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Keyword Index for Volume 111

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Health Risks from Microplastics in Intravenous Infusions: Evidence from Italy, Spain, and Ecuador.

The rising incidence of microplastics (MPs) is a possible health risk to humans. The present study aims to analyze the presence of MPs in intravenous (IV) infusions and compare MP concentrations from multiple brands. The IV solutions of 29 medical devices (IV-MDs) from seven brands commercialized in Ecuador, Spain, and Italy have been selected under specific consideration to carry out the study. The detection of MPs has been quite obvious in almost all of the samples from brands in the mentioned countries. MP concentrations ranged from 9 to 20 MPs/L in glass containers to 166-299 MPs/L in plas

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… According to toxicological studies, exposure to OPEs has been associated with a number of negative implications, including neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, toxicity to the liver and kidneys, and the risk of cancer (especially from chlorinated OPEs like Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate or TDCPP … MP Type | Potential Risk | Reasoning PVC | High | Contains harmful substances that can cause chlorine release, like phthalates (i.e., plasticizer), which are endocrine disruptors PS | High | It is easily fragmented into NPs, can induce oxidative stress, cell damage, inflammation SBR | Moderate-High | …

Cancer prevention programmes in Mexico: are we doing enough?

Cancer has increased in all the countries of the world and Mexico is no exception. The recognised risk factors for the main types of cancer are reviewed and searched through the Mexican government web pages and cancer prevention programmes to tackle the risk factors in the population. The Mexican government, a member of the World Health Organization, shows that the main approach is an early diagnosis rather than prevention, forgetting that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure. Effective public programmes should be promoted to reduce preventable risk factors in the population (

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… Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are aromatic compounds containing one to ten chlorine atoms attached to a biphenyl nucleus. They are used in electrical equipment (capacitors, transformers and ballasts). … Dioxins and Furans are compounds formed as byproducts of incineration from the production of chlorinated herbicides. The most toxic dioxin is the congener 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and animal studies show that it is carcinogenic [ 124 , 125 , 32 , 33 ]. …

Идентификация NLRP3PYD Homo-Oligomerization Inhibitors с антивоспалительной активностью.

Инфламасомы представляют собой многопротеиновые комплексы, которые представляют собой важнейшие элементы подстрекательской реакции. Регулирование дискриминированного комплекса NLRP3 инфламасома связано с патогенезом таких заболеваний, как множественный склероз, тип 2 сахарный диабет, болезнь Альцгеймера и рак. Несмотря на наличие молекулярных ингибиторов, специфичных для различных компонентов воспламенительных комплексов, в настоящее время ни о каких ингибиторах не сообщается конкретно для NLRP3PYD гомо-олигомеризации. В настоящем исследовании мы описываем идентификацию QM380 и QM381 в качеств

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… Figure 3 illustrates the participating residues in binding sites for QM380 and QM381; both charged residues (e.g., Lys and Asp) or polar residues (e.g., Gln and Thr) surround both ligands possibly due to the electronegative atoms (fluorine and chlorine) or amine, ether, and hydroxyl functional groups …

Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachloroethane (CAS No. 76-01-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study).

A carcinogenesis bioassay of technical grade pentachloroethane (95.5% pure, with 4.2% hexachloroethane) was conducted by administering the test chemical in corn oil by gavage to groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/ N rats at doses of 75 or 150 mg/ kg body weight and to groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice at doses of 250 or 500 mg/ kg. (Pentachloroethane is a solvent that was used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of tetrachloroethylene.) Doses were administered for 103 weeks for rats and 41-103 weeks for mice. Groups of 50 rats and 50 mice of each sex received corn oil b

Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacological Properties of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum): A Systematic Review.

BackgroundShallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a traditional plant species used throughout the world both for culinary purposes and as a folk remedy. To date (i.e., April 2022), there is no report on the main pharmacological activities exerted by shallot preparations and/or extracts.Scope and approachThe aim of this study was to comprehensively review the pharmacological activities exerted by shallot, with rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the scientific rigor of studies. Prisma guidelines were followed to perform the literature search.Key findings and conclusionsThe literature

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… P : bulb | ( 61 ) | E : 9.59–10.31 mg GAE/g dw | E (chlorine solution; 3:1; 1 min) >> F (sieve; 60 min) >> 38% ( w / w ) in Keang-hleung paste | Hatyai, Songkhla province, Thailand | PN : shallot BN : A. ascalonicum L. … Conservor F1, Bonilla F1 and Matador F1 P: bulb | ( 68 ) | E : 11.76–19.13 mg GAE/g dw | E (chlorine solution; 3:1; 1 min) >> F (sieve; 60 min) >> 38% ( w / w ) in Keang-hleung paste PC : NA | Hatyai, Songkhla province, Thailand | PN : shallot BN : A. ascalonicum L. …

Изучение воздействия программы ухода за больными на основе эффективности, интегрированной со стратегиями вмешательства в области питания, на результаты лечения нескольких больных миеломой с почечной неполноценностью.

ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение воздействия схемы ухода за больными на основе теории эффективности в сочетании с пищевым вмешательством на пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ), связанной с почечной недостаточностью. МЕТОДЫ: Ninety-two Пациенты с MM были осложнены почечной недостаточностью в нашей больнице с апреля 2022 по апрель 2024 были произвольно разделены на контрольную группу (46 :: случаи с использованием традиционных медицинских сестер) и наблюдательной группы46 - случаи с использованием схемы ухода за больными, основанной на теории эффективности, в сочетании с мерами в области питания). Показатели

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… Cleaned surfaces, furniture, and floors daily using chlorine-containing disinfectant. Restricted visitor access and delivered weekly infection control education. 4. Condition monitoring: Recorded vital signs hourly, fluid balance, and body weight daily. …

Adefovir dipivoxil-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and osteoporosis: a case report and literature review.

The nephrotoxicity of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) can induce Fanconi syndrome, which causes hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. We report a case of a 67-year-old postmenopausal woman who had been receiving long-term adefovir dipivoxil therapy for chronic hepatitis B. She presented with severe bone pain and multiple pseudofractures, and was diagnosed with drug-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. Following discontinuation of adefovir and supplementation with vitamin D and phosphate, her biochemical parameters normalized and bone pain significantly improved, indicating that osteomalacia had been essen

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… K, Potassium; Na, Sodium; Cl, Chlorine; Total Ca, Total Calcium; P, Phosphorus; Mg, Magnesium; Cr, Creatinine; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; B-ALP, Bone alkaline phosphatase; HCO 3 - ,Bicarbonate (from blood gas analysis);PTH, Parathyroid Hormone; 25(OH)D, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; β -CTX, C-terminal telopeptide …

Биологическая роль мономеров традиционной китайской медицины в нейронных расстройствах.

Традиционная китайская медицина (TCM) является биоактивным соединением, извлекаемым из китайских травяных лекарственных препаратов, обладающих определенной биологической активностью и фармакологическими последствиями, и привлекла большое внимание к лечению нейронных заболеваний. Однако применение мономеров ТХМ ограничено их низкой растворимостью и низкой способностью пересекать барьер кровеносного мозга (ББД). Экзосомы представляют собой небольшие внеклеточные везикли (ЭМ) диаметром от 30 до 150 нм и могут использоваться в качестве носителей наркотиков, которые непосредственно предназначены дл

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachloroanisole (CAS No. 1825-21-4) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).

Pentachloroanisole is a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely distributed at low levels in the environment and in food products. Formation of pentachloroanisole in the environment may result from the degradation of structurally related, commercially important, ubiquitous chlorinated aromatic compounds such as pentachlorophenol and pentachloronitrobenzene which are known rodent toxins or carcinogens. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering pentachloroanisole (>99% pure) in corn oil by gavage to groups of male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice for 16 da

Marine Natural Products with Activities against Prostate Cancer: Recent Discoveries.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, with over 52,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Diagnostics and early treatment are potentially hindered by variations in screening protocols, still largely reliant on serum levels of acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, with tumour diagnosis and grading relying on histopathological examination. Current treatment interventions vary in terms of efficacy, cost and severity of side effects, and relapse can be aggressive and resistant to the current standard of care. For these reasons, the scientific community is looking for new chemoth

Доклад по делу: Выяснение роли генетических аномалий в миэломатном плевральном эффюляции: случай с несколькими миеломами типа IgG Lambda.

A 73-year-old Мужчина с многократной миеломой, с постепенно ухудшающейся болью в левом плече, которая не реагировала на консервативное управление. После проведения всеобъемлющих диагностических процедур, включая съемку и генетическое тестирование, у него был диагностирован множественный миэлома типа IgG Lambda, осложненный развитием миэломатного плеврального эффюля (MPE). Лечение пациента состояло из сочетания химиотерапии PDD, включая Бортезомиб, Доксорубицин и Дексаметазон, наряду с адъюнктивными терапиями, направленными на контроль плевральной эфлуции. Оценка после обработки выявила разреше

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… Electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, chlorine) were essentially normal, but levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were slightly elevated, likely related to bone destruction, another common clinical manifestation in these patients. …

C

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Преобразование фотоэнергетики в наноматериалах для точной терапостики.

