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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, … rican and Middle Eastern countries; iron-deficiency anaemia in Somalia and Venezuela; depression in Uganda; onchoceriasis in Liberia; and other neglected tropical diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. INTERPRETATION: Ageing of the world's population is increasing the number of people living with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Shifts in t …

Cancer in Angola, resources and strategy for its control.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is an increasingly important health problem in Africa. The number of cancer cases in this region could double, ranging between 700 000 and 1 600 000 new cases in 2030. The mortality rate is higher than 80% and is explained, mainly, by a lack of early detection, diagnostics and treatment resources. In Angola, about 7,000 patients die of cancer every year. METHODS: Data were derived from open-ended interviews conducted in 2010-11 with health authorities, clinicians, nurses and Administration of Hospitals. According Angola epidemiological data, results of interviews and intern

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… The roles of national cancer research institutions in evolving a comprehensive cancer control program in a developing country: experience from Uganda. Oncology. 2009;77(5):272–80. doi: 10.1159/000259258. 18. Farmer P, Frenk J, Knaul FM, Shulman LN, Alleyne G, et al. …

Effect of mass deworming with antihelminthics for soil-transmitted helminths during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Helminthiasis is an infestation of the human body with parasitic worms. It is estimated to affect 44 million pregnancies, global … nt women. All of the included trials were conducted in antenatal clinics within hospitals in LMICs (Uganda, Nigeria, Peru, India, Sierra Leone and Tanzania). Among primary outcomes, five trials reported maternal anaemia, one trial reported preterm birth and three trials reported perinatal mortality. Among secondary outcomes, included trials reported mate …

Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants.

BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment could help prevent malaria in infants (IPTi) living in areas of moderate to high malaria trans … ne in Tanzania (2000). Later studies included three conducted in Kenya (2008), Tanzania (2008), and Uganda (2013), evaluating IPTi in multiple trial arms that included artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Although the effect size varied over time and between drugs, overall IPTi impacts on the incidence of clinical malaria overall, with a 27% redu …

Structural and community-level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

BACKGROUND: Community interventions to promote condom use are considered to be a valuable tool to reduce the transmission of human immunodef … lysis) for quantitative assessment. The studies were conducted in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, Peru, China, India and Russia, comprising 75,891 participants, mostly including the general population (not the high-risk population). The main intervention was condom promotion, or distribution, or both. In general, control groups did not r …

Pursuing equity in cancer care: implementation, challenges and preliminary findings of a public cancer referral center in rural Rwanda.

BackgroundCancer services are inaccessible in many low-income countries, and few published examples describe oncology programs within the public sector. In 2011, the Rwanda Ministry of Health (RMOH) established Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) to expand cancer services nationally. In hopes of informing cancer care delivery in similar settings, we describe program-level experience implementing BCCOE, patient characteristics, and challenges encountered.MethodsButaro Cancer Center of Excellence was founded on diverse partnerships that emphasize capacity building. Services available incl

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… Patients requiring radiotherapy were referred to Mulago Hospital in Uganda. With no oncology specialists on-site, care was delivered through task-shifting and structured twinning, and long-term collaboration between BCCOE and DFBWCC [ 7 , 8 ]. … Additionally, given their prohibitive costs for the vast majority of patients, chemotherapy, pathology testing, and referral to Uganda for radiotherapy were free for all presenting patients and covered by funding from grants, foundations, and private donations. …

Personalised risk-prediction tools for cryptococcal meningitis mortality to guide treatment stratification in sub-Saharan Africa: a prognostic modelling study based on pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Cryptococcal meningitis is a major driver of global HIV-related mortality, and validated approaches to stratify mortality risk c … on, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia in ACTA and eight hospitals across Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe in AMBITION-cm. We developed two primary multivariable logistic-regression models for the primary outcome of 2-week mortality: a basic model for use in a resource-limited setting that contained only candidate predictors that are routin …

Long-term efficacy and safety of two short standardised regimens for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM stage 2): extended follow-up of an open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

BACKGROUND: STREAM stage 2 showed that two bedaquiline-containing regimens (a 9-month all-oral regimen and a 6-month regimen with 8 weeks of … 3 clinical sites in seven countries (Ethiopia, Georgia, India, Moldova, Mongolia, South Africa, and Uganda). Participants were randomly assigned 1:2:2:2 (via permuted blocks and stratified by site and HIV status plus CD4 cell count) to the 2011 WHO long regimen (terminated early), a 9-month control regimen, a 9-month oral regimen with bedaquiline (primar …

Сохраняется ли нерешительность в отношении вакцинации SARS-COV-2 среди людей с неврологическими заболеваниями - обследование целевой группы NeuroCOVID-19 Европейской академии неврологии.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ ПО 3 предметам в онлайновом режиме было направлено в Европейскую академию неврологии (ЕАН) и задалось вопросом о сохранении скептицизма прививок SARS-COV-2, а также о глубинных мыслях и факторах, ограничивающих использование вакцин среди пациентов с неврологическими заболеваниями. Результаты: Мы получили 616 ответов от 84 стран, главным образом из Европы. По мнению лечащего невролога, пациенты с множественным склерозом (MS), нейромнологическими расстройствами (ND) и хроническими неврологическими инфекциями продолжали иметь высокий уровень скептицизма по отношению к вакцинации SARS-C

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… Several countries had only one respondent, e.g., Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Montenegro, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Uganda, Vietnam, and Yemen. …

Treatment Decision Making at Diagnosis for Children Presenting With Advanced Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

PurposeAlthough most children diagnosed with cancer live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), research exploring decision making in these settings remains sparse. When children present with advanced cancer in LMICs, local centers may lack resources to provide treatment required to achieve cure. Existing treatment guidelines often do not account for contextual and resource variations influencing decision making. This qualitative study sought to understand physician approaches to treatment decision making for children presenting with advanced cancer at diagnosis in LMICs.MethodsSemistruc

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… Force, MD, MPH (University of Washington, Seattle, WA); Paola Friedrich, MD, MPH (St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN); Fadhil Geriga, MBChB, MMed (Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda); Sanjeeva Gunasekera, MD (National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka); Jean M. …

Kusankha Pamodzi: Health Care Decision-Making Preferences Among Patients with Cancer in Malawi.

