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Larvivorous fish for preventing malaria transmission.

BACKGROUND: Adult female Anopheles mosquitoes can transmit Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. Some fish species eat mosquito larvae an … se studies were undertaken in Sri Lanka (two studies), India (three studies), Ethiopia (one study), Kenya (two studies), Sudan (one study), Grande Comore Island (one study), Korea (two studies), Indonesia (one study), and Tajikistan (two studies). These studies were conducted in a variety of settings, including localized water bodies (such as wells, dom …

Cancer medicines: a private vice for public benefit?

Cancer medicines have become one of the most dominant global medical technologies. They generate huge profits for the biopharmaceutical industry as well as fuel the research and advocacy activities of public funders, patient organisations, clinical and scientific communities and entire federal political ecosystems. The mismatch between the price, affordability and value of many cancer medicines and global need has generated significant policy debate, yet we see little change in behaviours from any of the major actors from public research funders through to regulatory authorities. In this polic

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… Access to and affordability of World Health Organization essential medicines for cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: examples from Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. Oncologist. 2022;27(11):958–970. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac143. 25. Morgan SG, Bathula HS, Moon S. …

Technology-based and digital interventions for intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A growing body of research shows the promise and efficacy of technology-based or digital interventions in improving the health a … s were conducted in the United States and one in Canada, New Zealand, China (People's Republic of), Kenya, and Australia. The results of this meta-analysis found that technology-based interventions significantly reduced depression among female IPV survivors at 0-3 months only (SMD = -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.17 to -0.00), anxiety among IP …

15 years supporting adherence to oral anti-cancer treatment: use of the MASCC Oral Agent Teaching Tool (MOATT) worldwide, a review for the future.

IntroductionThe MASCC Oral Agent Teaching Tool (MOATT®) was developed to address the challenges of patient education and adherence in the context of oral anticancer agents. Despite its evidence-based design and global availability, there is limited documentation on its application in clinical practice and research. This review aims to assess the extent of MOATT usage and evaluate the impact on patient outcomes.MethodsA scoping review was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. Databases included CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and PubMed. Inclu

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… Following the workshop, clinical implementation, and evaluations of the MOATT were conducted involving 635 patients and caregivers by 114 nurses in China, Denmark, Greece, Kenya, Spain, Turkiye, and the United States. …

Subsidising artemisinin-based combination therapy in the private retail sector.

BACKGROUND: Malaria causes ill health and death in Africa. Treating illness promptly with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is lik … e trials studied people of all age groups. The studies were done in rural districts in East Africa (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania).In this East Africa setting, these ACT subsidy programmes increased the percentage of children under five years of age receiving ACTs on the day, or following day, of fever onset by 25 percentage points (95% confidence interval …

Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.

ObjectivesTo develop consensus data statements and clinical recommendations to provide guidance for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in people with HIV based on the knowledge and experience of an international panel of experts.MethodsA targeted literature review including 281 conference presentations, peer-reviewed articles, and background references on cardiometabolic health in adults with HIV published between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted and used to develop draft consensus data statements. Using a modified Delphi method, an international panel of 16 experts convened in

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… Weight gain among treatment-naïve persons with HIV receiving dolutegravir in Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 91: 490–6. 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003087 27. Martínez-Sanz J, Blanco J-R, Muriel Aet al. … Increased risk of prediabetes among virally suppressed adults with HIV in Central Kenya detected using glycated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4: e00292. 10.1002/edm2.292 63. Cassenote AJF, Grangeiro A, Escuder MMet al. …

Donor Evaluation for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Collection

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… Pakistan Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya … Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam | Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea | Guinea-Bissau Kenya …

Mobilising stakeholders to improve access to state-of-the-art radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries.

In an ongoing effort to improve access to state-of-the-art radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a joint symposium was organised by the non-governmental, non-profit organisation Medical physicists in diaspora for Africa e.V. (MephidA e.V.) in collaboration with the Germany-based Cameroon-German medical doctor's association (Camfomedics e.V.) and the Harvard-based Global Health Catalyst summit. The goal of the symposium was to discuss the technical and structural challenges faced in African LMIC settings, re-evaluate strategies to overcome the shortfall of radiotherapy servi

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… published data from the Directory of Radiotherapy Centers (DIRAC) database [ 14 ] and from correspondence with leading radiotherapy manufacturers: Elekta and Varian, the linac count increased from 396 to 406 between February and October 2020, with new acquisitions of one linac each in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya …

Temporal trends and determinants of inpatient palliative care utilization among hospitalized patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an aggressive malignancy, despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Early integration of palliative care has been shown to alleviate symptom burden and enhance quality of life among patients and their caregivers. However, palliative care remains underutilized, especially in hematologic malignancies. This study aims to determine the rate of inpatient palliative care utilization among hospitalized patients with AML and to identify predictors of inpatient palliative care utilization.MethodsThis retrospective study utilized data extracted from

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… Factors influencing progressive utilization of palliative care services among cancer patients in Kenya: the case of Nairobi Hospice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(19):6871. 10.3390/ijerph20196871. 23. Colibaseanu DT, Osagiede O, Spaulding AC, Frank RD, Merchea A, Mathis KL, et al. …

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the oncology services demand in a middle-income setting with universal health insurance.

