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KRAS mutation in secondary malignant histiocytosis arising from low grade follicular lymphoma.

BackgroundTransformation of follicular lymphoma most typically occurs as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, however other forms of transformation such as classic Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoblastic transformation can occur. Secondary malignant histiocytosis also represents a rare form of transformation, which is thought to occur due to a process of transdifferentiation whereby the lymphoma cells exhibit lineage plasticity and lose all evidence of B-cell phenotype and instead acquire the phenotype of a histiocytic neoplasm. Little is known about the underlying genetic alterations that occur during t

Special considerations in the management of adult patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms in the COVID-19 era: recommendations from a panel of international experts.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global public health crisis. Multiple observations indicate poorer post-infection outcomes for patients with cancer than for the general population. Herein, we highlight the challenges in caring for patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We summarise key changes related to service allocation, clinical and supportive care, clinical trial participation, and ethical considerations regarding the use of lifesaving measures for these patients. We recognise that these

Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Myeloid Neoplasms: Focuses on the Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Impact on Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of the innate immune system, functioning as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In hematological malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), TLRs influence inflammation, disease progression, and therapeutic response. This review highlights the prognostic relevance of TLR expression, the role of the MyD88 signaling pathway in clonal evolution, and the dual

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… TLRs In Hematological Tumors—Same Gene, Different Pathways Modulations To date, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis, have been thoroughly associated with the development of hematologic neoplasms. … In addition, the authors also identified higher levels of TLR2 mRNA in the MDS group when compared to other hematological neoplasms, such as CLL and multiple myeloma, despite no difference being noted in comparison to AML. …

Множество случаев заболевания раком молочной железы во время лечения: доклад по делу.

Исследования: Рак груди представляет собой злокачественную опухоль, которая угрожает здоровью женщин. Среди больных раком молочной железы от 4,2% до 17% могут страдать многочисленными первичными злокачественными новообразованиями. Случаи заболевания раком груди и множественной миэломой относительно редки в клинической практике. В этом документе сообщается об одном пациенте, у которого во время лечения рака груди развилась миелома. Клинические данные: Пациентка была 56-летней женщиной, попавшей в больницу из-за "животы в течение 4 дней, через год после лечения рака левой груди". Пациенту диагно

Электронные платформы отчетов о результатах лечения, предоставляемых пациентами, используемые в онкологии крови: систематический обзор.

ЦЕЛЬ: Использование электронных показателей результатов (ЭПРОМ), сообщаемых пациентами, продемонстрировало свои преимущества в онкологии; однако их использование в гематологических отклонениях по-прежнему ограничено. Мы поставили перед собой цель выявить платформы, которые используются в гематологии, и описать их особенности, приемлемость, удобство использования, осуществимость, темпы осуществления и поглощения, а также данные о результатах. МЕТОДЫ: Систематический обзор был проведен после ПРИСМА 2020 Руководящие принципы. Электронные базы данных (MedLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane) и

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies.

Myeloid malignancies arise from an altered hematopoietic stem cell and mainly comprise acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid neoplastic leukemic cells may influence the growth and differentiation of other hematopoietic cell lineages in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display immunoregulatory properties by controlling the innate and adaptive immune systems that may induce a tolerant and supportive microenvironment for neoplasm

Profile of pomalidomide and its potential in the treatment of myelofibrosis.

Myelofibrosis, a Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm, is in a new treatment era after the discovery of the JAK2V617F mutation in 2005. JAK inhibitors boast improvements in disease-related symptoms, splenomegaly, and overall survival; however, treatment of myelofibrosis remains a challenge, given the lack of improvement in cytopenias with these agents. Second-generation immunomodulatory agents, such as pomalidomide, have shown efficacy in myelofibrosis-associated anemia within multiple clinical trials. Five major pomalido-mide clinical trials have been completed to date, and demon

После-пересадки двойное злодейство: Множественная миелома и папиллярная рентгеновская ячейка Карцинома-А.

Фон и клиническая значимость: получатели почечных трансплантаций имеют 2-4-fold более высокий риск раковых заболеваний по сравнению с населением в целом. Целостное появление карциномы миеломы (ММ) и почечной клетки коренных почек (КЦК) является редким явлением и создает конкурирующие приоритеты между эффективностью борьбы с миломой и сохранением сплава. Представление дела: A 54-year-old с женщиной 2020 Пересадка живой донорской почки 2024 с болью в костях и опухолью плеча. КТ всего тела с низкой дозой выявила множественные остеолитические повреждения. Проверка показала, что М-протеин ИгГ. 38.5

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… Among the most common post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), rarer hematologic neoplasms such as multiple myeloma (MM) have also been described [ 14 ]. …

Венецоклакс в сочетании с азаситидином в лечении вторичного миэлодипластического синдрома после нескольких миелом: доклад о деле и обзор литературы.

Мы провели ретроспективный анализ клинических данных пациента с миелодипластическим синдромом (MDS) вторичной и стабильной миеломой (MM), который лечился вместе с венетоклаксом и азаситидином в Пятом народном госпитале Ченду. Кроме того, мы изучили соответствующую литературу. Пациентка, 74-year-old Мужчина был первоначально диагностирован миеломой (IgA-__, DS IIIA, ISS III, R-ISS II) и получил очень хороший частичный ответ (VGPR) после последовательного лечения в рамках режимов BCTD, RVD и PVD, которые впоследствии получали алидомидную терапию. Несмотря на постоянную ремиссию, у пациента появи

Time to haematologist visit and non-haematological referral from primary health care during blood cancer diagnosis - findings from a large national survey in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Blood cancers are the third most common cancer in Australia. However, little is known about their diagnostic pathway in the Australian context. This research aimed to assess the interval between first primary health care (PHC) contact and first haematologist visit, and referrals to specialists other than haematologists (non-haematological referrals) during blood cancer diagnoses. METHODS: An online national survey was conducted with patients living with blood cancers, such as leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MD

Tumor-Specific Success Probabilities and Factors Associated With Phase III Trials in Oncology Drug Development.

