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The emergence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Eastern and Southern Africa as a serious agricultural problem and public health risk.

Pig production has increased significantly in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region during the past decade, especially in rural, reso … thern highlands district of Mbulu and a prevalence range of 5.1-16.9% in the southern highlands. In Kenya recent surveys in the southwestern part of the country where smallholder pig keeping is popular indicate that 10-14% of pigs are positive for cysticercosis by lingual examination. Uganda has the most pigs in Eastern Africa, most of which are kept un …

[Present status of an arbovirus infection: yellow fever, its natural history of hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever].

In the early 20th century, when it was discovered that the yellow fever virus was transmitted in its urban cycle by Aedes aegypti, measures … pidemics that have occurred there, the vector has never been Aedes aegypti. In a recent outbreak in Kenya, the vector was Aedes bromeliae. The examination of part of the gene encoding for envelope protein showed the presence of two geographical types corresponding to West-Africa and Central East-Africa. Clinically speaking, yellow fever is an haemorrhag …

Risk of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in African children is modified by STAT4.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of bacteraemia in Africa. The disease typically affects HIV-infected individuals and young children, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Here we present a genome-wide association study (180 cases, 2677 controls) and replication analysis of NTS bacteraemia in Kenyan and Malawian children. We identify a locus in STAT4, rs13390936, associated with NTS bacteraemia. rs13390936 is a context-specific expression quantitative trait locus for STAT4 RNA expression, and individuals carrying the NTS-risk genotype demonstrate decreased interferon-γ (IF…

The contribution of spirituality and religiousness to the quality of life of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. A significant proportion of all patients with cancer require radiotherapy as part of their treatment. Cancer can be very terrifying for patients undergoing radiotherapy, especially when it undermines their ability to hope or cope. In Ghana, where religious and spiritual beliefs play a significant role in many individuals' lives, understanding how these factors affect patients' well-being during cancer treatment is crucial. This study examined the contribution of spirituality and religiousness to the quality of life (QoL)

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… Additionally, studies in Kenya and South Africa emphasised the role of religious communities and spiritual practices in providing emotional and social support, underscoring the importance of incorporating spiritual care into cancer treatment in African settings. … A study by Ngure et al [ 12 ] revealed that patients with cancer in Kenya often rely on spiritual practices, such as prayer and participation in religious rituals, to find hope and meaning during their cancer journey. …

Genital Injury Signatures and Microbiome Alterations Associated With Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Usage and Intravaginal Drying Practices.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and intravaginal practices may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection risk; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This study evaluated the effect of DMPA and intravaginal practices on the genital proteome and microbiome to gain mechanistic insights. METHODS: Cervicovaginal secretions from 86 Kenyan women, including self-reported DMPA users (n = 23), nonhormonal contraceptive users (n = 63), and women who practice vaginal drying (n = 46), were analyzed using tandem-mass spec…

The prevalence, incidence, and sociodemographic risk factors of HIV among older adults in sub-Saharan Africa (AWI-Gen): a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa's ageing population includes a rising number of adults aged 50 years and older living with HIV. Although anti … lts aged 40 years and older collected between Jan 24, 2019, and Nov 23, 2022 (wave 2) from Nairobi (Kenya) and from Soweto, Agincourt, and Dikgale Mamabolo Mothiba (South Africa). Sociodemographic data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires and structured interviews. The primary outcome was HIV status at both wave 1 and wave 2, c …

Age-specific distribution of cervical precancer and cancer among women living with HIV across seven countries: a systematic review and an individual patient data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Women living with HIV have an elevated risk for cervical cancer, present earlier, and have more recurrent human papillomavirus ( … 50 women, 12 527 of whom were living with HIV, from seven countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, India, Kenya, South Africa, Thailand, and the USA). In the IPDMA, the pooled predicted probability of CIN2 or CIN3 among women living with HIV increased from 6·0% (95% CI 0·74-64·1) for ages 15-19 years to 32·4% (8·3-72·7) for ages 20-24 years, 42·1% (16·4-80·2) …

Hydroxyurea dose optimisation for children with sickle cell anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (REACH): extended follow-up of a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Realizing Effectiveness Across Continents with Hydroxyurea (REACH) is an open-label non-randomised trial of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) in children with sickle cell anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa. The short-term results of REACH on safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of hydroxyurea were published previously. In this paper we report results from extended hydroxyurea treatment in the REACH cohort up to 8 years. METHODS: In this open-label, non-randomised, phase 1/2 trial, participants were recruited from four clinical sites in Kilifi, Kenya; Mbale, Uganda; Luanda, Angola; and K…

Multi-country assessment of residual bio-efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying in malaria control on different surface types: results from program monitoring in 17 PMI/USAID-supported IRS countries.

BACKGROUND: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the application of insecticide to the interior walls of household structures that often serve … es used for PMI/USAID-supported IRS campaigns was measured in Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The WHO cone bioassay tests were used to assess the mortality rate of mosquitoes exposed to insecticide-treated mud, wood, cement, and o …

Efficacy of a monovalent (D614) SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine with AS03 adjuvant in adults: a phase 3, multi-country study.