BackgroundOncology teams are encouraged to include patient preferences and goals of care in determining appropriate treatment courses. There are no existing data from Malawi exploring decision-making preferences among cancer patients.MethodsIn the oncology clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi, 50 patients were surveyed for decision making.ResultsMost participants (70%, n = 35) preferred to engage in shared decision making regarding cancer treatment. About half (52%, n = 24) did not feel that their medical team involved them in decision making and 64% (n = 32) felt that they were never or only sometimes

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… Stakeholder perceptions on patient-centered care at primary health care level in rural eastern Uganda: A qualitative inquiry. Seale H. ed . PLoS One 2019 ; 14 ( 8 ): e0221649 ; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221649 31461495 PMC6713356 8. Berbyuk Lindström N , Woldemariam AA , Bekele A , et al. …

Profile of elderly patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Newlands Clinic in 2020: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) face new challenges such as accelerated ageing and higher rates of comorbidities including cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases as they age. OBJECTIVES: To profile the demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly patients receiving HIV care at Newlands Clinic (NC), Harare, Zimbabwe, as of 01 October 2019. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using clinic data. All patients who were 50 years and older on 01 October 2019 were enrolled. Descriptive statistics (medians, interquartile ranges [IQRs] and proportions) were used to

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… Adult life expectancy trends in the era of antiretroviral treatment in rural Uganda (1991–2012). AIDS. 2016;30(3):487–493. 5. Harris TG, Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM. Achieving the fourth 90: Healthy aging for people living with HIV. AIDS. 2018;32(12):1563–1569. 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001870 6. …

Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Tumorigenicity and Worsens Hodgkin Lymphoma Prognosis by Activating JAK/STAT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in 40% of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). During latency, EBV induces epigenetic alterations to the host genome and decreases the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of mRNA molecules and the end product of proteins for the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways, and their association with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters in patients with EBV-positive and -negative classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2017 to 2022 at the Facult

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… Intimate partner violence in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study from post-conflict northern Uganda. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e027541. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027541. [ PMC Free Article ] 13. Capaldi DM, Knoble NB, Shortt JW, Kim HK. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence. …

Expediting a UNIVERSAL first-line regimen of a dolutegravir-emtricitabine-tenofovir alafenamide fixed-dose ratio for children living with HIV older than 4 weeks: a 24-week, open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2, pharmacokinetic, safety, and antiviral activity trial.

BACKGROUND: Paediatric antiretroviral fixed-dose combination tablets remain limited. UNIVERSAL1 evaluated pharmacokinetics, short-term safety, and antiviral activity of novel fixed-dose ratios of dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in children with HIV. METHODS: UNIVERSAL1 was an open-label, single-arm, phase 1-2, pharmacokinetic, safety, and antiviral activity study. Children with HIV aged between 28 days and 10 years with a bodyweight between 3 kg and less than 25 kg were enrolled at three clinical research centres (one in Harare, Zimbabwe, and two in Kampala, Uganda). Ch…

Weight gain, body composition, and metabolic parameters of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: an ancillary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial.

BACKGROUND: ODYSSEY trial showed superior efficacy of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus then-current, non-dolutegravir … ne ART (ODYSSEY-B) were enrolled in 29 centres in Germany, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and the UK in two cohorts (children weighing ≥14 kg and children weighing <14 kg). Treatment effects (dolutegravir vs standard of care) were estimated on randomised allocation, accounting for treatment switches (substantial in standard of …

Healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences of primary healthcare integration: a scoping review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: Primary healthcare (PHC) integration has been promoted globally as a tool for health sector reform and universal health coverage … untries were more dominant, such as the USA for HICs, South Africa for middle-income countries, and Uganda for low-income countries. Methods were mainly cross-sectional observational studies with few longitudinal studies. A minority of studies used an analytical conceptual model to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of the integration study …

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1868-1920.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Marasmius ballator on leaf litter … on twigs of Salix sp. Thailand, Neoleptosporella camporesiana on dead branch of unidentified plant. Uganda, Bjerkandera ugandensis on a rotting log. UK (Scotland), Narcissea scotica on decaying dung of Lagopus scotica. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Akram W, Albuquerque GMR, Alfenas AC, Alfena …

Asthma symptoms, severity, and control with and without a clinical diagnosis of asthma in early adolescence in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country, school-based, cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Rapid urbanisation and population growth in sub-Saharan Africa has increased the incidence of asthma in children and adolescents … and secondary schools in Blantyre in Malawi, Durban in South Africa, Harare in Zimbabwe, Kampala in Uganda, Kumasi in Ghana, and Lagos in Nigeria. The adolescents were screened for asthma symptoms using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire. Then, after opt-in consent, symptomatic adolescents were invited to co …

Healthcare workers' perceptions and experiences of primary healthcare integration: a scoping review of qualitative evidence.

BACKGROUND: Primary healthcare (PHC) integration has been promoted globally as a tool for health sector reform and universal health coverage … untries were more dominant, such as the USA for HICs, South Africa for middle-income countries, and Uganda for low-income countries. Methods were mainly cross-sectional observational studies with few longitudinal studies. A minority of studies used an analytical conceptual model to guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of the integration study …