14-year history of a mature mediastinal teratoma, developed a mediastinal adenocarcinoma. The patient initially underwent surgical resection of the teratoma, with no evidence of malignancy at that time. Over the years, the patient remained asymptomatic until the recent onset of cough, prompting further i…

Hair testing for investigating intake and use history of hypnotics in the forensic field.

PURPOSE: Hair testing for drugs has been used extensively in the forensic field since the 1990s, primarily in cases involving abused drugs s … esting. CONCLUSIONS: Hair testing is an effective means for proving drug intake and estimating use history, particularly in cases where there is a delay in reporting the incident. The interpretation of results must account for various factors, such as the chemical structures of drugs, incorporation pathways, and hair dyeing.

Probing Modulation of Attentional Correlates with Aerobic Exercise in Individuals with a History of Concussion.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Concussions have been associated with deficits in attentional control. The current work examined whether attentional correlates could be enhanced following acute aerobic exercise in those with a history of concussion (CH). METHODS: EEG was collected as participants completed a flanker task to evoke stimulus-locked (N2, P3) and response-locked error-related (ERN, Pe) ERPs, before and after participants completed a bout of acute aerobic exercise at moderate intensity. Conflict was modulated with distance (close/far) and congruency (incongruent/congruent) of the distractor…

Tracing the evolutionary history of the CCR5delta32 deletion via ancient and modern genomes.

The chemokine receptor variant CCR5delta32 is linked to HIV-1 resistance and other conditions. Its evolutionary history and allele frequency (10%-16%) in European populations have been extensively debated. We provide a detailed perspective of the evolutionary history of the deletion through time and space. We discovered that the CCR5delta32 allele arose on a pre-existing haplotype consisting of 84 variants. Using this information, we developed a haplotype-aware probabilistic model to screen 934 low-coverage ancient genomes and traced the origin of the CCR5delta32 deletion to at least 6,700 yea…

History of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

The incidence of dementia, and specifically, Alzheimer's disease, is higher in women than men, even in middle age, making it possible to rule out lifespan differences between men and women as a contributing factor. Thus, it is plausible that pregnancy experience, which is unique to women, may play a contributing role. In this review, we discuss the different hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), Alzheimer's and vascular dementia, clinical, epidemiological, and preclinical studies that link a history of HDP with dementia. We also present potential mechanisms linking HDP, Alzheimer's, and v…

Perinatal Outcomes in Mexican Women with a History of Myomectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background/Objectives: Myomectomy is the preferred treatment for women with uterine fibroids who desire to preserve their fertility. This study aimed to compare perinatal outcomes between Mexican women with and without a history of myomectomy, matched in a 1:2 ratio based on maternal age and parity. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving women with and without a history of myomectomy who received prenatal care and delivered at a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City. Women with comorbidities such as pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, autoimmune diseases, neph…

Association between prolactin and history of stress fracture in elite sprinters and jumpers.

To investigate the risk factor for stress fractures and the characteristics of the laboratory data in eumenorrheic female track and field athletes competing at an elite level. Elite eumenorrheic sprinters and jumpers were recruited. Bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, 25-OH Vitamin D, and hormones, including prolactin and free testosterone were measured. Total of 84 high school and collegiate athletes were enrolled in the study and among them, 33 athletes had a history of stress fractures during or after high school. Their personal background, bone mineral density, bone metabolism m…

Incidental Adrenal Mass in a Patient With a Known History of Neurofibromatosis: A Case Report.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), formerly known as von Recklinghausen disease, is the most common clinical phenotype of neurofibromatosis. Au … hes, the patient reported episodic heat intolerance with feelings of overheating. Given her medical history, physical exam findings, and imaging results, pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma was strongly suspected. Endocrinology referral was advised; however, the patient did not complete this consultation at the time of this report. Consequently, …

The ocular shape and retinal structure in children with a history of treated retinopathy of prematurity.

This study compared the retinal structure between the eyes of children with a history of treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), spontaneously regressed ROP and full-term children using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and swept-source OCT (SSOCT). We identified patients who were diagnosed with ROP and followed up. Age-matched full-term controls were also recruited. We reviewed the medical records of 34 ROP eyes (34 patients) treated with laser photocoagulation, 5 spontaneously regressed ROP eyes (5 patients), and 15 age-matched full-term controls (15 control eyes). …

Long-Term Persistence of Glycemic Dysregulation in Patients With a History of Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma.

