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A retrospective, case-control study on traditional environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease in Vukovar-Srijem County, north-eastern Croatia, 2010.

BACKGROUND: Traditional environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we … dy was to analyse the traditional environmental risk factors in IBD on our cohort sample, including measles virus infection and vaccination (MMR vaccine-Mumps, Measles, Rubella), tonsillectomy, appendectomy, current and former cigarette smoking and use of oral contraceptives in women. METHODS: This retrospective, case-control study was performed as a par …

A case of a rash after tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis and meningococcal vaccination.

We present a case of a 12-year-old healthy girl who presented with acute onset of dry, hyperpigmented, and raised pruritic rash. The lesions initially presented on her thighs then progressed to the trunk and arms hours after receiving the tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) and meningococcal vaccine. After a poor response to medium potency topical steroids, a biopsy specimen was taken, which led to our diagnosis. Current literature reports this condition occurring after Tdap; measles, mumps, and rubella; and COVID-19 vaccinations; but, to our knowledge, not after meningitis vaccines. The role …

Chickenpox: An update.

Despite its benign characteristics, chickenpox is a childhood disease responsible for complications and deaths, particularly in the high-risk population. VariZIG®, not commercialized in France, is a good alternative for seronegative individuals exposed to the virus and not eligible for vaccination. The efficacy of routine vaccination has been demonstrated with a decrease in chickenpox incidence and with the development of herd immunity. Over time, the protective antibody titer of vaccinated people decreases and can be maintained by two doses of the vaccine. A tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-…

Cutting the Stone: Health Defined in the Era of Value-based Care.

The immune system contributes to the maintenance of health by preventing and limiting the clinical consequences of infections by pathogenic … e intervention and has resulted in global eradication of smallpox. Eradication of poliomyelitis and measles is within reach. A continuous effort will be required for recently emerged pathogens, such as Ebola and HIV, as well as the most difficult - malaria and tuberculosis.

Vaccinology in the third millennium: scientific and social challenges.

The epidemiology of deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases has been significantly and positively altered through the use of vaccines. Despite this, significant challenges remain in vaccine development and use in the third millennium. Both new (Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, and West Nile) and re-emerging diseases (measles, mumps, and influenza) require the development of new or next-generation vaccines. The global aging of the population, and accumulating numbers of immunocompromised persons, will require new vaccine and adjuvant development to protect large segments of the population. After va…

Breast cancer: is there a viral connection?

Viruses are known to be etiologically related to several types of human cancer. In several published studies, viruses such as human mammary tumor virus, human papillomaviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and measles virus have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of breast cancers (BC). However, these studies have produced conflicting results, causing considerable controversy. In this context, recent demonstration of elevated levels of mutagenic antiviral enzyme APOBEC3B in a majority of BCs is a highly significant development, as it provides a …

Challenges and solutions for a rational vaccine design for TB-endemic regions.

Vaccines have been successful for global eradication or control of dreaded diseases such as smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, yellow fever, whooping cough, polio, and measles. Unfortunately, this success has not been achieved for controlling tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is the only available vaccine against TB. Paradoxically, BCG has deciphered success in the Western world but has failed in TB-endemic areas. In this article, we highlight and discuss the aspects of immunity responsible for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and factors responsible for t…

Flupirtine may stop the progressive course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive devastating disease. Along with the slow measles virus infection, apoptotic cell death has shown to be one of the major mechanisms at the pathogenesis. Volume reduction in frontotemporal cortex has seen in patients at early stages of disease. At present, there is no effective treatment to completely cure SSPE. Oral isoprinosine and intrathecal or intraventricular alpha-interferon are anti viral therapies with limited success. Flupirtine is an anti apoptotic agent which has been used with limited success in Alzheimer disease, prion dis…

Influenza parotitis: a case from the 2004 to 2005 vaccine shortage.

We report a case of acute parotitis due to influenza A in which, unlike other published cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of subtyped influenza A, serological evidence of mumps immunity, and full recovery without antibiotic treatment. In the United States, acute infectious parotitis was historically caused primarily by symptomatic paramyxovirus (mumps) infections, but because of the near-universal administration of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, other infectious and noninfectious etiologies now predominate. We discuss the differential diagnosis and therapeutic and pu…

Vaccines for persons at high risk, 2007.

Morbidity and mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases are high among persons with underlying medical conditions. Thus, inactivated inf … isease. Health care workers are at high risk for acquiring and transmitting hepatitis B, pertussis, measles, varicella, and influenza; hence, vaccination against these diseases is recommended. A signed declination is recommended for health care workers who refuse influenza vaccination.

Vaccine preventable deaths and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006-2015.