AimWe analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oncology service demand in a middle-income country with universal health coverage.MethodsWe collected data from January 1st-2017 to December 31th-2021 at a reference center in Bogotá-Colombia regarding first-time consultations of cross-cutting services (clinical oncology, hematology, palliative care, radiation oncology); specialized multidisciplinary units (breast, prostate, lung, stomach); inpatient and outpatient systemic therapy; radiotherapy; oncology surgery; and bone marrow transplant. A descriptive time series analysis was performed,

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… Gendered economic, social and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation policies in Kenya evidence from a prospective cohort survey in Nairobi informal settlements. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):42749–42749. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042749. 27. …

Prevalence and Study-Level Predictors of Chronic Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating adverse effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy agents. Despite its substantial global burden, the prevalence of chronic CIPN (persisting for ≥3 months after completion of chemotherapy) remains uncertain. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of chronic CIPN and assess variations based on chemotherapy regimen, cancer type, geographic region, and human development index (HDI). METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus was conducted from database inc

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… The x-axis shows prevalence percent from 10% to 70% in 10% increments, while the y-axis lists countries: India, Tunisia, Japan, Australia, Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Greece, US, Kenya, All Countries, Finland, France, Turkey, UK, Sweden, China, Italy, South Korea, Iran, Spain, Denmark, Portugal. …

Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus and Bocavirus Respiratory Infections after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Prospective Single-Center Study.

Epidemiologic data about coronaviruses (CoVs) and human bocavirus (HBoV) in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are scarce. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study on respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in allo-HSCT recipients with respiratory symptoms from December 2013 until June 2016. Respiratory virus in upper and/or lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) specimens were tested using Luminex xTAG RVP Fast v1 assay. Seventy-nine consecutive allo-HSCT recipients developed a total of 192 virologically documented RVI episodes over 30 months. The me

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… Molecular characterization of human coronaviruses and their circulation dynamics in Kenya, 2009-2012. Virol J. 2016;13:18. doi: 10.1186/s12985-016-0474-x. 30. Dijkman R., Jebbink M.F., Gaunt E. The dominance of human coronavirus OC43 and NL63 infections in infants. …

Information and communications technology use to prevent and respond to sexual and gender-based violence in low- and middle-income countries: An evidence and gap map.

BACKGROUND: The use of information and communications technologies (ICT) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) has increased significan … or response outcomes. Countries represented among the eligible individual studies include Cambodia, Kenya, Nepal Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Lebanon. Of the 10 eligible studies (individual and reviews), most focused on intimate partner violence against women (IPV). Intervention areas among the eligible studies include safety planning using d …

Tracking health commodity inventory and notifying stock levels via mobile devices: a mixed methods systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Health systems need timely and reliable access to essential medicines and health commodities, but problems with access are commo … , which described a total of eleven interventions. All studies were conducted in African (Tanzania, Kenya, Malawi, Ghana, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zambia, Liberia, Uganda, South Africa, and Rwanda) and Asian (Pakistan and India) countries. Most of the interventions aimed to make data about stock levels and potential stockouts visible to managers, who could t …

Mass drug administration for malaria.

BACKGROUND: Mass drug administration (MDA), defined as the empiric administration of a therapeutic antimalarial regimen to an entire populat … -MDA, the prevalence of parasitaemia was much lower in three non-randomized controlled studies from Kenya and India in the 1950s (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08, three studies, moderate quality evidence), and in three uncontrolled before-and-after studies conducted between 1954 and 1961 (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.48, three studies,low quality evidence).Th …

Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine fo … ed between 1987 and 2013 from Thailand (1), Benin (3), Gabon (1), Tanzania (1), Mozambique (2), and Kenya (1) that included 8192 pregnant women met our inclusion criteria.Two trials (with 6350 HIV-uninfected pregnant women) compared two IPTp doses of mefloquine with two IPTp doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Two other trials involving 1363 HIV-infecte …

Mass drug administration for malaria.

BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating mass drug administration (MDA) in malarious areas have shown reductions in malaria immediately following the … d studies Three CBA studies were conducted in moderate- to high-transmission areas in Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Nigeria. There was a reduction in P falciparum parasitaemia prevalence in MDA groups compared to control groups during MDA (DiD range: -15.8 to -61.4 percentage points), but the effect varied at one to three months after MDA (DiD range: 14.9 to …

Mefloquine for preventing malaria in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine fo … ed between 1987 and 2013 from Thailand (1), Benin (3), Gabon (1), Tanzania (1), Mozambique (2), and Kenya (1) that included 8192 pregnant women met our inclusion criteria.Two trials (with 6350 HIV-uninfected pregnant women) compared two IPTp doses of mefloquine with two IPTp doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Two other trials involving 1363 HIV-infecte …

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations. METHODS: We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and

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… Subnational estimation in GBD 2017 includes five new countries (Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, Russia) and countries previously estimated at subnational levels (GBD 2013: China, Mexico, and the UK [regional level]; GBD 2015: Brazil, India, Japan, Kenya, South Africa, Sweden, and the USA; GBD 2016 … To meet data use requirements, in this publication we present all subnational estimates excluding those pending publication (Brazil, India, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Sweden, the UK, and the USA; appendix 2 ). …