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Synaptic Density in Multiple Sclerosis: An In Vivo Study Using [11C]UCB-J-PET Imaging.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease coupled with neurodegenerative processes affecting both the white matter and gray matter (GM) in the CNS. Several histopathologic studies have reported a reduction in synaptic density in various areas of the brain. However, this pathologic feature is yet an unexplored entity among people with MS (pwMS). Therefore, we sought to investigate synaptic loss in vivo by quantifying the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A using [11C]UCB-J-PET imaging and to explore associations with clinical and cognitive measures. METH…

First evaluation in multiple sclerosis using PET tracer [18F]3F4AP demonstrates heterogeneous binding across lesions.

PURPOSE: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination and axonal loss in the central nervous system. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to myelin changes, conventional sequences lack specificity and cannot reliably distinguish demyelinated lesions with varying axonal integrity. We evaluated the potential of [18F]3F4AP, a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer and a radiolabeled derivative of 4-aminopyridine, to provide unique insights into demyelination in multiple sclerosis. METHODS: Three people with multiple sclerosis and three healthy controls underwent 2

Уровни сыворотки miR-34a-5p, miR-30b-5p и miR-140-5p связаны с активностью заболеваний и атрофией мозга в раннем многоразовом склерозе.

В последние годы основное внимание в исследованиях уделяется биомаркерам как ключевым инструментам прогнозирования клинических результатов и определения терапевтических решений в случае множественного склероза (МС). МикроРНК (миР)-малые некодирующие молекулы РНК, регулирующие генное выражение на посттранарном уровне, стали многообещающими биомаркерами в MS ввиду их доступности в биологических жидкостях. В этом исследовании изучается роль конкретных сывороток, главным образом связанных с регулированием иммунной реакции, в качестве потенциальных перспективных биомаркеров в MS с уделением особого

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In recent years, research has focused on biomarkers as key tools to predict clinical outcomes and guide therapeutic decisions in Multiple Sc … gside clinical-demographic and MRI data, including T2 lesion volume, normalized brain volume (NBV), gray matter volume, white matter volume (WMV) calculated at baseline and annual percentage brain volume change (PBVC) and occurrence of new T2 or gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions on follow-up scans. Candidate miRs were chosen based on their potential biologic …

Evidence for interictal blood-brain barrier dysfunction in people with epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: Interictal blood-brain barrier dysfunction in chronic epilepsy has been demonstrated in animal models and pathological specimens. … de, ipsilateral T1 difference values were significantly higher in white matter (corrected p < .05), gray matter (uncorrected p < .05), and presumed seizure onset zones (p = .04) in people with epilepsy. Compared to people without epilepsy, significantly higher T1 difference values were found in the anatomical vicinity of presumed seizure onset zones (p = .004 …

Associations of dietary patterns and longitudinal brain-volume change in Japanese community-dwelling adults: results from the national institute for longevity sciences-longitudinal study of aging.

BACKGROUND: The association of dietary patterns and longitudinal changes in brain volume has rarely been investigated in Japanese individual … intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record, and longitudinal volume changes (%) in the total gray matter (TGM), total white matter, and frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular lobes were assessed using 3-dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed sex-specific dietary patter …

Using the Progression Independent of Relapse Activity Framework to Unveil the Pathobiological Foundations of Multiple Sclerosis.

Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), a recent concept to formalize disability accrual in multiple sclerosis (MS) independent … and paramagnetic rim lesions), cortical lesions, brain and spinal cord atrophy, particularly in the gray matter, diffuse and focal microglial activation, persistent leptomeningeal enhancement, and white matter tract damage. We propose to use PIRA to understand the main determinant of disability accrual in observational, cohort studies, where regular MRI scans …

Multi-modal analysis of inflammation as a potential mediator of depressive symptoms in young people with HIV: The GOLD depression study.

People living with HIV are at three times greater risk for depressive symptoms. Inflammation is a notable predictor of depression, and peopl … ent Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We measured choline and myo-inositol in basal ganglia, midfrontal gray matter, and peritrigonal white matter using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 16 inflammatory proteins in blood serum using ELISA and Luminex™ multiplex immunoassays. Using structural equation mediation modelling, we calculated standardised indirect eff …

Artificial gravity: an effective countermeasure for microgravity-induced headward fluid shift?

Long-duration spaceflight is associated with pathophysiological changes in the intracranial compartment hypothetically linked to microgravit … Compared with baseline, HDTBR was characterized by expansion of lateral ventricular, white matter, gray matter, and brain + total intracranial cerebral spinal fluid volumes, increased CSFv, decreased ICASV, and decreased ICAFR by 52 days into HBTBR (All Ps < 0.05). ICARI was only increased 14 days into HDTBR (P < 0.05). Neither iAG nor cAG significantly affe …

Abnormal structure and function of white matter in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal structure and function of gray matter (GM) have been discovered in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The GM structure and function may be influenced by the structure and function of the white matter (WM). Therefore, it is crucial to explore the characteristics of WM in OCD. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 52 patients with OCD and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were collected. The tract-based spatial statistics, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (A…

Multiparametric Characterization of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Using 3D MR Fingerprinting.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a multiparametric machine-learning (ML) framework using high-resolution 3 dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) fin … nducted 2D classification with ensemble models using MRF T1 and T2 mean and standard deviation from gray matter and white matter for FCD versus controls. Subtype classification additionally incorporated entropy and uniformity of MRF metrics, as well as morphometric features from the morphometric analysis program (MAP). We translated 2D results to individual p …

Neurological involvement in patients with primary immunodeficiency.

