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Investigation of the association between the antibody responses to neurotropic viruses and dementia outcomes in the UK Biobank.

The causes that trigger the onset of dementia are still unknown. Recently there has been an increasing interest in the possible role of infectious agents in the brain in the pathogenesis of this condition. Amongst the viruses, members of the Herpesviridae family, namely herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6), human herpesvirus-7 (HHV7) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) have been suggested as potential causes of the disease. However, the relative importance of these and other viruses in contributing to dementia remains unclear. We evaluated the associati…

Association between common vaginal and HPV infections and results of cytology test in the Zhoupu District, Shanghai City, China, from 2014 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: HPV (human papillomavirus) is an important cause of cervical cancer. Cervical-vaginal infection with pathogens, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), bacterial vaginosis Trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal candidiasis could be a cofactor. This study aimed to assess the relationship between vaginal infection with HPV genotype and cytology test results and analyze the relationship between vaginal and HPV infections and cervical cancer. METHODS: We performed a district-based study to elucidate the relationship among the vaginal and HPV infections and cervical cancer. We collected the cer…

Defects of the Innate Immune System and Related Immune Deficiencies.

The innate immune system is the host's first line of defense against pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that mediate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs also activate signaling transduction pathways involved in host defense, inflammation, development, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Innate immunodeficiencies associated with defective TLR signaling include mutations in NEMO, IKBA, MyD88, and IRAK4. Other innate immune defects have been associated with susceptibility to herpes simplex encephalitis, viral infections, and m…

Phytochemical Characterization of Olea europea Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Anti-Microbial and Anti-HSV-1 Activity.

Owing to the richness of bioactive compounds, Olea europea leaf extracts exhibit a range of health effects. The present research evaluated t … taphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 for OESY and OESA, respectively). The antiviral activity against the herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) was assessed on Vero cells. The results of cell viability indicated that Olea europea leaf extracts were not toxic to cultured Vero cells. The half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values for OESA and OESY were 0.2 mg/mL and 0.8 …

Strong alkaline electrolyzed water efficiently inactivates SARS-CoV-2, other viruses, and Gram-negative bacteria.

Air spaces and material surfaces in a pathogen-contaminated environment can often be a source of infection to humans, and disinfection has b … viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, human coronavirus, feline calicivirus, and canine parvovirus, were reduced by 2.9- to 5.5-log10 within 30 s of SAIW exposure. Similarly, the culturability of three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Legionella) d …

Chemically sulfated arabinoxylans from Plantago ovata seed husk: Synthesis, characterization and antiviral activity.

Limited options for the treatments of diseases triggered through viral infections revealed the quest for novel antiviral drugs. Polysacchari … atio) were produced and then characterized. According to the results, these polymers displayed anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity and their potency depends upon DS. The utmost effective compound (IS1203, IC50: 2.9 μg mL-1) was a 18.4 kDa arabinoxylan possessing sulfate groups at O-3 and O-2,3 positions of xylopyranosyl (Xylp), and O-5 of arabinofuranosyl …

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN ACUTE RETINAL NECROSIS.

PURPOSE: To report clinical features of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) using optical coherence tomography angiography. METHODS: A 59-year-old female patient presented with blurred vision in the left eye for 1 day. The patient presented posterior uveitis with multiple peripheral areas of retinal pallor with presumed acute retinal necrosis. Herpes simplex virus Type 1 infection was confirmed after serologic tests, and the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the aqueous humor tested positive. RESULTS: The left eye examination revealed anterior chamber reaction, mild vitritis, optic disk swellin…

The Diagnostic Conundrum of Retinitis and a Pigmented Scar.

We report a finding of a pigmented chorioretinal scar with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection rather than toxoplasma, creating an initial diagnostic dilemma. A 53-year-old functionally monocular male presented with painless floaters and blurry vision in his seeing eye over a period of 4 days. An exam demonstrated anterior chamber (AC) reaction, vitritis, multifocal patches of whitening, and an occlusive retinal vasculitis. A superior pigmented chorioretinal scar with overlying contracted vitreous was noted in the periphery with no adjacent retinal w…

Tree Shrew as an Emerging Small Animal Model for Human Viral Infection: A Recent Overview.

Viral infection is a global public health threat causing millions of deaths. A suitable small animal model is essential for viral pathogenes … ARS-CoV-2, human adenovirus B), arboviruses (Zika virus and dengue virus), and other viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus, etc.). The pathogenesis of these viruses is not fully understood due to the lack of an economically feasible suitable small animal model mimicking natural infection of human diseases. The tree shrew model significantly contributes towards a b …

Внутривитро эффект буфтенина против РНК и ДНК вирусов.

Согласно сообщениям, алкалоид Буфтенин, который можно найти в растительных экстрактах и секрециях кожи амфибийцев, обладает потенциальной антивирусной активностью. В настоящем исследовании проводится оценка антивирусной активности буфтенина на основе различных генетических характеристик бешеного вируса (RABV, однострунный, негативный вирус РНК), коронавируса канистры (CCOV, позитивный вирус РНК) и двух двойных вирусов ДНК (два штамма вируса герпеса простейшего типа 1/HSV-1 [KOS и ацикловирусно-стойкий HSV-1 штамм 29R] и аденовируса 2, CAV-2). Максимальные концентрации нетоксичного буфотинина в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Bufotenine, an alkaloid that can be found in plant extracts and skin secretions of amphibians, is reported to have potential antiviral activ … coronavirus (CCoV, a positive-sense RNA virus) and two double-stranded DNA viruses (two strains of herpes simplex virus type 1/HSV-1 [KOS and the acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strain 29R] and canine adenovirus 2, CAV-2). The maximal non-toxic bufotenine concentrations in Vero and BHK-21 cells were determined by MTT assays. The antiviral activity of bufotenine again …

Antiviral activity of berberine.