Despite advances in novel therapeutic modalities, such as molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies, the probability of success in Phase III oncology trials remains low. This study quantitatively characterized success probabilities of Phase III trials in oncology drug development and evaluated the factors associated with trial success. Phase III interventional oncology drug trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov between 2007 and 2023 with publicly available primary endpoint results were included. Trial success was defined as the achievement of at least one primary endpoint, and tumor-sp

Экстренные ситуации в гематологии: Почему, когда и как я лечусь?

Гематологические чрезвычайные ситуации являются критическими медицинскими условиями, требующими неотложного внимания в силу их быстрого развития и опасного для жизни характера. В качестве примера можно привести гиперкальцемию, которая часто ассоциируется с раком, таким как множественная миелома, что может привести к серьезной неврологической и сердечной дисфункции. Гиперлейкоцитоз, распространенный в острой миэлоидной лейкемии, повышает риск лейкостаза и многоорганического отказа. Кислородный кризис, обычное осложнение серповидноклеточной болезни, является результатом вазооккуляции, приводящей

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… Infections in Patients with Hematologic Neoplasms and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Neutropenia, Humoral, and Splenic Defects Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011 53 798 806 10.1093/cid/cir492 21890754 57. Duminuco A. Scarso S. Cupri A. Parrinello N.L. Villari L. Scuderi G. Giunta G. Leotta S. …

Can hyperleukocytosis be caused by a non-hematologic condition? A 10-year retrospective tertiary-care center cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Hyperleukocytosis (HL) is defined as a white blood cell counts typically exceeding 100 G/L and is commonly associated with hematologic malignancies. Efforts to identify and characterize non-hematologic causes of HL have been limited and insufficiently addressed in the literature. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patient records from 2013 to 2023, screened for cases of HL with a primary focus on the characterization of non-hematologic causes. RESULTS: Out of 878,967 adult patients, 375 patients had HL; 90 were excluded due to opting out of general consent, l

Prognostic and functional role of the nuclear export receptor 1 (XPO1) in gastrointestinal cancers: a potential novel target?

In the last decades the survival of metastatic gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients could have been significantly extended due to the introduction of targeted- and immunotherapy. However, only the minority of patients will experience long-lasting survival. Hence, novel therapeutics are clearly necessary for GI cancer patients. Molecular high-throughput profiling techniques have revealed potential novel targetable molecular alterations, emphasizing the necessity for tailored therapeutic approaches. Nuclear export proteins, particularly Exportin-1 (XPO1), have emerged as promising targets in ca

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Danish version of the haematological malignancy patient-reported outcome measure (HM-PRO).

BackgroundAssessment of cancer patients´ quality of life (QoL) through patient-reported outcomes (PRO) during and after treatment is gaining ground. The HM-PRO is the first generic Haematological Malignancy specific PRO measure for use in clinical practice and clinical trials. Such generic tools are needed in Denmark. The study aim was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the HM-PRO into Danish and evaluate the psychometric properties.MethodsTranslation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original English HM-PRO into Danish followed established guidelines. After cognitive debriefing interv

Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Preleukemic and Leukemic Stem Cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare subset of bone marrow cells that usually exist in a quiescent state, only entering the cell cycle to replenish the blood compartment, thereby limiting the potential for errors in replication. Inflammatory signals that are released in response to environmental stressors, such as infection, trigger active cycling of HSCs. These inflammatory signals can also directly induce HSCs to release cytokines into the bone marrow environment, promoting myeloid differentiation. After stress myelopoiesis is triggered, HSCs require intracellular signaling programs to

Новое применение XPO1 для лечения миэлофиброза.

Myelofibrosis (MF) — новообразование, характеризующееся конституционными симптомами, прогрессивными цитопентиями и селеногамели. В основе патобологии MF лежит активация мутации на пути JAK/STAT и регулирование цитокинового костного мозга. Хотя многие ингибиторы JAK в настоящее время официально утверждены и обеспечивают значительное улучшение симптомов, эти агенты не имеют курса на изменение потенциала. Кроме того, результаты являются неудовлетворительными для пациентов, которые не справляются с ингибиторами JAK, что подчеркивает необходимость применения новых методов лечения, основанных на исп

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms following treatment for multiple myeloma-a single center analysis.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be late complications following mutagenic treatment. Limited data is available on the outcome of patients developing therapy-related MDS and AML after treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). We identified 250 patients with therapy-associated MDS or AML in the Duesseldorf MDS registry. Of those, 50 patients were previously diagnosed with multiple myeloma (mm-MDS/AML). We compared them to patients with de novo MDS (n = 4862) and to patients with MDS following other underlying diseases (tMDS) (n = 200). mm-MDS patients and tMDS pat

Potent molecular-targeted therapies for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), which are characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation, can arise in various organs. NENs have been divided into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) based on morphological differentiation, each of which has a distinct etiology, molecular profile, and clinicopathological features. While the majority of NECs originate in the pulmonary organs, extrapulmonary NECs occur most predominantly in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system. Although platinum-based chemotherapy is the main therapeut

Metformin use and risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms: a Danish population-based case-control study.

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that metformin has beneficial effects beyond its glucose-lowering properties, particularly in terms of its potential as an antineoplastic and cancer-preventive agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between metformin use and the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We conducted a population-based case-control study using Danish registers. Cases with MPN diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 were identified, and metformin use before the MPN diagnosis was ascertained. We compared metformin use among cases with MPN and an age- and se