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Association of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors With Neurologic Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

ImportanceNeurologic adverse events (NAEs) due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be fatal but are underexplored.ObjectiveTo compare NAEs reported in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of US Food and Drug Administration-approved ICIs with other forms of chemotherapy and placebo.Data sourcesBibliographic databases (Embase, Ovid, MEDLINE, and Scopus data) and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from inception through March 1, 2020.Study selectionPhase II/III RCTs evaluating the use of ICIs were eligible for inclusion. Unpublished trials were excluded from the analysis.Data

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… Encephalopathy | 7 | 14 (0.6) | 2 (0.1) | 2 | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 2 | 1 (0.26) | 1 (0.4) CVA | 5 | 17 (0.9) | 11 (0.9) | 1 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 2 | 6 (0.69) | 6 (1.0) Seizures | 4 | 14 (0.9) | 4 (0.4) | 1 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 2 | 6 (0.78) | 3 (0.5) GBS | 5 | 5 (0.3) | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 2 | 2 (0.2) | 0 Cranial nerve VII paresis …

Диагностика амиотропического бокового склероза: до настоящего времени.

Амиотрофический боковой склероз (ALS) — прогрессивное нейродегенеративное заболевание, характеризующееся постепенной потерей верхних и нижних моторных нейронов и их путей, обычно без воздействия на экстракулярные и сфинктерные мышцы. Причины этого заболевания пока не известны. Это цепь последующих событий, заканчивающихся запрограммированной клеточной смертью в селективных нейронных поднаселениях. Прогнозы на выживание довольно коротки с медианой 2 в адрес 4 Годы. Выживание может быть продлено на основе оперативной диагностики, подтипа ALS и надлежащего управления с помощью поддерживающего леч

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… The involvement of UMN is manifested by spastic paresis, light reflexes with a small amplitude and, following a more detailed examination, a reduced threshold of myotatic reflexes, often in markedly atrophied muscles. EMG is used to detect lesions of LMN. …

Viruses

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… System Meningoencephalitis Vasculitis with fever, headache, nausea/vomiting, photophobia, impaired consciousness, seizures, focal neurologic deficits Polyradiculopathy Hyporeflexia, limb weakness, parasthesias and possibly sensory loss, myelitis [ 40 ] Guillain–Barré syndrome Progressive ascending paresis … System Meningoencephalitis | Vasculitis with fever, headache, nausea/vomiting, photophobia, impaired consciousness, seizures, focal neurologic deficits Polyradiculopathy | Hyporeflexia, limb weakness, parasthesias and possibly sensory loss, myelitis [ 40 ] Guillain–Barré syndrome | Progressive ascending paresis …

Р

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… It may be displaced and come to lie above the epiglottis, due either to hypoplasia of the epiglottis or paresis of the soft palate. midline defect of p. see cleft lip. p. reflexes swallowing caused by stimulation of the palate. palatine, palatal pertaining to the palate. See also palate . … See also obturator paralysis. partial p. see paresis . peripheral nerve p. the part deprived of its peripheral nerve supply shows flaccid paralysis, absence of spinal reflexes, muscle atrophy, and a subnormal temperature. postcalving p. see maternal obstetric paralysis. posterior p. paralysis of the …

Гастродин поощряет миелиогенез CNS и смягчает демиелионирующее повреждение путем активации сигнала PI3K/AKT/mTOR.

Демиелинция является общей особенностью многочисленных неврологических расстройств, включая множественный склероз и лейкодистрофию. Хотя миелин может быть регенерирован самопроизвольно после травмы, этот процесс зачастую является неадекватным, что может привести к нейродегенерации и обострению неврологической дисфункции. Ряд наркотиков, направленных на содействие дифференциации клеток-прекурсоров олигодендроцитов (ОПК), привели к неудовлетворительным клиническим последствиям. В одном из недавних исследований стратегия дифференциации в пользу ОПС была переориентирована на укрепление миелиногене

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… Clinical EAE scores were examined daily in a blind manner on a scale of 0–5 as follows: 0, no clinical signs; 1, paralyzed tail; 2, paresis; 3, paraplegia; 4, paraplegia with forelimb weakness or paralysis; and 5, moribund state or death. …

Характеристики контроля за Pelvic во время статического равновесия у пациентов с множественным склерозом: исследование на основе новинок-сенсоров.

Фон/цели: Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным и нейродегенеративным заболеванием центральной нервной системы. Повреждения MS могут влиять на мотор, сенсорные и зрительные нервы, что приводит к нарушению равновесия, мышечному натяжению и боли. Вышеупомянутое может существенно повлиять на качество жизни. В этой связи необходимо использовать объективные методы функциональной оценки для установления баланса и выявления расстройств, связанных с походкой, у пациентов, имеющих MS. Цель исследования заключалась в оценке функционального состояния и качества жизни людей с множественным ск

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… Additionally, respondents observed numbness, depression, superficial sensation disorders, sphincter disorders, sleep disorders, stiffness, spasms, paresis and nystagmus, strength disorders, and intention tremor. Balance disorders were reported by 13% and 40% as very frequent and frequent. …

Ferret coronavirus-associated diseases.