BACKGROUND: The literature on first generation COVID-19 vaccines show they were less effective against new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in … was conducted in 53 research centres in eight countries (United States, Honduras, Japan, Colombia, Kenya, India, Ghana, Nepal). Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive two intramuscular injections of a monovalent SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine with AS03-adjuvant (10 μg of the spike (S) protein from the ancestral D614 strain) or placebo on D …

Interventions for improving employment outcomes for workers with HIV.

BACKGROUND: The vast majority of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are adults of working age. Therefore unemployment a … RCT was conducted in the United States; the five CBA studies were conducted in South Africa, India, Kenya, and Uganda. We graded all six studies as having a high risk of bias.The effectiveness of vocational intervention was assessed in only one study but we could not infer the intervention effect due to a lack of data.For pharmacological interventions, …

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: High-grade Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in east and southern Africa has prompted trials evaluat … PERO (CRD42020196127). FINDINGS: Of 85 screened records, six trials (one multi-country trial) from Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Tanzania contributed data on 6646 pregnancies. Compared to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, dihydroarteminsinin-piperaquine was associated with a 69% [95% CI: 45%-82%] lower incidence of clinical malaria during pregnancy, a 62% [37%-77 …

Optimal sampling designs for estimation of Plasmodium falciparum clearance rates in patients treated with artemisinin derivatives.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins in Southeast Asia threatens the control of malaria worldwide. … nsity-time profiles were selected from 13 clinical trials in Thailand, Cambodia, Mali, Vietnam, and Kenya. In these studies, parasite densities were measured every six hours until negative after treatment with an artemisinin derivative (alone or in combination with a partner drug). The WWARN Parasite Clearance Estimator (PCE) tool was used to estimate " …

Факторы, связанные с задержкой диагностики множественных склерозов в Замбии.

Задержки с диагностикой множественных склерозов (МС) в странах Африки к югу от Сахары в значительной степени неизвестны. В этом исследовании используется количественный подход для определения факторов, независимо связанных с задержками с диагностированием среди замбийской группы лиц, имеющих MS. В рамках этого перекрестного исследования люди получили подтвержденный диагноз MS в государственной амбулаторной неврологической клинике в Лусаке, Замбия. Проводились стандартизированные обследования. Диагностическая задержка была классифицирована как задержка пациента, задержка системы здравоохранения

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… Recent epidemiological studies from Sudan, Kenya, and South Africa all suggest the prevalence, or ascertainment, of MS is rising among Black African people. 6 – 8 Regional prevalence is associated with diagnostic delay of MS, which occurs due to a multitude of patient and health-system factors and can … A Columbian study found a mean delay of 3.07 years, 20 and cohort studies from Kenya and Nigeria have found that mean delays to diagnosis were approximately 4 years. 7 , 26 These differences are likely due to a host of factors, including limitations in resources, lack of referral pathways and/or …

National Burden and Trend of Cancer in Ethiopia, 2010-2019: a systemic analysis for Global burden of disease study.

Over the last two decades, we have tracked the national burden of cancer and its trends in Ethiopia, providing estimates of incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years. In Ethiopia, there were an estimated 53,560 (95% UI 52,480-55,540) new incident cases, 39,480 deaths (95% UI 32,640-46,440), and 1.42 million (95% UI 1.16-1.68) DALYs of cancer 2019. Cancer incidence, death, and DALYs counts increased by 32% (95% UI 11-55%), 29% (95% UI 12-44%), and 19% (95% UI - 2 to 44%) between 2010 to 2019, respectively, while age-standardised incidence, death, and DALYs rates increased by 5% (95%

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… 95% UI Value 95% UI value 95% UI Global 26 20 32 − 1 − 6 3 21 14 28 − 6 − 11 − 1 16 9 23 − 7 − 12 − 1 Djibouti 58 26 99 6 − 12 28 54 23 92 2 − 14 23 43 10 82 0 − 19 24 Eritrea 35 14 62 3 − 12 20 32 11 56 0 − 13 17 27 5 53 − 1 − 16 17 Ethiopia 32 11 55 5 − 7 18 29 12 48 2 − 9 14 19 − 2 44 − 2 − 15 12 Kenya … Similarly, neighboring countries such as Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan have seen similar trends. However, there were contrast trend in high income countries and global 4 . …

Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are they relevant to population health patterns in Africa?

BackgroundStudies of trends in population changes and epidemiological profiles in the developing world have overwhelmingly relied upon the concepts of demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions, even though their usefulness in describing and understanding population and health trends in developing countries has been repeatedly called into question. The issue is particularly relevant for the study of population health patterns in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, as the history and experience there differs substantially from that of Western Europe and North America, for which these conce

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… 59.66 | 0.36 | 0.19 Djibouti | 28.9; 44.9 | 9.7; 21.0 | 19.2; 30.8 | 3.8; 6.8 | 1975 | 41.04 | 59.05 | 0.38 | 0.12 Eritrea | 39.4; 48.0 | 8.0; 27.8 | 19.3; 31.2 | 5.2; 7.0 | 1960 | 35.84 | 59.95 | 0.27 | 0.54 Ethiopia | 36.4; 49.3 | 9.5; 29.9 | 19.3; 30.3 | 5.3; 7.4 | 1955 | 34.08 | 59.26 | 0.30 | 0.53 Kenya … Such fall has been palpable in all countries from Southern Africa, in some countries of Middle Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Congo) or Eastern Africa (Kenya and Zimbabwe) and Western Africa (Côte d'Ivoire and Togo). …