Быстро развивающаяся область тераностистики направлена на интеграцию терапевтических и диагностических функций в единую платформу для точной медицины, позволяющую одновременно лечить и контролировать болезни. Наноматериалы, основанные на преобразовании фотоэнергии, стали разносторонней платформой, использующей уникальные свойства света для активации тераностистики с высокой пространственной и временной точностью. В настоящем обзоре содержится всеобъемлющий обзор последних изменений в области преобразования фотоэнергетики с использованием наноматериалов с уделением особого внимания их применени

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… First‐generation photosensitizers (like Photofrin) faced limitations of poor water solubility, prolonged photosensitivity, and suboptimal absorption profiles. [ 176 ] Although second‐generation photosensitizers (such as chlorine and phthalocyanines) have improved NIR absorption and singlet oxygen yields … Zeng et al. reported a NIR‐II PAI‐guided biomimetic oxygen delivery system (BLICP@O 2 ) integrating multiple components within thermosensitive liposomes, including IR1048 as the NIR‐II photothermal agent, perfluorohexane (PFH) as the oxygen carrier, chlorin e6 as the photosensitizer, and cancer cell …

COVID-19: A 2020 update

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… be adjusted secondary to clinical judgment with significant regard for hemodynamic status. [ 8 ] Viable virus particles were detected at 72 h on most surfaces, with longer viability detected on stainless steel and plastic. [ 7 , 9 ] Household disinfectants, particularly those containing ethanol and chlorine …

Radionuclide-labelled nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy: a review.

Radionuclide therapy (RT) is widely used to advanced local cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited to the radiation resistance of cancer cells. Combination therapy aims to circumvent tumor resistance, and the combination of RT with photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CMT), and immunotherapy has shown promising treatment outcomes. Nanotechnology holds promise in advancing combination therapy by integrating multiple therapies on a nanostructure platform. This is due to the increased surface area, passive/active targeting capabilities, high payload

Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Recent Advances.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an elevated synthesis of the cytochromes P450 family of enzymes responsible for drug

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… In a recent study, HA-coated NPs loaded with docetaxel (DTX) and photosensitizer meso-tetraphenyl chlorine disulfonate (TPCS) showed a growth inhibition of breast cancer CSCs, compared to HA-mediated monotherapy [ 60 ]. 3.9. … CD44 Targeting Mediated by Polymeric Nanoparticles and Combination of Chlorine TPCS2a-PDT and Docetaxel-Chemotherapy for Efficient Killing of Breast Differentiated and Stem Cancer Cells In Vitro Cancers 2020 12 278 10.3390/cancers12020278 PMC7072409 31979218 61. Gao J. Liu J. Xie F. Lu Y. Yin C. …

Novel therapeutic strategies targeting resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies: from BCL2 inhibition to immunomodulatory approaches.

BACKGROUND: Hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM), are characterized by high relapse rates due to intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Resistance mechanisms often involve dysregulation of apoptosis pathways, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family overexpression, and immune evasion through microenvironment modulation. PURPOSE: This review synthesizes recent advances (2020-2025) in therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms, focusing on BCL2 inhibition and immunomodul

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… malignancies) | Relevant Clinical Trials: • NCT05024045 :A Phase 1 Study of Oral LOXO-338, a Selective BCL-2 Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Malignancies Chemical structure diagram of LP-108, a BCL-2 inhibitor, featuring a complex arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine … The structure contains multiple hexagonal and pentagonal rings with various atoms, including nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine. | Amgen | • Highest Stage: Phase I (Terminated) | Relevant Clinical Trials: • NCT03465540 :A Phase 1 Open-label Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and …

Shellfish and residual chemical contaminants: hazards, monitoring, and health risk assessment along French coasts.

In this review, we address the identification of residual chemical hazards in shellfish collected from the marine environment or in marketed shellfish. Data, assembled on the concentration of contaminants detected, were compared with the appropriate regulatory and food safety standards. Moreover, data on human exposure and body burden levels were evaluated in the context of potential health risks.Shellfish farming is a common industry along European coasts. The primary types of shellfish consumed in France are oysters, mussels, king scallops, winkles,whelks, cockles, clams, and other scallops.

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dimethylvinyl Chloride (1-Chloro-2-Methylpropene) (CAS No. 513-37-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).

Dimethylvinyl chloride is a clear colorless liquid, which, because of its volatility and flammability at room temperature, is a significant fire hazard. It has a boiling point of 68.1 degrees C (155 degrees F) and a density at 20 degrees C of 0.919 g/ml. Dimethylvinyl chloride is a byproduct in the production of 3-chloro-2-methylpropene by the chlorination of isobutene. It is not known to be produced in the United States for other than laboratory purposes. This chemical was nominated for toxicologic studies because of its reported presence in ambient air in the Baltimore area and was selected