A novel coronavirus of ferrets was first described in 1993. This coronavirus caused an enteric disease called epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE). Recently, a ferret systemic coronavirus (FRSCV)-associated disease was discovered. This new systemic disease resembles the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and has been reported in the United States and Europe. This article addresses the clinical signs, pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this ferret FIP-like disease.

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… Signs of central nervous system disease include hind limb paresis or paraparesis, ataxia, tremors, and seizures. Animals may present with primary neurologic disease, including head tilt and seizure activity. …

Review of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Children with Malignancy.

A paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) is a set of symptoms and signs that can accompany the formation of a cancer but is not due to its direct infiltration or metastasis. PNS results from the secretion of peptides or hormones by tumor cells or from an immunological cross-reaction between the tumor antigens and host antigens. In the adult population, PNS affects up to 15% of patients with cancer, but data on pediatric patients remain lacking. The remarkable fact is that PNS can precede an oncology diagnosis, even by months or years. PNS can involve virtually any organ of the human body. In children,

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… Ophthalmological Syndromes In addition to the aforementioned OMS syndrome, with rapid, involuntary eye movements in all directions of high frequency and large amplitude, anti-Ma2 inflammation, with which eye movement abnormalities such as nystagmus and vertical paresis are characteristic, and anti-NMDA …

Chronic dysimmune neuropathies: Beyond chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

The spectrum of chronic dysimmune neuropathies has widened well beyond chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Pure motor (multifocal motor neuropathy), sensorimotor with asymmetrical involvement (multifocal acquired demylinating sensory and motor neuropathy), exclusively distal sensory (distal acquired demyelinating sensory neuropathy) and very proximal sensory (chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy) constitute the variants of CIDP. Correct diagnosis of these entities is of importance in terms of initiation of appropriate therapy as well as prognostication of these patients. T

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… Chronic paresis and muscle atrophy may not recover satisfactorily after IVIg application in most of the cases. …

Imiglucerase in the treatment of Gaucher disease: a history and perspective.

The scientific and therapeutic development of imiglucerase (Cerezyme(®)) by the Genzyme Corporation is a paradigm case for a critical examination of current trends in biotechnology. In this article the authors argue that contemporary interest in treatments for rare diseases by major pharmaceutical companies stems in large part from an exception among rarities: the astonishing commercial success of Cerezyme. The fortunes of the Genzyme Corporation, latterly acquired by global giant Sanofi SA, were founded on the evolution of a blockbuster therapy for a single but, as it turns out, propitious ul

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… Patients with acute neuronopathic Gaucher disease have been classified as type 2 Gaucher disease; there is an early onset of bulbar paresis, cranial nerve palsies, opisthotonus, spastic paresis with variable hepatosplenomegaly, and usually mild hematological abnormalities. …

Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Advances and Future Perspectives in Immunopathogenesis and Management.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are immune-mediated disorders caused by an antitumor response that cross-reacts with the nervous system, leading to severe and often irreversible neurological disability. Once considered exceedingly rare, PNSs are now increasingly recognized owing to the identification of novel neural autoantibodies, wider use of commercial testing, and the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related neurotoxicity that phenotypically overlaps with classic PNS. In this narrative review, we performed a structured search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Sci

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… Similarly, Kobak reported an unusual case of prostate cancer presenting with paraneoplastic peroneal paresis and chronic monoarthritis, which resolved following tumor resection [ 29 ]. 4. Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of PNS is complex and involves a breach of immune tolerance to neural antigens. …

Emergency Care

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A novel targeted lung denervation multi-polar radiofrequency ablation system for moderate to severe COPD patients: a translational study.

BACKGROUND: Disruption of parasympathetic pulmonary nerves, which release acetylcholine and trigger airway smooth muscle constriction, has been shown to improve lung function and alleviate symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the current targeted lung denervation (TLD) mono-polar radiofrequency (RF) ablation system has the potential for structural improvement to enhance the generalizability and safety of the TLD procedure. OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel TLD multi-polar RF ablation for COPD treatment and evaluate its feasibility, safety, and efficacy.