CONTEXT: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare endocrine tumors that frequently produce catecholamines. Catecholamine-induce … index (BMI), were assessed in patients with PPGL at diagnosis and during follow-up. Patients with a history of resected PPGL were compared to a control group with nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas from the ENS@T registry. RESULTS: Patients with a present PPGL or a history of PPGL (n = 188), a metastatic PPGL (n = 27), or a known susceptibility gene pathoge …

[History and Current Status of Direct or Combined Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease].

We reviewed the history and development of revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease, particularly STA-MCA bypass. In the early stages, medical treatments, such as vasodilators, were ineffective. In the 1970s, indirect surgical methods were introduced but have shown limited success. Direct bypass techniques have evolved with advancements in microsurgery, and STA-MCA bypass has become the standard treatment. Surgery improves the collateral blood flow and reduces the risk of stroke, especially in patients with ischemia. Despite being generally safe, perioperative complications, such as cere…

Open cholecystectomy via liver evisceration with a history of neonatal malrotation and omphalocele.

With the growth of laparoscopy, open cholecystectomies are often reserved for exceedingly inflamed and difficult gallbladders. We present a case of a patient in her 70s with a history of malrotation and omphalocele requiring silo management with recurrent admissions for acute cholecystitis. She had failed a prior laparoscopic converted to open attempt at cholecystectomy. She presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and Computed Tomography (CT) showing numerous anomalies. She was taken to the operating room where her liver was mobilised and eviscerated out of the abdomen; gallbladder …

Towards a complex ecology: an essay on plague history in Brazil (1890s-1970s).

This paper offers a periodization of the history of plague in Brazil. It is based on the ways in which experts and public health officers framed the disease, the elements they considered responsible for its spread, and changes in these elements over time. In accordance with this periodization, the article first argues that the ecology of plague became progressively more complex in the 20th century, suggesting the rise of a more ecological-oriented view among Brazilian doctors. It then proposes that political and institutional transformations also shaped this intellectual change in the epidemio…

Не только в уме: случай неврологического падения в молодом взрослом возрасте с психиатрической историей.

35-летний мужчина, страдающий шизофренией и слабому обучению, был представлен в отделение скорой помощи с четырехдневной историей левосторонней онемения и проблем с двигателем, описывая свою руку как "не получающую сигналов от своего мозга". За последние несколько месяцев у него возникла прогрессивная неустойчивость, частые падения и значительная потеря веса. Несмотря на эти неврологические красные флаги, его психиатрическая история первоначально перекосила клиническое подозрение в функциональную или психогенную причину. По оценке, он был осторожен, но слегка дезориентирован на время. Невролог

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A 35-year-old man with a background of schizophrenia and mild learning disability presented to the emergency department with a four-day history of left-sided numbness and fine motor difficulties, describing his hand as "not getting signals from his brain." Over the preceding few months, he had developed progressive unsteadiness, frequent falls, and significa…

Каннабиноиды в условиях хронической боли: обзор истории, эффективности, применения и рисков.

Справочная информация/цели: Хроническая боль по-прежнему является широко распространенной и сложной проблемой в области здравоохранения, которая зачастую является устойчивой к обычным методам лечения, таким, как опиоиды, которые сопряжены со значительным риском зависимости и неблагоприятных последствий. Каннабиноиды, биоактивные соединения, полученные на заводе Cannabis Sativa, и их синтетические аналоги стали потенциальной альтернативой обезболиванию, используя их взаимодействие с эндоканнабиноидной системой для модуляции боли и воспаления. Методы: Были рассмотрены и обобщены нынешняя, развив

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Background/Objectives: Chronic pain remains a pervasive and challenging public health issue, often resistant to conventional treatments such … d system to modulate pain and inflammation. Methods: The current, evolving literature regarding the history, efficacy, applications, and safety of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic pain was reviewed and summarized to provide the most current review of cannabinoids. Results: Evidence suggests that cannabinoids provide moderate efficacy in managing n …

Natural history and surgical treatment of a giant colonic diverticulum: A case report.

BACKGROUND: While diverticular disease is prevalent in the West, the formation of giant colonic diverticula is rare. To date, approximately 200 cases have been reported, with only a handful treated surgically using a minimally invasive approach. Furthermore, the natural history of giant colonic diverticula is not well documented. CASE SUMMARY: This report describes the case of a 66-year-old man who developed a giant colonic diverticulum with primary symptoms including dull and chronic pain in the right lower quadrant at presentation. The patient had undergone several computed tomography scans…