Immunization is among the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions. Immunization programs have led to eradication of smallpox, elimination of measles and poliomyelitis in regions of the world, and substantial reductions in the morbidity and mortality attributed to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2 million child deaths were prevented by vaccinations in 2003. Nonetheless, more deaths can be prevented through optimal use of currently existing vaccines. This report summarizes estimates of deaths attributed to vaccine-prev…

A global perspective on vaccine safety and public health: the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety.

Established in 1999, the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety advises the World Health Organization (WHO) on vaccine-related safety i … . We highlight its recent recommendations on major issues, including the purported link between the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism and the safety of the mumps, influenza, yellow fever, BCG, and smallpox vaccines as well as that of thiomersal-containing vaccines.

[Viral encephalitis, early summer meningoencephalitis].

Encephalitis is an unusual manifestation of viral infections. Encephalitis manifests with fever, headache and an altered level of consciousn … ed number of viral infections. Some cases of encephalitis can be reliably prevented by vaccination (measles, mumps, TBE, rabies). Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), which is of particular interest in Switzerland, is described in detail.

Correlates of protection against rotavirus infection and disease.

Repeated infections with the 'mucosal' pathogen rotavirus are common in children. Subsequent rotavirus infections usually cause milder symptoms than first-time infections. Therefore, although natural rotavirus infection attenuates the severity of subsequent infections, it does not prevent reinfection or mild disease. On the other hand, natural infection with 'systemic' viruses such as measles, mumps, rubella, or varicella often confers life-long protection against mild disease associated with reinfection. The degree to which differences in the pathogenesis of systemic and mucosal pathogens det…

[Mumps in 1998].

In 1998 217,452 cases of mumps were reported and attack rate of 562/100,000 was two and a half times higher than in the previous year. More … . MMR vaccine is still not included into the national programme of immunization; instead monovalent measles vaccine is recommended. MMR vaccine is used on voluntary basis.

Rinderpest: the disease and its impact on humans and animals.

Rinderpest is an ancient plague of cattle and other large ruminants, with descriptions of its effects dating back to Roman times. It is caused by a morbillivirus closely related to human measles virus. Although a very effective vaccine is available, it is heat labile, and logistical and financial problems hamper its delivery to the remote areas of Africa and Asia where enzootic foci remain. Periodic epizootics emerge from these foci and spread into neighboring areas, mainly as a result of uncontrolled livestock movement and trading. This is particularly true during wars or civil disturbances w…

Paediatric treatment costs and the HIV epidemic.

As the AIDS epidemic puts additional strains on the already overburdened health care systems in sub-Saharan Africa, it becomes more importan … a greater percentage of overall cost than either acute respiratory infection, diarrhoeal disease or measles.

Зарегистрированные заболевания, поддающиеся профилактике с помощью вакцин -- Соединенные Штаты, 1993 год, и инициатива по иммунизации детей.

В Соединенных Штатах дети, как правило, проходят вакцинацию от девяти заболеваний: дифтерии, гемофилического гриппа типа b (Hib), гепатита B, кори, свинки, коклюша, полиомиелита (паралитического), краснухи и столбняка. Судя по результатам наблюдения за состоянием здоровья населения и эпидемиологической оценки большинства из этих заболеваний, воздействие вакцинации детей на зарегистрированные случаи было значительным: данные предварительного наблюдения за 1993 год свидетельствуют о том, что по пяти из этих заболеваний и по врожденному синдрому краснухи число зарегистрированных случаев находится

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In the United States, children are routinely vaccinated against nine diseases--diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B, measles, mumps, pertussis, poliomyelitis (paralytic), rubella, and tetanus. Based on public health surveillance and epidemiologic assessment of most of these diseases, the impact of childhood vaccination on reported occ…

[Evaluation of the Andalusia Vaccination Program in the Sierra de Cádiz Sanitary District].

One of the foundations for good child care is the application of a vaccination program. With this report we evaluate the vaccination coverage (January 1991) of a group of children (1319), born during 1988 between January 1st and October 1st, in the Sierra of the District of Cadiz. Our results show that 87.64% participated in the Vaccination Program. The first vaccination was received by 80.06% of these children. This rate decreased as we advanced through the vaccination calendar, reaching 76.34% for the measles/mumps/rubella vaccination and 66.71% for the vaccination at 2 years of age. Therefo…

Kojewnikow's Epilepsia Partialis Continua: two cases associated with striatal necrosis.

The authors report two cases of children suffering from Epilepsia Partialis Continua (EPC). The first case concerned a boy primarily affected by abdominal neuroblastoma and secondarily by bilateral EPC; "pallidal posture" was the prominent clinical feature. An acute measles encephalitis was diagnosed and the CT scan showed necrosis of the putamina. The second case concerned a girl suffering from increased intracranial pressure due to suprasellar craniopharyngioma. Seven days after intervention, Diabetes Insipidus and EPC appeared. Enlargement of rolandic and sylvian spaces and lacunar necrosis…