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… During the follow-up period, no deaths and no signs of esophageal nerve damage (such as gastric paresis) were observed. At one month post-TLD, all patients received bronchoscopy examinations. …

Adenosine A2A receptor-mediated interactions between Th1+ T cells and the choroid plexus epithelium via IFN-γ signalling control T-Cell infiltration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND: Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists have been consistently demonstrated to protect against multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology, but A2AR knockout (A2AR-/-) mice exhibit exacerbated immune injury, raising concerns regarding the use of A2AR antagonists for MS treatment. Here, we revealed the critical involvement of A2AR-mediated interactions between Th1+ T cells and the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium in the pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: We assessed the effects of A2AR knockout on ChP gateway activity and the interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-secr

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… For each limb, 0 represents no signs, 1 represents weak or altered gait, 2 represents paresis, while a score of 3 reflects a fully paralyzed limb. The EAE score for each mouse is the sum of the scores for the tail and all four limbs. …

The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies: multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemia.

Increasing knowledge concerning the biology of hematologic malignancies as well as the role of the immune system in the control of these diseases has led to the development and approval of immunotherapies that are resulting in impressive clinical responses. Therefore, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a hematologic malignancy Cancer Immunotherapy Guidelines panel consisting of physicians, nurses, patient advocates, and patients to develop consensus recommendations for the clinical application of immunotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemi

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… MM patients may have significant immune paresis in terms of both humoral and cellular immunity, which may also be impacted by prior therapies [ 95 ]. Detection of MRD is emerging as an important parameter and further research is needed to fully integrate MRD testing in the management of myeloma. … The nature of preexisting immune paresis may impact the response to immune therapies and should be considered in trial design [ 95 ]. …

Predicting chemotherapy toxicity in multiple myeloma: the prognostic value of pre-treatment serum cytokine levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor.

IntroductionMultiple Myeloma (MM), a prevalent hematological malignancy, poses significant treatment challenges due to varied patient responses and toxicities to chemotherapy. This study investigates the predictive value of pretreatment serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for chemotherapy-induced toxicities in newly diagnosed MM patients. We hypothesized that these cytokines, pivotal in the tumor microenvironment, might correlate with the incidence and severity of treatment-related

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… polyneuropathies, thromboembolic events, diarrhea, constipation, and other less frequent (reported in the article as “Other toxicities”): acute kidney damage, epistaxis, electrolyte disturbances, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, hyperglycemia, mental disorders, oedemas, cardiological disorders, arrhythmias, paresis …

Hematology

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… conditions —acute infectious disease, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, acute respiratory disease, stroke, rheumatic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer clinical characteristic —previous venous thromboembolism, older age (especially >75), recent surgery or trauma, immobility or paresis … WELL’S CRITERIA FOR DVT —alternative diagnosis more or as likely (−2), recent paralysis/paresis/plaster immobilization (+1), recent bedridden >3 days or major surgery <4 weeks (+1), localized tenderness along deep venous system (+1), calf swelling by more than 3 cm at 10 cm below tibial tuberosity ( …

Italian Real-Life Experience of Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Treated with Patisiran.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a multisystemic, rare, inherited, progressive and adult-onset disease, affecting the sensorimotor nerves, heart, autonomic function and other organs. The actual scenario of pharmaceutical approaches for ATTRv amyloidosis includes five main groups: TTR stabilizers, TTR mRNA silencers, TTR fibril disruptors, inhibitor of TTR fibril seeding and gene therapy. Patisiran is a small, double-stranded interfering RNA encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle, able to penetrate into hepatocytes, where it selectively targets TTR mRNA, reducing TTR production. We

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… Fibrolaryngoscopy showed a vocal cords paresis and signs of gastroesophageal reflux. Echocardiography showed an EF value of 45%, a reduced systolic function, a I degree diastolic dysfunction and a mild pericardiac effusion. The NT-proBNP value was 1682 pg/mL. …

Particularities of Neurological Manifestations in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Need for a Multidisciplinary Approach-A Narrative Review.

ATL is a rare but a highly aggressive T-cell neoplasm associated with human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a oncogenic retrovirus responsible for the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), but also for other non-malignant diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 has a higher prevalence in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, intertropical Africa, Romania, and northern Iran. ATL patients can have an extensive spectrum of neurological manifestations. Numerous factors can be i…

Болезни Увечье с возрастом в экспериментальной модели множественного склероза: роль иммунозенсии.

Начавшийся множественный склероз (MS) у пожилых людей соотносится с более высоким риском развития первичных прогрессивных MS, ускорения перехода к вторичным прогрессивным MS и увеличения накопления инвалидности. Это явление может быть связано с возрастными изменениями в иммунной системе: с возрастом иммунная система проходит процесс, называемый иммунной сенсацией, который характеризуется снижением функции как врожденной, так и адаптивной иммунной реакции. Такое снижение может привести к снижению способности контролировать воспаление и восстанавливать поврежденные ткани. Кроме того, пожилые люд

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… Mice were weighed and examined daily for neurological signs in a blinded manner using the following criteria: 0, no clinical signs; 0.5, partial paresis of tail; 1, paralysis of whole tail; 2, mild paraparesis of one or both hind limbs; 2.5, severe paraparesis or paraplegia of hind limbs; 3, mild tetraparesis …