Plants are a rich source of new antiviral, pharmacologically active agents. The naturally occurring plant alkaloid berberine (BBR) is one of … into DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis and reverse transcriptase activity. It inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This isoquinoline alkaloid has the ability to regulate the MEK-ERK, AMPK/mTOR, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are necessary for viral …

Antiviral activity of different extracts of standardized propolis preparations against HSV.

BACKGROUND: Viral infections are among the most common problems in health-care practice. Natural products offer great promise as potentially effective antiviral drugs. Propolis is a honeybee product with biological properties and therapeutic applications. We aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of different extracts of Standardized Propolis Preparations (M.E.D.®) with glycol, ethanol, glycerol and soya oil, against herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) viruses. METHODS: Chemical composition and antiviral activity of each extract were determined. The selective index (SI=CC50/…

Morphological and Immunohistochemical Features of Placental Damage in Cases of Perinatal Death: Institutional Experience with Emphasis on Viral Etiology.

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine hypoxia/asphyxia is not the cause, but a consequence of different pathological conditions that requires a more detailed study of the morphogenesis of perinatal death. METHODS: Structural changes in placentas of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) in different stages of intrauterine period and placentas in early neonatal death were reviewed and compared. Control group was composed of term placentas without evidence of perinatal asphyxia or other neonatal abnormalities. Immunohistochemical investigation was performed by antibodies to Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Cytomegalovi…

The structural basis of herpesvirus entry.

Herpesviruses are ubiquitous, double-stranded DNA, enveloped viruses that establish lifelong infections and cause a range of diseases. Entry into host cells requires binding of the virus to specific receptors, followed by the coordinated action of multiple viral entry glycoproteins to trigger membrane fusion. Although the core fusion machinery is conserved for all herpesviruses, each species uses distinct receptors and receptor-binding glycoproteins. Structural studies of the prototypical herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (…

Targeting Polyamine Metabolism for Control of Human Viral Diseases.

A virus is an infectious particle which generally contains nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA inside a protein shell), except for human immunod … kungunya virus (CHIKV), sindbis virus (SINV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Rabies virus (RABV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), La Crosse virus (LACV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV), and co …

The Use of Adjunctive Steroids in Central Nervous Infections.

Central nervous system (CNS) infections continue to be associated with significant neurological morbidity and mortality despite various exis … junctive steroid therapy on outcome for a number of CNS infections, including bacterial meningitis, herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, tuberculosis meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, neurocysticercosis, autoimmune encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, and bacterial brain abscess. We describe that while steroid therapy is beneficial and …

Antiviral activity of PHA767491 on Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 in vitro.

Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) induces genital lesions in its natural host similar to those caused by Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HHV-2), commonly named herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) in human patients. CpHV-1 infection in goats could represent a useful homologous animal model for the study of HSV-2 infection, chiefly for the assessment of antiviral drugs in in vivo studies. PHA767491 is a potent inhibitor of HSV-1 and HSV-2, being able to limit replication of HHVs both in vitro and in the mouse model. In the present study the antiviral efficacy of PHA767491 against CpHV-1 was evaluated in …

Cellular Signaling Analysis shows antiviral, ribavirin-mediated ribosomal signaling modulation.

As antiviral drug resistance develops and new viruses emerge there is a pressing need to develop strategies to rapidly develop antiviral therapeutics. Here we use phospho-specific flow cytometry to assess perturbations of many different cellular signaling pathways during treatment with drug combinations that are highly effective in blocking Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. We discovered two antiviral drug combinations act on distinct signaling pathways, either STAT1 or S6 phosphorylation, to block HSV-1 infection. We focused on upregulation of S6 phosphorylation by HSV-1 infectio…

Epidemiology of uveitis in a region of southern Sweden.

PURPOSE: To analyse the distribution and treatment of uveitis in a region of southern Sweden and compare the results with previously reporte … cases. An associated diagnosis was found in 14%, and the five most common associated diseases were herpes simplex/zoster (4.9%), inflammatory bowel disease (2.2%), rheumatic arthritis (1.9%), ankylosing spondylitis (1.8%) and sarcoidosis (1.8%). Systemic treatment was used in 14% of the cases. The period prevalence of uveitis was 700 cases per 100 000 individua …

Infectious complications and NK cell depletion following daratumumab treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Treatment with Daratumumab (Dara), a monoclonal anti-CD38 antibody of IgG1 subtype, is effective in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). How … ytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), while five consisted of reactivations, i.e. one herpes simplex (HSV), 1 varicella-zoster (VZV) and three cytomegalovirus (CMV). Infections were solely seen in patients with partial response or worse. Assessment of circulating lymphocytes indicated a selective depletion of NK cells and viral reactivation after D …