INTRODUCTION: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are defined by recurrent infections, allergies, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Neurol … ellar atrophy (n = 33, 34%), white matter lesion (n = 27, 28.4%), cerebral atrophy (n = 21, 22.3%), gray matter lesion (n = 6, 6.3%), hydrocephalus (n = 5, 5,3%), and pituitary gland lesion (n = 3, 3.2%), intracranial hemorrhage (n = 3, 3%), intracranial vasculitis (n = 3, 2.7%), and arterio-venous malformation (n = 1, 0,9%). Primary involvement (a component …

[Neuroscience of creativity or can the ungraspable be captured?].

Creativity is a particularly complex entity that can be best conceptualized along dimensions of opposite polarities. It can simultaneously b … ontrol, and others) as well as highlight the importance of their brain and neurochemical substrate (gray matter volume, white matter integrity, dopamine), connecting with cognitive processes of opposite style (flexibility versus persistence). While this paradigm seems to converge toward the delineation of a coherent neurobiological model of creativity, obviou …

Targeted ablation of signal transducer and activator of transduction 1 alleviates inflammation by microglia/macrophages and promotes long-term recovery after ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Brain microglia and macrophages (Mi/MΦ) can shift to a harmful or advantageous phenotype following an ischemic stroke. Identification of key molecules that regulate the transformation of resting Mi/MΦ could aid in the development of innovative therapies for ischemic stroke. The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transduction 1 (STAT1) has been found to contribute to acute neuronal death (in the first 24 h) following ischemic stroke, but its effects on Mi/MΦ and influence on long-term stroke outcomes have yet to be determined. METHODS: We generated mice with ta

Association between late-life air pollution exposure and medial temporal lobe atrophy in older women.

BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution exposures increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, possibly due to structural cha … al averages of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) prior to MRI-1. Bilateral gray matter volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), and entorhinal cortex (ERC) were summed to operationalize the MTL. We used linear regressions to estimate exposure effects on 5-year volume changes in the MTL and its subregions, adj …

Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With Increased Brain Iron and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have been recognized to play an important role in cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients. However, the mechanism of this effect is still unclear. PURPOSE: Comparing the susceptibility values in the selected subcortical gray matter structures of CSVD patients without CMBs (CSVD-N) and with CMBs (CSVD-C) as well as healthy controls (HCs). STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Sixty-nine CSVD patients and 28 HCs were included; 24 CSVD patients (34.78%) had CMBs and 45 CSVD patients (65.22%) had no CMBs. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENC…

Myelin Content in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Post-Concussion Syndrome: Quantitative Assessment with a Multidynamic Multiecho Sequence.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the myelin volume change in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with post-concussion syn … ation, the average MVF was analyzed at the bilateral cerebral white matter (WM), bilateral cerebral gray matter (GM), corpus callosum, and brainstem. The Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to compare MVF and myelin volume between patients with mTBI and controls. Myelin volume was correlated with neuropsychological test scores using the Spearman rank correlatio …

Automated detection, selection and classification of hippocampal landmark points for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative, progressive, and irreversible disease that accounts for up to 80% … pherical support region around each point using information from brain probability image tissues of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid as sources of information. Next, at the second level, the images are classified based on a quantitative evaluation obtained from the first-level classifier outputs. RESULTS: For the CN×MCI experiment, we achie …

Standardizing T1-w/T2-w ratio images in trigeminal neuralgia to estimate the degree of demyelination in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Novel magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have led to the development of T1-w/T2-w ratio images or "myelin-sensitive maps (MMs)" to estimate and compare myelin content in vivo. Currently, raw image intensities in conventional MR images are unstandardized, preventing meaningful quantitative comparisons. We propose an improved workflow to standardize the MMs, which was applied to patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) and trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis (MSTN), to assess the validity and feasibility of this clinical tool. METHODS: T1-w and T2-w

Selecting software pipelines for change in flortaucipir SUVR: Balancing repeatability and group separation.

Since tau PET tracers were introduced, investigators have quantified them using a wide variety of automated methods. As longitudinal cohort … M), and a tau-specific GTM variant), seven choices of reference region (cerebellar crus, cerebellar gray matter, whole cerebellum, pons, supratentorial white matter, eroded supratentorial WM, and a composite of eroded supratentorial WM, pons, and whole cerebellum), two choices of region masking (GM or GM and WM), and two choices of statistic (voxel-wise mean …

Infantile Iron Deficiency Affects Brain Development in Monkeys Even After Treatment of Anemia.

A high percent of oxidative energy metabolism is needed to support brain growth during infancy. Unhealthy diets and limited nutrition, as we … of ID was associated with smaller total brain volumes, driven primarily by significantly less total gray matter (GM) and smaller GM volumes in several cortical regions. At the macrostructual level, the effect on white matter volumes (WM) was not as overt. However, DTI analyses of WM microstructure indicated two later-maturating anterior tracts were negatively …